Year 9 Geography Assessment Revision
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of natural hazards becoming natural disasters?

  • Improved infrastructure
  • Economic stability
  • Increased population growth
  • Significant loss of life (correct)

Wegener's theory of continental drift has no supporting evidence.

False (B)

What are the three types of plate boundaries?

Convergent, Divergent, and Transform

The layers of the Earth include the crust, mantle, and __________.

<p>core</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of plate boundaries with their characteristics:

<p>Convergent = Plates collide, causing earthquakes and mountain formation Divergent = Plates move apart, creating new crust Transform = Plates slide past each other, causing earthquakes Conservative = Type of transform boundary affecting fault lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Wegener propose about the continents?

<p>They had once formed a super continent called Pangea. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wegener's theory of continental drift was widely accepted by scientists during his lifetime.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evidence did Wegener provide to support his theory of continental drift?

<p>Similar animal fossils, matching rock types, evidence of an Ice Age, and patterns in mountain ranges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor significantly contributes to the damage caused by earthquakes?

<p>Magnitude (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tsunamis can be caused by underwater earthquakes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wegener used evidence of ___________ to argue that continents were once joined.

<p>fossils</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name a developing country that manages earthquakes effectively.

<p>Haiti</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pieces of evidence to Wegener's theory:

<p>Similar animal fossils = Suggests land connections Ice Age evidence = Indicates climatic similarities Mountain range patterns = Shows geological relationships Matching rock types = Implies a shared history</p> Signup and view all the answers

An example of a natural disaster exacerbated by a lack of evacuation planning is the eruption of __________.

<p>Nevado del Ruiz</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following earthquake management strategies with their descriptions:

<p>Short-term relief = Immediate assistance such as shelter and supplies Long-term planning = Training and funding emergency services Earthquake-proof buildings = Structural designs that minimize damage during quakes Earthquake prediction = Methods to forecast potential seismic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the natural features on the Earth's surface that are not manmade?

<p>Physical Features (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Equator is located at 23.5°N latitude.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average number of people living in an area called?

<p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

To find a 6 figure grid reference, you must go along the corridor and choose the bottom left number of the ______.

<p>grid square</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following lines of latitude with their corresponding degrees:

<p>North Pole = 90°N Equator = 0° Tropic of Cancer = 23.5°N South Pole = 90°S</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Natural Hazard

A natural process that poses a threat to human life and property.

Plate Boundary

Where two tectonic plates meet.

Destructive Plate Boundary

Where plates collide, leading to earthquakes and volcanoes.

Earthquake Hazards

The dangers associated with earthquakes, such as ground shaking, tsunamis, and landslides.

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Continental Drift

The theory that the continents were once joined and have since moved apart.

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Earthquake Damage Factors

Earthquake damage depends on factors like depth of focus (how deep it originates), magnitude (size of the quake), and the epicenter's location (how close it is to populated areas).

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Earthquake Primary Effects

The immediate and direct impacts of an earthquake, like ground shaking, building collapses, and injuries.

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Haiti Earthquake Example

A significant earthquake in Haiti with severe primary effects (e.g., ground shaking, building collapse, injuries) and secondary effects (e.g., disease, loss of infrastructure).

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Earthquake Long-Term Planning

Actions taken after an earthquake to rebuild, recover, and improve resilience to future events. This includes training, funding emergency services, and rebuilding infrastructure.

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Earthquake Prediction

Current methods are not accurate enough for meaningful prediction, but understanding earthquake patterns and risks allows for preparation.

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Pangea

A supercontinent that existed about 299 million years ago, which eventually split into the continents we know today.

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Wegener's Evidence

Wegener supported his theory of continental drift with several pieces of evidence, including matching fossils across continents, similar rock types, ancient glacial deposits, and matching mountain ranges.

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What challenges did Wegener face?

Wegener's theory initially faced skepticism from the scientific community because he couldn't explain how continents could move. The mechanism for this movement wasn't understood at the time, making it difficult for his theory to be accepted.

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Why was Wegener's theory important?

While Wegener's theory was initially met with opposition, it sparked important research and revolutionized our understanding of Earth's geology and how continents interact.

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Lines of Latitude

Imaginary lines that run horizontally around the Earth, measuring distance north or south of the Equator. They are used to determine a location's latitude.

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Lines of Longitude

Imaginary lines that run vertically around the Earth, measuring distance east or west of the Prime Meridian. They are used to determine a location's longitude.

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Grid Square

A small area on a map defined by intersecting lines of latitude and longitude, used to pinpoint specific locations.

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Scale on a Map

The ratio between a distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground. It shows how much the real world is shrunk to fit on the map.

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Relief

The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points in an area. It describes the overall shape and topography of a landscape.

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Study Notes

Year 9 Geography Independent Learning Revision

  • Homework Set 1: 18th Nov, Due 20th Nov, Task: Development revision. Use PLC to revise development indicators and reasons why some countries are LDCs. Create revision cards.

  • Homework Set 2: 25th Nov, Due 2nd Dec, Task: Plate tectonics revision. Use PLC and revision materials to learn about plate boundaries.

  • Homework Set 3: 2nd Dec, Due 9th Dec, Task: Plate tectonics revision. Use PLC and revision materials to learn about the evidence Wegener used to describe continental drift.

  • Homework Set 4: 9th Dec, Due 16th Dec, Task: Describe and explain factors that made the Nevado del Ruiz eruption a disaster. Make revision cards or a mind map.

  • Homework Set 5: 16th Dec, Due 7th Jan, Task: Map skills revision. Focus on longitude, latitude, four and six figure grid references, direction, and map symbols. Include height on a map.

Year 9 Geography Assessment Revision PLC - Unit 2 - Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes

  • What you need to know: Define natural hazard, categorize natural hazards (atmospheric and geophysical), explain why some hazards become disasters, identify Earth layers, explain continental drift and earthquake distribution, describe plate movement at different boundaries (conservative, destructive, constructive), describe earthquake hazards, explain factors affecting earthquake damage (depth, magnitude, location), give examples of earthquakes in developing and developed countries, explain earthquake management (short-term and long-term), explain earthquake preparation and earthquake-proof building design, explain earthquake prediction.

  • Map Skills (Year 7): Explain longitude and latitude and use them to locate places.

Describing and Explaining the Factors That Turned the Nevado Del Ruiz Eruption into a Disaster

  • Nevado del Ruiz Eruption (1985): A remote location made rescue difficult. The eruption occurred at night, when many people were asleep. No evacuations were conducted from surrounding towns and villages, and mudflows (lahars) travelled rapidly (25 mph), making escape difficult. Rescuers lacked proper equipment. The area was vulnerable due to previous mudflows, contributing to complacency and lack of preparedness. Officials were criticized for scaremongering earlier, so there was a lack of appropriate warning/action. The government and military were focused on other issues. A crucial map showing risk areas was not widely disseminated, and helicopters were limited. Villagers were wrongly told not to worry, delaying or discouraging early evacuation. Lack of roads and bridges also hindered rapid rescue and relief efforts.

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Year 9 Geography Independent Learning Revision PDF

Description

This quiz covers important topics in Year 9 Geography, focusing on development indicators, plate tectonics, and volcanic disasters. It includes various revision methods such as creating revision cards and mind maps. Prepare yourself for the assessment by reviewing these key concepts and principles.

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