16 Questions
What is the main role of the Circulatory System?
To transport nutrients and oxygen to all organs and body systems
Define Metabolism.
The process of converting consumed nutrients into energy, building up cells and tissues.
Diffusion involves the movement of particles from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
False
The __________ system removes leftover waste from broken down consumables.
Excretory
Match the following organs to their respective systems:
Liver, Stomach, Large and Small Intestine = Digestive System Heart, Blood Vessels = Circulatory System Skull, Ribs, Pelvis, Sternum = Skeletal System Abdomen, Biceps, Glutes, Chest = Muscular System
What is the variable that is changed in a scientific investigation?
Independent Variable
What is the variable that is measured in a scientific investigation?
Dependent Variable
What are variables that are kept constant in a scientific investigation?
Control Variables
How can accuracy be ensured in scientific measurements?
Calibrate instruments, repeat measurements
How can reliability be ensured in scientific experiments?
Repeat experiments, use consistent methods
How can validity be ensured in a scientific experiment?
Proper controls, clear hypothesis, appropriate methodology
What are some ways to stay safe in scientific investigations?
Wear protective gear, follow instructions carefully, handle chemicals and equipment properly
What is the process to identify the days with the most pushups from a graph?
Identify the highest point on the graph
How is the average number of pushups calculated?
Total pushups divided by number of days
Ideal Temperature for Clam Growth: Identify ______ clam growth temperature.
peak
Difference in Growth at 15°C: Subtract number of clams from ______.
number of shrimps
Study Notes
Topic 1: Introduction to Body Systems
Body Systems Table
- Respiratory system: provides oxygen and removes carbon dioxide, involves lungs, oesophagus, and mouth
- Digestive system: breaks down nutrients from food and liquids, involves liver, stomach, large and small intestine
- Circulatory system: transports nutrients and oxygen, involves heart, blood vessels
- Excretory system: removes waste, involves kidneys, bladder, urethra
- Skeletal system: provides structure, protects vital organs, involves skull, ribs, pelvis, sternum
- Muscular system: enables movement, involves abdomen, biceps, glutes, chest
Order of Complexity in Organisms
- Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Organism
Topic 2: Coordinated Function of Body Systems
Muscular and Skeletal Systems
- Muscular system provides movement and strength, protects bones
- Skeletal system gives structure to muscles, enables movement
Excretory System
- Removes waste after digestive system breaks down nutrients
- Involves kidneys, bladder, urethra, and muscular system
Metabolism
- Definition: process of converting nutrients into energy, building cells and tissues
- Cellular respiration: metabolic process converting glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water
- Word equation: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)
- Body systems involved: circulatory, respiratory
- TEEL paragraph example: Body systems work together to produce energy, e.g., muscular, skeletal, digestive, circulatory, and respiratory systems
Topic 3: Peripheral Nervous System
PNS
- Definition: part of nervous system outside brain and spinal cord
- Components: nerves, ganglia
- Main role: connects CNS to limbs and organs
Message Transmission
- Electrical signals: via neurons
- Chemical signals: via neurotransmitters
Neurons
- Definition: cells that transmit nerve impulses
- Types: sensory, motor, interneurons
- Neural pathway: sensory receptor → sensory neuron → CNS → motor neuron → effector
- Structure functions: dendrites receive signals, cell body processes signals, axon transmits signals, synapse releases neurotransmitters
Stages of Nerve Impulse
- Resting potential: neuron at rest
- Depolarization: sodium ions enter neuron
- Repolarization: potassium ions exit neuron
- Refractory period: neuron returns to resting state
Reflexes
- Definition: automatic responses to stimuli
- Example: withdrawing hand from hot object
- Reflex arc: sensory neuron → interneuron → motor neuron
- Difference in pathways: reflexes bypass brain for quicker response
- Importance: protects body from harm
... (remaining topics will be summarized in the next response)
Revision quiz for Year 9 Biology students covering body systems, including respiratory and digestive systems.
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