Year 10 Applied Trigonometry

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Questions and Answers

The ratio of a side to the sine of the opposite angle in a triangle is ______, according to the sine rule.

constant

In a right-angled triangle, 'Co' in the cosine indicates the ______ of sine, highlighting their complementary relationship.

complement

In trigonometry, 3-dimensional problems involving right-angled triangles are solved using ______ and angles of elevation and depression.

bearings

A sine function is redefined in terms of the unit circle to allow angle calculations beyond the typical acute angles, especially for ______ angles.

<p>negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

When graphing trigonometric functions, the ______ represents the number of complete cycles within a 360-degree interval.

<p>frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ambiguity in the sine rule arises when solving for an angle, because the sine function yields the same value for an acute angle and its ______ supplement.

<p>obtuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cosine rule is employed to determine an ______ or a missing angle when all three sides are known.

<p>unknown</p> Signup and view all the answers

Understanding trigonometric graphs typically involves analyzing characteristics, such as distance between mean position and peaks or troughs, technically known as the ______.

<p>amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cotangent, cosecant, and secant are trigonometric ratios that are each defined as the ______ of the primary ratios: tangent, sine, and cosine, respectively.

<p>reciprocal</p> Signup and view all the answers

When applying the sine rule or cosine rule, it’s essential to recognize whether the problem involves the ______ case, where multiple triangle solutions are possible given the provided conditions.

<p>ambiguous</p> Signup and view all the answers

While using trigonometry to graphically represent functions, the ______ describes the count complete waveform repetitions across a specified interval.

<p>frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

Comprehending the implications of the ambiguous case necessitates recognizing that a single sine value corresponds to both an acute angle, $\theta$, and its ______ $\180 - \theta$, within the range of $0^\circ$ to $180^\circ$.

<p>supplement</p> Signup and view all the answers

The determination of an unknown side in a triangle using the cosine rule mandates accurate applications in surveying; it generally involves knowing lengths on both adjacent sides alongside their ______ enclosed between them.

<p>angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

For harmonic analysts graphing the wave function, recognizing its parameters like peaks, troughs, axis distances is key and for these functions, the 'distance between mean position $&$ peak' gets classified technically as the ______.

<p>amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering trigonometric functions, the term 'reciprocal' implies that functions such as the cotangent, secant and cosecant are defined as the reverse operation when you apply ______ on respectively their corresponding functions.

<p>division</p> Signup and view all the answers

Applicable in contexts featuring angular ambiguity, the sine rule yields multiple solutions primarily by accepting sine valued correspondences to a given angle and its ______, which are numerically equivalent.

<p>supplement</p> Signup and view all the answers

A crucial step when determining missing dimensions lies in the application of cosine rules, given they necessitate specifying adjacent sides to their ______ side's angle.

<p>enclosed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Analyzing aspects such as wavelength, displacement and signal power requires expertise, and in trig functions, measuring displacement from stability represents ______.

<p>amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

Solving three-dimensional problems using trigonometric functions necessitates incorporating both bearings and ______, which are defined as angles with relative orientations to that observed.

<p>inclinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sine, cosine and tangent have inverses known as cosecant, secant and cotangent trigonometric ratios which relate to the ______ of angles in triangles.

<p>sides</p> Signup and view all the answers

Graphs using trigonometry for finding out properties like periodicity or symmetry, often involves determining points which describes the functions properties in terms of complete cycles; this is the ______.

<p>frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

In certain geometric situations the sine demonstrates ambiguity around possible solution triangles, this case occurs in conditions when non restricted conditions are related to values which gives more than one triangle due to angles addition with its ______.

<p>supplement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Missing sides lengths of an oblique angled triangles require knowing more criteria if trigonometric functions are involved, specifically the adjacent sides to their included relationship angles when employing what is known by experts as the ______.

<p>cosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using harmonic properties requires analyzing crest and trough relationships, trigonometric function descriptions necessitate careful mean observation to analyze properties, such harmonic ______.

<p>oscillations</p> Signup and view all the answers

The tangent, the sine, and its counterpart the cosine, demonstrates properties as the most commonly defined ones, reciprocal relationships involve what is known as trigonometric functions: cosecant, secant and ______.

<p>cotangent</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ambiguous case occurs when the sine function can yield two different angles for the same value, particularly when the given information does not uniquely define a single triangle due ambiguous angular addition via ______.

<p>supplement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using function properties is key in applications of triangles' analysis, one in particular application is knowing sides and angles in function form; this uses cosine, such an use needs to be adjacent to their related length through the ______ angle between them.

<p>included</p> Signup and view all the answers

Signal analysis requires advanced signal interpretation, involving oscillations such as when describing wave intensities, these wave distances requires measuring from that static state which is technically the wave's intensity, also known as in technical jargon as the ______.

<p>amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

Solving real landscape surveying often incorporate both landscape orientation such as 'bearings', and another property to triangles such as those to solve 3D problems; this is known as inclinations or more commonly 'angles of ______'.

<p>elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sine, cosine and tangent each possesses an inverse relation known as Cosecant, Secant and Cotangent as trigonometric ratios which correlate the ______ of angles in right triangles.

<p>length</p> Signup and view all the answers

Interpreting periodicity needs trigonometric graph interpretations; these function's graphs involves parameter determination to define shape, symmetry involves complete cycles through what analysts technically calls the ______.

<p>frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

Since trigonometric functions rely on calculating geometric positions, it is important to ensure conditions give unique conditions, therefore if two solutions exist through ambiguity they typically involve relating conditions for where a non limited angle through sine describes supplements, better known as ______.

<p>angular</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describing missing sides in situations require trigonometric function utilisation such as knowing sides and more functions , and such an exercise requires relating angles in trigonometric form related to trigonometric rule specifically of cosine, wherein two adjacent sides their included what surveyors technical calls ______.

<p>length</p> Signup and view all the answers

When engineers describe ocean waves it requires both the period, and length, of the sine wave pattern to calculate its displacement forces and if one does, static-to-peak point displacements are characterized via analysis with ______.

<p>amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

Recognizing common properties about triangles involve relationships between sides and their function orientations; using 'trigonometry' or functions known as sine, tangent and relationships with geometry by using cosecant, secant and ______.

<p>cotangent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sine properties gives conditions that lead to multiple situations due where there exist more than just geometrical descriptions of possible angled description, these happens when relationships between angular, and sine functions relates the function in form where description describes conditions when trigonometric situations by nature gives angular ______.

<p>supplement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Because measurements with sides for triangles require certainties in calculations trigonometric properties such if evaluating for triangles the length of a missing side with certain condition, the use demands what geometry specialists require is what's named from trigonometric function knowns as cosine that functions together requiring sides ______.

<p>length</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mechanical properties and oscillating phenomena which describes from base condition in a sine pattern; where mechanical or ocean waves for example, in sine's wave configuration are at its displacement or oscillating state, these peak relations are technically known as the wave's ______.

<p>amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the formula for cosec A?

cosec A = opposite/hypotenuse

What is the formula for sec A?

sec A = adjacent/hypotenuse

What is the formula for cot A?

cot A = adjacent/opposite

What is the sine of a supplementary angle?

sin A = sin(180° – A)

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What is the cosine of a supplementary angle?

cos A = -cos(180° – A)

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What is the tangent of a supplementary angle?

tan A = -tan(180° – A)

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How do sine and cosine relate for complementary angles?

sin A = cos(90° – A)

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How do cosine and sine relate for complementary angles?

cos A = sin(90° – A)

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What happens when you add 360° to an angle's trig ratios?

sin(360° + θ) = sin θ, cos(360° + θ) = cos θ, tan(360° + θ) = tan θ

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How do trig ratios change when adding 180° to an angle?

sin(180° + θ) = -sin θ, cos(180° + θ) = -cos θ, tan(180° + θ) = tan θ

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Adding Law: What are the ratios for 180° - θ?

sin(180° - θ) = sin θ, cos(180° - θ) = -cos θ, tan(180° - θ) = -tan θ

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What are the trig ratios for negative angles?

sin(-θ) = -sin θ, cos(-θ) = cos θ, tan(-θ) = -tan θ

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What is the sine rule?

a/sin A = b/sin B = c/sin C

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What is the cosine rule?

a² = b² + c² - 2bc cos A

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What is the formula for area via sine rule?

A = 0.5 * ab * sin(C)

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What is "ambiguous case"?

A case where using the sine rule results in two possible triangles

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Study Notes

  • This is a mathematics document for Year 10 students.
  • It contains a topic summary and exercises for Applied Trigonometry.
  • References are made to ICE-EM Mathematics Third Edition 10 & 10A, and MATHSCAPE 10.

Symbols Used

  • N represents the set of natural numbers.
  • Z represents the set of integers.
  • Q represents the set of rational numbers.
  • R represents the set of real numbers.
  • ✔ means "for all."

Learning intentions & outcomes

  • Review Year 9 trigonometry.
  • Establish reciprocal ratios:
    • csc A = 1 / sin A
    • sec A = 1 / cos A
    • cot A = 1 / tan A
  • Use the unit circle to define trigonometric functions graphically.
  • Redefine sine and cosine ratios using the unit circle.
  • Graph sine, cosine, and tangent functions for any angle using graphing applications.
  • Verify that the tangent ratio is the sine ratio divided by the cosine ratio.
  • Establish and apply trigonometric relationships using the unit circle or graphs:
    • sin A = sin(180° – A)
    • cos A = -cos(180° – A)
    • tan A = -tan(180° – A)
  • These relationships are for obtuse angles where 0° < A ≤ 90°.
  • Solve trigonometric equations using relationships between supplementary and complementary angles along with exact values.
  • Derive and apply exact sine, cosine, and tangent ratios for 30°, 45°, and 60° angles.
  • Determine possible acute or obtuse angles from a given trigonometric ratio.
  • Verify and use relationships between sine and cosine ratios in right-angled triangles:
    • sin A = cos(90° – A)
    • cos A = sin(90° – A)

Content/Learning Intentions

  • Sketch graphs of y = a sin(ωt), y = a cos(ωt), and y = a tan(ωt).
    • Discuss the frequency, period, and amplitude, and include negative angles.
  • Apply sine, cosine, and area rules to any triangle for solving related problems.
  • Use graphing applications to verify the sine rule:
    • a / sin A = b / sin B = c / sin C
    • Ratios of a side to the sine of the opposite angle is a constant for a given triangle.
  • Apply the sine rule in a given triangle to find the value of an unknown side or angle (excluding the ambiguous case).
  • Use graphing apps to check the cosine rule c² = a² + b² - 2ab cos C.
  • Apply the cosine rule for finding unknown sides in a given triangle.
  • Rearrange the cosine rule to deduce cos C = (a² + b² - c²) / 2ab to find unknown angles.
  • Apply the area rule A = (1/2)ab sin C, where a and b are sides forming angle C, to find a given triangle's area.
  • Solve problems by selecting and applying the appropriate rule to find unknown angles or sides in triangles.
  • Learn to find angles involving the ambiguous case by applying the sine rule and area rule.
  • Apply Pythagoras' theorem to solve problems involving lengths of edges/diagonals of rectangular prisms and 3D objects.
  • Use trigonometry to solve problems involving right-angled triangles in 3D, including bearings and angles of elevation/depression.

Trigonometric Ratios

  • In relation to the angle marked θ:
    • sin θ = a/c
    • cos θ = b/c
    • tan θ = a/b
  • cos(90° - θ) = a/c
  • sin(90° - θ) = b/c
  • "Co" in cosine indicates the "of sine."
  • Reciprocal Ratios:
    • cosec θ = 1/sin θ
    • sec θ = 1/cos θ
    • cot θ = 1/tan θ
  • "Co" in cosecant/cotangent indicates the "of secant/tangent."

Laws/Results

  • sin(360° + θ) = sin θ

  • cos(360° + θ) = cos θ

  • tan(360° + θ) = tan θ

  • Adding one 360° will not alter the ratios.

  • sin(180° + θ) = -sin θ

  • cos(180° + θ) = -cos θ

  • tan(180° + θ) = tan θ

  • Adding 180° places P into the third quadrant.

  • All ratios except tan θ change signs.

  • sin(180° - θ) = sin θ

  • cos(180° - θ) = -cos θ

  • tan(180° - θ) = -tan θ

  • Subtracting from 180° places P into the second quadrant.

  • Only sin θ does not change signs.

  • sin(-θ) = -sin θ

  • cos(-θ) = cos θ

  • tan(-θ) = -tan θ

  • Negating θ places P into the fourth quadrant.

  • Only cos θ does not change signs.

Find One Ratio

  • Draw a correct diagram, depicting the angle in the appropriate quadrant.
  • Do NOT use a calculator to evaluate the pronumeral.

Trigonometric Graphs

  • For y = a sin nx and y = a cos nx:
    • Amplitude: Distance between the mean equilibrium position and the peak/trough.
    • n: Number of complete appearances between 0° and 360°.
    • Period: Number of degrees before the graph repeats itself.
  • For y = a tan nx:
    • n: Number of complete appearances between -90° and 90°.
    • Period: Number of degrees before the graph repeats itself.

Sine Rule

  • The sine rule (as opposed to sine ratio): a/sin A = b/sin B = c/sin C, where a is opposite to angle A etc.
  • Works on all triangles, not just right-angled triangles.
  • Use pairs of the equality.
  • Use sine rule to find the size of the angle.
  • In â–³ABC, the greater side will be opposite to the greater angle.
  • In â–³ABC, the smaller side will be opposite to the smaller angle.

Ambiguous case

  • Occurs when an unknown angle is to the smaller side, with the sum of angles being less than 180°.

Cosine Rule

  • The cosine rule (as opposed to cosine ratio) in â–³ABC:
    • a² = b² + c² - 2bc cos A - to find an angle
    • cos A = (b² + c² - a²)/2bc - to find a side
  • Works on all triangles, not just right angled triangles. Used to find:
    • an angle when all 3 sides are known
    • a side, when two other sides and the included angle are known

Area via Sine Rule

  • A = (1/2)ab sin C, where ∠C is the included angle between side lengths a and b.

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