Questions and Answers
According to Plato, what did he compare the body and soul to?
A chariot and its driver
What is freewill?
The belief that human will is free and individuals can choose and act freely
What is epistemology concerned with?
The philosophical study of knowledge
What is scepticism characterized by?
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According to Descartes, what were the 'three waves of doubt' that he famously tried to doubt?
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What is the term for the belief that the human will is free, allowing human beings to choose and act freely?
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Which philosophical theory holds that knowledge is gained through reason?
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What does the term 'dualism' refer to in philosophy?
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Which term refers to the process by which humans are given a soul?
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What does the term 'empiricism' emphasize about knowledge?
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Which term refers to the philosophical study of knowledge?
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Study Notes
Comparative Philosophy
- Plato compared the body and soul to a prisoner and a freedman, respectively.
Free Will
- Freewill is the ability to make choices that are not determined by external factors.
Epistemology
- Epistemology is concerned with the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge.
Scepticism
- Scepticism is characterized by a questioning attitude, doubting the possibility of knowledge.
Descartes' Three Waves of Doubt
- Descartes famously tried to doubt everything, including: • His senses (e.g., whether he was dreaming or awake) • Mathematical truths (e.g., whether 2 + 2 = 4) • His own existence (e.g., whether he was a thinking being)
Philosophical Theories
- The term 'libertarianism' refers to the belief that the human will is free, allowing human beings to choose and act freely.
- Rationalism is a philosophical theory that holds that knowledge is gained through reason.
- Dualism refers to the belief that the human being consists of two separate entities: the body and the soul.
- Traducianism is the term that refers to the process by which humans are given a soul.
Epistemological Emphases
- Empiricism emphasizes that knowledge is gained through experience and sensory data.
- The term 'epistemology' refers to the philosophical study of knowledge.
