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Questions and Answers
Which philosopher is considered the Father of Western Philosophy?
Plato believed that the soul is mortal.
False
What is the main goal of life according to Socrates?
To know thyself and improve our souls through virtuous living.
The philosophical view of the self seeks to describe essential qualities that constitute a person's _______.
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Match the philosopher with their main concept regarding the self:
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Which component of the self pertains to physical appetite and biological needs?
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Aristotle is regarded as a student of Socrates.
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Who is considered the father of modern philosophy?
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According to Descartes, the self is primarily a _____ entity.
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Which philosopher stated 'There is no self'?
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Match the following philosophers with their main concepts:
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The body and the soul are considered to be two separate entities according to Aristotle.
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What is the main goal of self-knowledge according to the discussed concepts?
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Study Notes
Ancient Philosophers
- Socrates is the father of Western Philosophy.
- Socratic Method: a method of inquiry using questions to stimulate critical thinking.
- "Know Thyself": the goal of life is to know yourself and improve your soul through virtuous living.
- Dualism: mind and body are separate.
- Plato was a student of Socrates.
- "The Soul is Immortal": self is a process of self-knowledge and purification of the soul.
- Three Components of the Soul: Rational Soul, Appetitive Soul, Spirited Soul.
- Aristotle was a student of Plato.
- "The Soul is the Essence of the Self": the body and soul are not separate.
- Three Kinds of Soul: Vegetative Soul, Sentient Soul, and Rational Soul.
- St. Augustine integrated Plato's ideas into Christianity.
- "I Am Doubting, Therefore I Am": the self is created in the image of God and can only be known through faith and reason.
Modern Philosophers
- Rene Descartes is the father of modern philosophy.
- "I Think Therefore I Am": the self is thinking, not sensing.
- Dualism: mind and matter are separate.
- Skepticism: certain knowledge is impossible.
- David Hume is a Scottish philosopher.
- "There is No Self": the self is merely a bundle of impressions or perceptions, not a unified entity.
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Description
Explore the profound ideas of ancient and modern philosophers, including Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Understand key concepts like dualism, the nature of the soul, and how these ideas evolved into modern thought. This quiz covers their influence on Western philosophy and the synthesis of ideas by figures like St. Augustine and Rene Descartes.
