Year 10 Biology Practice Exam

In humans, what is the probable genetic makeup of a brown-eyed man who marries a blue-eyed woman and has all brown-eyed children?

The genotype Bb results in blue eyes.

What pairs with guanine (G) according to the base pairing rule?

DNA structure is best described as a __________.

What is the term used for an organism with two identical alleles for a trait?

Match the types of chromosomes with their description:

How many chromosomes are present in human sex cells?

Transcription refers to the process of copying the DNA message.

What is the definition of translation?

What proportion of offspring with dimpled cheeks would result from two non-dimpled individuals mating?

How many chromosomes do human skin cells contain?

What percentage of straight-fingered chimpanzees would you expect from a heterozygous straight (Ss) mating with a homozygous bent (ss)?

The phenotype of an allele describes its genetic characteristics.

What complementary base pairs match with the sequence GATC when filling in the empty lines?

The process of producing gametes that contain half the number of chromosomes is called ______.

Match the following genetic terms with their descriptions:

Year 10 Biology Practice Exam - Study Notes

Genetics and Eye Color: Brown eye color is dominant over blue. A brown-eyed man and a blue-eyed woman having all brown-eyed children suggest a Bb genotype for the father and a bb genotype for the mother (Bb, bb, BB).
Genotype to Phenotype: A genotype of Bb, where B represents brown eyes and b represents blue eyes, results in brown eyes.
Genotype to Phenotype 2: A genotype of bb, where B represents brown eyes and b represents blue eyes, results in blue eyes.
Nucleotides: Nucleotides are composed of bases, phosphate, and sugar.
Base Pairing Rules: Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C), and Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T).
Homozygous vs. Heterozygous:
- If two alleles are the same (e.g., BB or bb), it is called homozygous.
- If two alleles are different (e.g., Bb), it is called heterozygous.
  -Homozygous Dominant (BB) -Homozygous Recessive (bb)
Human Chromosomes:
- Human body cells have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
- Sex cells (gametes) have 23 chromosomes.
- Female sex chromosomes are XX.
- Male sex chromosomes are XY.
DNA Structure: DNA is a double helix.
Transcription: The process of copying DNA to make RNA.
Translation: The process of decoding RNA to produce a protein.
Offspring Traits: If two dimpled-cheek parents mate, theoretically, 75% of the offspring would have dimpled cheeks, and 25% would be non-dimpled.
Guinea Pig Coat Color: Black coat color (B) is dominant over brown (b). Different combinations of the genotype result in different phenotypes.

Test your understanding of genetics with this Year 10 Biology practice exam. The quiz covers topics such as genotypes, phenotypes, homozygous vs. heterozygous traits, and base pairing rules. Prepare effectively for your exam by reviewing these important concepts in genetics.