Year 10 Biology Practice Exam - Genetics
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Questions and Answers

In humans, what is the probable genetic makeup of a brown-eyed man who marries a blue-eyed woman and has all brown-eyed children?

  • BB, bb, Bb (correct)
  • Bb, bb, bb
  • Bb, bb, BB
  • BB, bb, BB

The genotype Bb results in blue eyes.

False (B)

What pairs with guanine (G) according to the base pairing rule?

Cytosine (C)

DNA structure is best described as a __________.

<p>double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for an organism with two identical alleles for a trait?

<p>Homozygous Dominant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of chromosomes with their description:

<p>XX = Female sex chromosomes XY = Male sex chromosomes BB = Homozygous Dominant bb = Homozygous Recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are present in human sex cells?

<p>23 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transcription refers to the process of copying the DNA message.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of translation?

<p>Reading the genetic codes to make amino acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of offspring with dimpled cheeks would result from two non-dimpled individuals mating?

<p>0% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes do human skin cells contain?

<p>46 chromosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of straight-fingered chimpanzees would you expect from a heterozygous straight (Ss) mating with a homozygous bent (ss)?

<p>50% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phenotype of an allele describes its genetic characteristics.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complementary base pairs match with the sequence GATC when filling in the empty lines?

<p>CTA2</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of producing gametes that contain half the number of chromosomes is called ______.

<p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following genetic terms with their descriptions:

<p>Allele = Different forms of a gene Genotype = The genetic makeup of an individual Phenotype = The observable traits of an organism Homozygous = Two identical alleles for a trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Brown eyes dominance

Brown eyes are a dominant trait in humans over blue eyes.

Bb genotype

A heterozygous genotype for eye color, resulting in brown eyes (as brown is dominant).

bb genotype

A homozygous recessive genotype for eye color, resulting in blue eyes.

Nucleotide components

Nucleotides are composed of a base, a phosphate group, and a sugar.

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Base Pairing Rule (G)

Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).

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Base Pairing Rule (A)

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T).

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Homozygous Dominant

Having two identical dominant alleles (e.g., BB).

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Homozygous Recessive

Having two identical recessive alleles (e.g., bb).

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Translation (Genetics)

The process of using genetic code to build proteins.

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Dimpled Cheeks (Genetics)

A dominant trait; a person with this trait has dimples on their cheeks.

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Human skin cells' chromosomes

Human skin cells contain 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs.

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Straight Fingers (Chimpanzees)

A dominant trait for finger shape in chimpanzees.

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Phenotype (Genetics)

The observable traits expressed by an organism.

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Complementary DNA bases

A, T, C, and G are complementary pairs forming the DNA structure.

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Meiosis

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number to half.

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Gametes

Sex cells (sperm or egg) produced in meiosis with half the original chromosome number.

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Study Notes

Year 10 Biology Practice Exam - Study Notes

  • Genetics and Eye Color: Brown eye color is dominant over blue. A brown-eyed man and a blue-eyed woman having all brown-eyed children suggest a Bb genotype for the father and a bb genotype for the mother (Bb, bb, BB).

  • Genotype to Phenotype: A genotype of Bb, where B represents brown eyes and b represents blue eyes, results in brown eyes.

  • Genotype to Phenotype 2: A genotype of bb, where B represents brown eyes and b represents blue eyes, results in blue eyes.

  • Nucleotides: Nucleotides are composed of bases, phosphate, and sugar.

  • Base Pairing Rules: Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C), and Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T).

  • Homozygous vs. Heterozygous:

    • If two alleles are the same (e.g., BB or bb), it is called homozygous.
    • If two alleles are different (e.g., Bb), it is called heterozygous.
      -Homozygous Dominant (BB) -Homozygous Recessive (bb)
  • Human Chromosomes:

    • Human body cells have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
    • Sex cells (gametes) have 23 chromosomes.
    • Female sex chromosomes are XX.
    • Male sex chromosomes are XY.
  • DNA Structure: DNA is a double helix.

  • Transcription: The process of copying DNA to make RNA.

  • Translation: The process of decoding RNA to produce a protein.

  • Offspring Traits: If two dimpled-cheek parents mate, theoretically, 75% of the offspring would have dimpled cheeks, and 25% would be non-dimpled.

  • Guinea Pig Coat Color: Black coat color (B) is dominant over brown (b). Different combinations of the genotype result in different phenotypes.

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Test your understanding of genetics with this Year 10 Biology practice exam. The quiz covers topics such as genotypes, phenotypes, homozygous vs. heterozygous traits, and base pairing rules. Prepare effectively for your exam by reviewing these important concepts in genetics.

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