Year 9 Geography: Environmental Change and Management
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Questions and Answers

What should environmental policies prioritize?

  • Immediate environmental benefits (correct)
  • Immediate economic benefits
  • Long-term ecological health
  • Technological advancements

    • A larger ecological footprint indicates more sustainable living practices.

    False

    Name one of the processes involved in the carbon cycle.

    Photosynthesis

    The __________ is a measure of how much land and resources a person or population uses.

    <p>ecological footprint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the carbon cycle with their functions:

    <p>Photosynthesis = Plants absorb CO2 Respiration = Animals release CO2 Decomposition = Bacteria break down dead organisms Fossil Fuels = Release CO2 when burned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors influences your ecological footprint the least?

    <p>Gender identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Human activities have no significant impact on the carbon cycle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the carbon cycle?

    <p>The process by which carbon is exchanged between the atmosphere, oceans, soil, rocks, and living organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major cause of air and water pollution?

    <p>Emissions from vehicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Soil contamination can improve soil fertility.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one effect of pollution on health.

    <p>Respiratory issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ is a major contributor to both air and water pollution.

    <p>Vehicle emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one solution suggested for reducing pollution?

    <p>Enforce stricter pollution controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exploitation of wildlife does not impact food chains.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following pollution types with their causes:

    <p>Air Pollution = Vehicle emissions Water Pollution = Agricultural runoff Soil Contamination = Improper waste disposal Wildlife Exploitation = Illegal trafficking of animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effect of wildlife exploitation?

    <p>Endangering species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major effect of deforestation?

    <p>Loss of biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water scarcity is caused by excessive water use in agriculture, industry, and domestic purposes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one possible solution to address plastic waste.

    <p>Encourage the use of reusable and biodegradable alternatives to single-use plastics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One potential solution to deforestation is to implement __________ logging practices.

    <p>sustainable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following environmental issues with their causes:

    <p>Deforestation = Clearing land for crops and livestock Water scarcity = Excessive water use Plastic waste = High demands for plastic products Biodiversity loss = Habitat destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a consequence of water scarcity?

    <p>Lack of access to clean drinking water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Poor recycling systems contribute to the problem of plastic waste.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major environmental effect of plastic waste?

    <p>Harming marine life and ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental management strategy involves using controlled fires?

    <p>Firestick farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indigenous people used farming practices that were well-suited to the Australian environment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of bush tucker harvesting?

    <p>To selectively gather food and edible resources from native plants and animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indigenous people understood the changes in water sources with the ______.

    <p>seasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Indigenous environmental strategies with their descriptions:

    <p>Firestick farming = Using controlled fires to clear and regenerate land Bush tucker harvesting = Selectively gathering food and edible resources Water resource management = Using water resources responsibly and sustainably</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a strategy used by Indigenous people for environmental management?

    <p>Plastic recycling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indigenous communities overused water resources to maximize their harvest.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the effect of European farming practices on the Australian ecosystem?

    <p>It caused erosion and disrupted the ecosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major reason the Crown of Thorns Starfish threaten the Great Barrier Reef?

    <p>They feed on coral, leading to coral bleaching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Humans have no role in the outbreak of Crown of Thorns Starfish.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain how coral bleaching impacts wildlife and humans.

    <p>Coral bleaching reduces habitat for marine species, affects the food chain, and can lead to loss of tourism revenue for humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trophic cascades occur when changes in the population of one species indirectly affect multiple other species within the __________.

    <p>ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the deer population when wolves were removed from Yellowstone National Park?

    <p>The deer population increased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The introduction of wolves into Yellowstone had no effect on the plant life in the area.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What management strategy is implemented to control the outbreak of Crown of Thorns Starfish?

    <p>Culling or manual removal of the starfish is used to manage their population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements to their roles in an ecosystem:

    <p>Wolf = Top predator Deer = Herbivore Grass = Primary producer Crown of Thorns Starfish = Coral predator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animals are considered primary consumers in Yellowstone National Park?

    <p>Elks and small rodents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gray wolves are the main consumers in the Yellowstone food web.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of removing wolves from the Yellowstone food web?

    <p>Increased population of coyotes and elks, leading to overgrazing of plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coyotes eat __________, elks, and small rodents.

    <p>plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of pollution with their descriptions:

    <p>Air Pollution = Caused by harmful gases and particles released into the atmosphere Water Pollution = Contamination of water bodies with harmful substances Soil Pollution = Degradation of land quality due to chemicals and waste Visual Pollution = Unpleasant sights like billboards or waste in natural settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pollution involves unwanted sounds disturbing the environment?

    <p>Noise Pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Light pollution refers to excessive or misdirected artificial light.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one country that experiences high levels of air pollution.

    <p>China</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Year 9 Geography

    • The course covers class climate care, communication, consistency, and assessments.
    • Assessments include an online quiz (20%) and a yearly exam (30%) covering environmental change and management, and human wellbeing.

    Environmental Change & Management

    • Environmental change is any alteration or modification in the natural environment, which can be caused by natural or human activities.
    • Environmental management entails strategies and actions to protect and sustain the environment.
    • Included in the course are videos to help understand current environmental issues and management strategies.

    Worldview

    • A worldview is a collection of beliefs and values concerning how people perceive the world.
    • Two contrasting worldviews are human-centered and earth-centered.
    • Human-centered prioritize the value of humans above everything else, viewing nature as a resource.
    • Earth-centered emphasizes the importance of the natural world, considering humans as part of nature and prioritizing environmental health.
    • Indigenous strategies have deep roots in the land and are important to sustainable management.

    Ecological Footprint

    • A measure of how much land and resources a person or a population needs to sustain their lifestyle.
    • A larger ecological footprint reflects greater demands on Earth's resources, a smaller footprint suggests sustainable living habits.
    • Daily activities, like energy use, transportation, food consumption, waste generation, water use, and consumer choices impact the ecological footprint.

    Carbon Cycle

    • The carbon cycle illustrates how carbon is exchanged between the atmosphere, oceans, soil, rocks, and living organisms.
    • Key processes include:
      • Carbon dioxide is present in Earth's atmosphere
      • Plants absorb CO2 during photosynthesis.
      • Animals release CO2 during respiration.
      • Decomposers break down dead organisms.
      • Soil stores carbon from decayed matter.
      • Oceans absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.
      • Burning fossil fuels releases CO2 into the atmosphere

    How have Humans Changed the Carbon Cycle?

    • Human activities contribute to increased atmospheric CO2.
    • Fossil fuel burning is a key human activity disrupting the carbon cycle.
    • Deforestation reduces the Earth's capacity for absorbing CO2.

    How does Excess Carbon Impact Marine Environments?

    • Excess CO2 dissolves in seawater, resulting in ocean acidification.
    • Ocean acidification lowers the pH of seawater, impacting marine organisms.

    Environmental Issues

    • Problems arising from human activities damaging the natural environment.
      • Climate change causes rising global temperatures and extreme weather events.
      • Pollution affects humans and wildlife causing air problems, water problems, and soil problems.
      • Exploitation of wildlife leads to endangerment, disruption of ecosystems, and extinction.
      • Deforestation diminishes biodiversity, reduces CO2 absorption, and increases erosion.
      • Water scarcity reduces access to clean drinking water and impacts agriculture.
      • Plastic waste negatively impacts marine life and ecosystems.

    Climate Change

    • Graph showing an increase in global average temperatures, in comparison to the 1951-1980 average.
    • Human activity is a key cause of this climate change.
    • Greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture are all primary causes.

    Pollution

    • Pollution kills approximately 8.3 million people annually.
    • Causes of pollution include emissions from vehicles and improper waste disposal.
    • Pollution impacts human health with respiratory issues and pollution of water bodies.
    • Also, affects wildlife by polluting the soil, plants and aquatic ecosystems.

    Exploitation of Wildlife

    • Leading countries with threatened species include Madagascar, Ecuador, Mexico, Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia, United States, Australia, Philippines and Colombia.
    • Causes include illegal wildlife trafficking, deforestation, urbanisation, agriculture, and overfishing.
    • Effects include endangering species and disrupting ecosystems.

    Deforestation

    • Shows the annual change in global forest areas in 2015, highlighting deforestation and afforestation.
    • Causes include clearing land for crops and livestock and growing urbanisation.
    • Effects include loss of biodiversity, habitat destruction and reduction in capacity to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.

    Water Scarcity

    • 25 countries are currently experiencing extremely high water stress.
    • Causes include excessive water use in agriculture, industry, and domestic purposes, and contaminated water sources.
    • Effects include lack of access to clean drinking water, diseases, and reduced water which impacts food production.

    Plastic Waste

    • Global plastic production has risen significantly since 1950.
    • Causes include high demand for plastic products and inadequate recycling and waste management.
    • Effects include harming marine life through plastic debris in oceans, littering, and cleanup costs.

    Recycling

    • Activities involve placing items in appropriate recycling and landfill bins.
    • Some items are recyclable, and some must disposed of in landfill.

    Marine Environments

    • Marine environments encompass aquatic environments with high salt content like oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries.
    • They consist of plants (sea grasses, phytoplankton, algae), and diverse animals including fish, crustaceans, mammals, corals, and sea anemones.
    • Marine environments are crucial for food, source of raw materials for medicine, and provide building materials.
    • They also provide key defense against hazards.

    Coral Bleaching

    • Stressed corals expel their algae partners, leading to a loss of color, known as bleaching.
    • Factors contributing to coral bleaching include rising sea temperatures, due to climate change, runoff and pollution, and overexposure to sunlight.

    The Great Barrier Reef

    • The Great Barrier Reef's health is affected by issues like coral bleaching and the Crown-of-Thorns starfish.
    • The Crown of Thorns starfish is a threat to the Great Barrier Reef due to overfeeding.
    • Human activities contribute to the outbreak of crown-of-thorn starfish.

    Trophic Cascades

    • Trophic cascades refer to indirect effects on multiple other species within an ecosystem due to changes in one species population.
    • Example presented in the slides is the Yellowstone National Park Food Web.
    • Removal of predators like wolves can lead to a surge in the deer population, impacting the primary producers through overconsumption.

    Skills - Topographic Maps & Area Grid Reference

    • Topographic maps illustrate geographical features like hills and valleys using contour lines of elevation/altitude.
    • Contour lines indicate elevation on Earth's surface. Close lines indicate steep slopes, while lines farther apart indicate flatter slopes.
    • Area references provide a general location, whereas grid references give pinpoint exact positions on the map using easting (horizontal) and northing (vertical) coordinates.

    War on Waste

    • This is an observational activity using video on environmental issues, identifying human impacts and management strategies.

    Revision Questions

    • Questions include identifying worldviews, explaining ecological footprints, and correlating Australia's footprint to the global one; as well as how overconsumption affects the ecological footprint globally.

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    Related Documents

    Year 9 Geography: Environmental Change and Management PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of environmental change and management in this Year 9 Geography quiz. Understand how human activities impact natural environments and delve into contrasting worldviews regarding our relationship with nature. Assess your knowledge through various topics related to sustainability and environmental strategies.

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