CPACC

CPACC Body of Knowledge

• This document contains the knowledge and skills required to obtain the Certified Professional in Accessibility Core Competencies (CPACC) credential.
• The IAAP CPACC Body of Knowledge serves four main purposes.
• The four main purposes are to list the categories of information covered in the exam.
• The four main purposes are to present general information about each domain topic.
• The four main purposes are to recommend study topics related to each job task.
• The four main purposes are to provide links to resources on each topic.
• The four main purposes are to provide additional reading resources for expanded study.
• This CPACC Body of Knowledge presents concepts, theories, and other information that accessibility professionals should master.
• The Body of Knowledge helps candidates prepare for the IAAP CPACC Certification exam and provides references for learning and exploration.
• Resources for free and for-purchase CPACC preparation reside on the About CPACC webpage in the Prepare for the CPACC Exam section.

CPACC Professional Certification

• The Certified Professional in Accessibility Core Competencies (CPACC) credential provides the practical application of cross-disciplinary knowledge
• This cross-disciplinary knowledge includes disabilities.
• This cross-disciplinary knowledge includes accessibility and universal design.
• This cross-disciplinary knowledge includes accessibility-related standards, laws, and management strategies.
• Relevant domains include web and information communication technologies (ICT), architecture/built environment, and consumer/industrial design
• Relevant domains include transportation systems, and any domain improving disability access via thoughtful design, policy, and management.
• The CPACC helps technical and non-technical accessibility roles.
• Those in technical CPACC roles can benefit from having Web Accessibility Specialist (WAS) and Accessible Document Specialist (ADS) certifications.
• Individuals who pass both the CPACC and WAS exams carry a higher-level credential called the Certified Professional in Web Accessibility (CPWA).
• The CPACC consists of three areas:
• The three areas are disabilities, challenges and assistive technologies (40% of the exam),
• The three areas are accessibility and universal design (40% of the exam).
• The three areas are standards, laws, and management strategies (20% of the exam).

Domain One: Disabilities, Challenges, and Assistive Technologies

• Domain One involves characterizing and differentiating between theoretical models of disability, including the strengths and weaknesses of their underlying assumptions

Recommended Study Tasks

• Identify prominent theoretical models of disability
• Describe their basic concepts and understand their strengths and weaknesses
• Identify models are aligned with accessibility and universal design

Overview

• Theoretical models of disability provide perspectives and frameworks to understand disability

Medical Model

• From Disabled World Definition: Views disability as a problem of the person caused by disease, trauma, or a health condition, requiring medical care by professionals.
• From Disability Australia Hub Definition: Sees disability as the individual's problem, not an issue for others, focusing on the person affected rather than external factors.
• The medical component within disabilities is a critical reality for many people
• The goal is to "cure" the disability
• Weakness: The medical model over looks issues caused by unwelcoming or inaccessible environment

Social Model

• From Disability Hub Australia Definition: conceptualizes society as the cause of disability due to restricting life choices, and advocates for removing barriers for independence and equality.
• From Disabled World Definition: Sees disability as a socially created problem, requiring societal integration.
• From the UK Ombudsman Definition: Disability is experienced because society fails to accommodate diverse needs
• Strength: The social model emphasizes the disabling conditions in society and the environment
• Focus: The social model recognizes people's attitudes towards disability can present barriers for disabled people
• Weakness: The social model of disability can downplay the embodied aspects of disabilities

Biopsychosocial Model

• From Physio-Pedia Definition: Attempts to account for both social and biomedical models of disability
• In 2002, the World Health Organization published the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
• The ICF is derived from the biopsychosocial model of disability
• Strength: The biopsychosocial model can be used in situations related to rehabilitation
• Weakness: There are fears that the combination of health aspects with the social model in the World Health
• Combination of factors: Considers the bio (physiological pathology), physcho (thoughts and emotions) and social factors

Economic Model

• From Disabled World Definition: Defines disability by inability to work, assessing impact on productivity, for the individual, employer, and state.
• This model is directly related to the charity model.
• Often used by policymakers to determine and access disability benefits
• Strength: This model recognizes the effect of bodily limitations on a person's ability to work and that may require economic support and / or accommodations
• Weakness: creates a category of people that are needy and that may be stigmatizing in that is legally defined,

Functional Solutions Model

• From Handwiki Definition: A practical perspective that identifies the limitations due disabilities with the intent to create and promote solutions.
• Strength: seeks to solve real-world challenges, attends to the circumstances and based providing people's lives in their own services.
• Weakness: Profit-driven driven technology entrepreneurs miss the mark with creating products may be more of benefit to the target especially if they model.

Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model

• Definition: refers to a sense of deriving one's personal identity from membership within a group of like-minded individualS
• The social identity accepts person's disabilities completely and uses it to point of pride in associating with people
• The sense of belonging felt in a group can be counter balanced of those who don't fit the group's expectations
• Model is most evident among people who are Deaf

Charity Model:

• Regard the people disabilities as needing outside help with benefactors to community
• Related to medical: Treats the disability as problem and economic for indivudals

Domain One B: Categories and Characteristics of Disabilities, Associated Barriers and Solutions

Recommended Study Tasks:

• Name the main categories of disabilities
• Describe the accessibility challenges faced by people with disabilities
• Understand the concepts of assistive technologies, adaptive strategies and accessibility solution

Visual Disabilities

• Are sensory disabilities which include some of loss of visual acuity(sharpness) or vision, sensitivity( complete or incorreccible vision in either of both eyes).
• Blindndess is involved the loss(complete or near to total vision loss)

Demographics: The World Health Organization stated at least 2.2 billion people have

• Vision impairment and blindness • Leading causes are uncorrected with errors and catarracts • 90% live in low income settings

Barriers for People without visual diabilities

• Restaurant and menu aids are unavailable in alternate braille • Visual Information steps are unadequate

Solution to aid people to help

• Provide visual text for alternative non text Information • Tactile controls with flat devices such as microwaves and dishwashers • Screen readers convert the text structure • Audio description provides visual Information

Auditory Disabilities

• Are sensory disabilities that complete or partially hearing loss. • Deafness has nearly total or complete hearing loss • Characteristics: Including the audio part of multimedia sounds

Barriers for People with Auditory Disabilites

• Speakers are too speak softly and spaces aids/ mircophones. • Environments and competing sounds such as background noise

Solution to help People audiotry Issues

• Cart-useable and accurate for videos,Text alternatives,live online meetings, etc. • Visual Alerts. • Assistive living and assistive listening systmes for tools.

Deaf Blindness

• A sensory disability that can occur though deafess or blindness. • Charateristics of those two disabilities with the added complexity of meaningful sensory input • Touch,smells, taste,

Barriers for People with Deafness

• Lack of material • Websites with incorrect incomplete output to a braille keyboard.

Solution to Help People with Deaf-blindnes

• Make audio material and videos. • Offer braille keyboards.

Speech and Language Disabilities

• conditions are related and often are grouped together. • The need to be have the ablity to read, and makes sounds. • The ablity to physically speak may be related to a person language capatlities • Definition : The ASHA organic speech sound disorders resulting from motor nuerologicalisorders(apraxia), structural and sensory

Solution for People with Language and Speech Disabilities

• A number of alterntives is an multimidal.

The five areas Mobility,Flexiblity and Body Structure Disabilities

• Limiteed Independent purposeful Body Movements. • Example of dexterity is the motor control

Barriers for People with flexiblity

• Tasks require fine motor skills small, like small or rounder handles • Requiring accuracy like small buttons or dials.

Solution for People with Flexiblity • Provides Universal wide Enterences • Devices supplanting keyboards and mouses ex)sip and puff devices

Cognitive Skill/Distruption Disabilites

• Defintion Intellectaual Disability: Is charaterized has sigifcant limitatons • 3 Main critea is diagnosed the DSM-V1

•Deficts the intellectual Function

Solution for People with Cognititve disabities

• Keep a Easy understanding • Simplify contnet- Disctraction and interfaces

Setizure Disabilitie

• Seizures can are related with ranges from Mild to serve • defiton at Mayo Clinc- Disturbance at the brain, movements or feelings. •Charateristics: Inhibit you to speak and down falling

Setizure Barriers for People with Setizure

• Moving blinking content in videos • Activities that occur when loss or consciousness and cuase harm • web browsers does not provde the stop for turn off video animations

Solution for People with Setizure

• Mobile digital diary apps with reminders. • The Wearalbles are used a alot button for call get help.

Psychological Disabilities

• Those people with a Mental Illness which behaviors feeling mood, throughts, are affected. • Mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder

Barriers of People with Psychological disabilitie

• A support is lack for their Emotional issues. • It is very hard for them to have affordable and ability access to Mental health services

Solution for People who has the Mental Health Issues

• Text to speech software use for assistance • A need for Noise and monitored devices. • To have apps for anxiety and manage moods.

Mutiple/Complex Disabilities:

Is more one Disability that present at the same time • Those areas of the Sensory Function • It is a challange interllclectualliy Function,

Domain One E: Apply Disability Etiquette into Practice

• Guidelines, for those to interacr and commune with others. • The key is respectful manner attitudes and language . • Don't take what presmption is can and cannot do.

Inclusive Language:

• First language: To used the first language

Domain Two: Accessibility and Universal Design

The concpets and porincples of Universial Design

• Universal designed is that can used and accese for all
• Designed for equal oppurtniteies or need adaptiations