Year 9 Biology Semester 1 Exam Revision

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Questions and Answers

What is the main role of the Circulatory System?

To transport nutrients and oxygen to all organs and body systems (correct)

To provide oxygen into the body and excrete carbon dioxide out

To break down necessary nutrients from consumed foods and liquids

To remove leftover waste from previously broken down consumables

Define Metabolism.

The process of converting consumed nutrients into energy, building up cells and tissues.

Diffusion involves the movement of particles from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

False

The __________ system removes leftover waste from broken down consumables.

Excretory Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organs to their respective systems:

Liver, Stomach, Large and Small Intestine = Digestive System Heart, Blood Vessels = Circulatory System Skull, Ribs, Pelvis, Sternum = Skeletal System Abdomen, Biceps, Glutes, Chest = Muscular System Signup and view all the answers

What is the variable that is changed in a scientific investigation?

Independent Variable Signup and view all the answers

What is the variable that is measured in a scientific investigation?

Dependent Variable Signup and view all the answers

What are variables that are kept constant in a scientific investigation?

Control Variables Signup and view all the answers

How can accuracy be ensured in scientific measurements?

Calibrate instruments, repeat measurements Signup and view all the answers

How can reliability be ensured in scientific experiments?

Repeat experiments, use consistent methods Signup and view all the answers

How can validity be ensured in a scientific experiment?

Proper controls, clear hypothesis, appropriate methodology Signup and view all the answers

What are some ways to stay safe in scientific investigations?

Wear protective gear, follow instructions carefully, handle chemicals and equipment properly Signup and view all the answers

What is the process to identify the days with the most pushups from a graph?

Identify the highest point on the graph Signup and view all the answers

How is the average number of pushups calculated?

Total pushups divided by number of days Signup and view all the answers

Ideal Temperature for Clam Growth: Identify ______ clam growth temperature.

peak Signup and view all the answers

Difference in Growth at 15°C: Subtract number of clams from ______.

number of shrimps Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Topic 1: Introduction to Body Systems

Body Systems Table

Respiratory system: provides oxygen and removes carbon dioxide, involves lungs, oesophagus, and mouth
Digestive system: breaks down nutrients from food and liquids, involves liver, stomach, large and small intestine
Circulatory system: transports nutrients and oxygen, involves heart, blood vessels
Excretory system: removes waste, involves kidneys, bladder, urethra
Skeletal system: provides structure, protects vital organs, involves skull, ribs, pelvis, sternum
Muscular system: enables movement, involves abdomen, biceps, glutes, chest

Order of Complexity in Organisms

Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Organism

Topic 2: Coordinated Function of Body Systems

Muscular and Skeletal Systems

Muscular system provides movement and strength, protects bones
Skeletal system gives structure to muscles, enables movement

Excretory System

Removes waste after digestive system breaks down nutrients
Involves kidneys, bladder, urethra, and muscular system

Metabolism

Definition: process of converting nutrients into energy, building cells and tissues
Cellular respiration: metabolic process converting glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water
Word equation: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)
Body systems involved: circulatory, respiratory
TEEL paragraph example: Body systems work together to produce energy, e.g., muscular, skeletal, digestive, circulatory, and respiratory systems

Topic 3: Peripheral Nervous System

PNS

Definition: part of nervous system outside brain and spinal cord
Components: nerves, ganglia
Main role: connects CNS to limbs and organs

Message Transmission

Electrical signals: via neurons
Chemical signals: via neurotransmitters

Neurons

Definition: cells that transmit nerve impulses
Types: sensory, motor, interneurons
Neural pathway: sensory receptor → sensory neuron → CNS → motor neuron → effector
Structure functions: dendrites receive signals, cell body processes signals, axon transmits signals, synapse releases neurotransmitters

Stages of Nerve Impulse

Resting potential: neuron at rest
Depolarization: sodium ions enter neuron
Repolarization: potassium ions exit neuron
Refractory period: neuron returns to resting state

Reflexes

Definition: automatic responses to stimuli
Example: withdrawing hand from hot object
Reflex arc: sensory neuron → interneuron → motor neuron
Difference in pathways: reflexes bypass brain for quicker response
Importance: protects body from harm

... (remaining topics will be summarized in the next response)

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Description

Revision quiz for Year 9 Biology students covering body systems, including respiratory and digestive systems.