Year 9 Science Revision: Cell Biology

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of stem cells in embryos?

To produce blood cells

To undergo mitosis

To support plant growth

To give rise to many different types of cells (correct)

Stem cells from adult bone marrow can only produce blood cells.

False

What important role does mitosis play in multicellular organisms?

Growth and development

In therapeutic cloning, an embryo is produced with the same ______ as the patient.

genes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of stem cells with their origin:

Embryonic stem cells = Human embryos Adult stem cells = Bone marrow Plant meristem stem cells = Meristems in plants Therapeutic cloning = Identical genes as the patient Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cell types is characterized by having a nucleus?

Plant cells Signup and view all the answers

Bacterial cells have their genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mitochondria in animal cells?

Aerobic respiration Signup and view all the answers

Plant cells contain __________ for photosynthesis.

chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

Match the cell parts with their functions:

Nucleus = Controls cell activities Ribosomes = Protein synthesis Cell membrane = Controls substance passage Chloroplasts = Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are larger Signup and view all the answers

Describe one function of the cell wall in plant cells.

Provides strength and support Signup and view all the answers

What structure is responsible for producing energy in cells?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Only animal cells can differentiate into specialized cells.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?

To store genetic material (DNA) Signup and view all the answers

The process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific function is called ______.

differentiation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of cells retains the ability to differentiate throughout life?

Root hair cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell types with their functions:

Sperm cells = Reproduction Nerve cells = Signal transmission Muscle cells = Movement Xylem cells = Water transport Signup and view all the answers

Light microscopes have a higher magnification power compared to electron microscopes.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate magnification?

magnification = size of image / size of real object Signup and view all the answers

The main function of chloroplasts in plant cells is ______.

photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is one key role of plasmids in bacterial cells?

Gene transfer Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Year 9 Science Independent Learning Revision

Homework Schedule: Revision tasks are assigned weekly, with due dates. Students should choose one activity per week to revise specific topics.
Revision Topics: Topics include cell structure, cell division (including stem cells and microscopy), atoms, elements, and compounds, scientific models of the atom (including the Plum Pudding model), energy stores and changes.
Revision Techniques: Students can use various methods like mind maps, flash cards, question/answer cards, Cornell notes, and knowledge organizers.
Further Resources: Seneca Learning provides additional revision tasks to complete before assessments.

Cell Biology (AP1 Year 9 AQA GCSE Science)

Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes: Plant and animal cells (eukaryotic) have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material in a nucleus; bacterial cells (prokaryotic) are smaller, with a cell membrane, cytoplasm, a cell wall, and genetic material as a single DNA loop (and possibly plasmids).
Cell Parts: Animal cells have a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, and ribosomes. Plant cells have these plus chloroplasts and a permanent vacuole, and a cell wall.
Cell Specialization: Cells differentiate to perform specific functions. In animals, most differentiation occurs early on, while plants can differentiate throughout their life.
Microscopy: Electron microscopes offer higher magnification and resolution than light microscopes, revealing more subcellular structures. Calculations for magnification (image size/real size) are crucial.
Cell Division (Mitosis): The cell cycle doubles genetic material then splits the duplicated material into two identical cells.
Stem Cells: Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of specializing into various cell types. They're found in embryos, bone marrow, and plant meristems. Therapeutic cloning aims to produce stem cells with the same genes as the patient, while stem cells can be used for cloning rare or commercially valuable plants.
Ethical Considerations: Stem cell research has ethical and religious implications, alongside practical risks.

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Description

This quiz is designed for Year 9 students studying AQA GCSE Science, focusing on key topics in cell biology. It covers aspects such as cell structure, division, and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Various revision techniques can be utilized to enhance learning.