Year 10 Construction

The Construction Lifecycle

• The construction lifecycle includes six stages: extraction of raw materials, manufacturing, construction, operations and maintenance, demolition, and disposal, reuse, or recycling.
• Infrastructure is defined as the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for a successful development.
• Examples of infrastructure include water supply, roads, and facilities like airports, bridges, and power stations.

The Construction Lifecycle Stages

• Extraction of Raw Materials: The first stage of the construction lifecycle, where raw materials are harvested from the natural environment to be processed and used in construction activities.
• Manufacturing: The second stage, where raw materials are processed into more practical forms that can be used in construction activities.
• Construction: The third stage, where materials are used to build structures, and includes land preparation, utilizing materials, plant, and labor to carry out building work.
• Operations and Maintenance: The fourth stage, where the built environment is maintained, and services are provided to ensure the safety and efficiency of the structures.
• Demolition: The fifth stage, where a building is taken down, and materials are removed or safely disposed of.
• Disposal, Reuse, or Recycle: The sixth stage, where materials are either disposed of in landfills, recycled into new materials, or saved and reused in other activities.

Infrastructure Examples

• Aviation: Includes airports, air traffic control, heliports, and ground facilities.
• Telecommunications: Includes telegraph, telephone, radio, television, and closed computer networks.
• Waste Management: Includes waste disposal and recycling facilities.
• Water: Includes water supply systems, pipe systems, water treatment plants, and dams.
• Bridges: Includes suspension bridges, arch bridges, and draw bridges.
• Power and Energy: Includes power stations, the national grid, solar panel fields, wind farms, and hydroelectric dams.
• Roadways: Includes motorways, dual carriageways, private roads, and road maintenance.
• Railways: Includes railroads, train stations, and subway tunnels.
• Recreational Facilities: Includes pools, playgrounds, football fields, tennis courts, parks, and youth clubs.### Infrastructure
• Waste management is a key factor in keeping a population healthy
• Waste management includes:
  • Building and maintaining sewer systems
  • Building and maintaining septic systems
  • Waste treatment plants
• Telecommunications infrastructure includes:
  • Telegraph facilities
  • Radio
  • Telephone
  • Closed computer networks
• Aviation infrastructure includes:
  • Airports
  • Helipads
  • Air traffic control systems
• Water infrastructure includes:
  • Water treatment plants
  • Pipe systems
  • Dams
  • Bridges
• Recreational infrastructure includes:
  • Pools
  • Playgrounds
  • Football fields
  • Tennis courts
  • Parks
  • Youth clubs

Economic, Social, and Environmental Impacts

• Infrastructure can have positive or negative impacts on:
  • Economy (e.g. creating jobs, increasing tourism, attracting investors)
  • Society (e.g. increasing sense of community, decreasing crime)
  • Environment (e.g. increasing pollution, improving life quality, ensuring sustainability)

Power and Energy Infrastructure

• Examples include:
  • Power stations
  • National grid
  • Solar panel fields
  • Wind farms
  • Hydroelectric dams
  • Pylons
  • Electrical lines