Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a required element in an XHTML page?
Which of the following is NOT a required element in an XHTML page?
What is the correct way to close an XHTML tag?
What is the correct way to close an XHTML tag?
Which of the following is an example of an attribute?
Which of the following is an example of an attribute?
What is the purpose of a DOCTYPE declaration in XHTML?
What is the purpose of a DOCTYPE declaration in XHTML?
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What is the purpose of XHTML tags?
What is the purpose of XHTML tags?
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Which of the following is an example of a valid XHTML element?
Which of the following is an example of a valid XHTML element?
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What is the main difference between an opening and a closing tag in XHTML?
What is the main difference between an opening and a closing tag in XHTML?
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Why are quotation marks required around attribute values in XHTML?
Why are quotation marks required around attribute values in XHTML?
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What is the primary consideration when determining a website's purpose and goals?
What is the primary consideration when determining a website's purpose and goals?
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What is the key challenge facing web designers regarding the look of the final product?
What is the key challenge facing web designers regarding the look of the final product?
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Which of these elements contributes to the fast loading speed of a website?
Which of these elements contributes to the fast loading speed of a website?
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Why is it essential to use alternate text labels for images on a website?
Why is it essential to use alternate text labels for images on a website?
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How are Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) beneficial in website design?
How are Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) beneficial in website design?
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What is the essential first step in creating a successful website?
What is the essential first step in creating a successful website?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for website design?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for website design?
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What is the significance of 'alternate text labels' in web design?
What is the significance of 'alternate text labels' in web design?
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What is the primary function of animations on a website?
What is the primary function of animations on a website?
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Which of the following is NOT a question to consider when determining the suitability of an animation on a website?
Which of the following is NOT a question to consider when determining the suitability of an animation on a website?
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What type of website animation is most likely to capture user attention?
What type of website animation is most likely to capture user attention?
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Which of the following best describes the purpose of animated GIFs?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of animated GIFs?
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Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using animated GIFs on a website?
Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using animated GIFs on a website?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of animation or effect discussed in the provided text?
Which of the following is NOT a type of animation or effect discussed in the provided text?
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Which of the following is a potential advantage of using DHTML for animations?
Which of the following is a potential advantage of using DHTML for animations?
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If a website designer aims to create highly interactive, data-driven animations, which of the following methods would be the most suitable choice?
If a website designer aims to create highly interactive, data-driven animations, which of the following methods would be the most suitable choice?
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Which of the following is NOT a supplemental navigation link typically included in web pages?
Which of the following is NOT a supplemental navigation link typically included in web pages?
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What is the purpose of a site map?
What is the purpose of a site map?
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What is the main function of a hyperlink?
What is the main function of a hyperlink?
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Which of the following statements is TRUE about the role of the home page in a website?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the role of the home page in a website?
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What is the primary purpose of wireframing?
What is the primary purpose of wireframing?
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What is the primary reason for choosing the MP3 format for audio files on the web?
What is the primary reason for choosing the MP3 format for audio files on the web?
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Which of the following methods allows web visitors to listen to media before it is fully downloaded?
Which of the following methods allows web visitors to listen to media before it is fully downloaded?
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What is the most suitable method for delivering large video files to website visitors?
What is the most suitable method for delivering large video files to website visitors?
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How can the file size of video files be reduced?
How can the file size of video files be reduced?
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Which of the following is NOT a key consideration when choosing an audio file format for the web?
Which of the following is NOT a key consideration when choosing an audio file format for the web?
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What is the main purpose of podcasts concerning media files?
What is the main purpose of podcasts concerning media files?
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What does embedding media on a website involve?
What does embedding media on a website involve?
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Which of the following describes the process of creating a hyperlink to access media files?
Which of the following describes the process of creating a hyperlink to access media files?
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What is the purpose of encoding software when working with media files?
What is the purpose of encoding software when working with media files?
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When embedding a sound file on a webpage, what is the purpose of the <audio>
tag?
When embedding a sound file on a webpage, what is the purpose of the <audio>
tag?
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What is the recommended approach for playing a sound file on a webpage to avoid automatic playback?
What is the recommended approach for playing a sound file on a webpage to avoid automatic playback?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended way to place a sound file on a webpage?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended way to place a sound file on a webpage?
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Which of the following statements about embedding a sound file on a web page is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about embedding a sound file on a web page is TRUE?
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Which of the following is the MAIN advantage of using a hyperlink to place a sound file on a webpage?
Which of the following is the MAIN advantage of using a hyperlink to place a sound file on a webpage?
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If a sound file is embedded on a webpage and the autoplay
attribute is set to false
, what will happen when the page loads?
If a sound file is embedded on a webpage and the autoplay
attribute is set to false
, what will happen when the page loads?
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Which of the following BEST describes the difference between embedding a sound file and providing a hyperlink to it on a webpage?
Which of the following BEST describes the difference between embedding a sound file and providing a hyperlink to it on a webpage?
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Flashcards
HTML Tags
HTML Tags
Tags that define elements in HTML, enclosed in angle brackets.
HTML Elements
HTML Elements
Parts of an HTML document that are defined by tags, such as headings or paragraphs.
Attributes in HTML
Attributes in HTML
Properties that provide additional information about an element, consisting of name and value.
Opening and Closing Tags
Opening and Closing Tags
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Empty Elements
Empty Elements
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DOCTYPE Declaration
DOCTYPE Declaration
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Nesting Elements
Nesting Elements
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Lowercase in XHTML
Lowercase in XHTML
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Wireframing
Wireframing
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Home Page
Home Page
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Navigation Link
Navigation Link
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Search Function
Search Function
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Site Map
Site Map
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Animated GIFs
Animated GIFs
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Advantages of Animated GIFs
Advantages of Animated GIFs
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Disadvantages of Animated GIFs
Disadvantages of Animated GIFs
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Types of Animations
Types of Animations
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DHTML
DHTML
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CSS3 Animations
CSS3 Animations
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Canvas in Animation
Canvas in Animation
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SVG in Animation
SVG in Animation
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Website Planning
Website Planning
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Site Structure
Site Structure
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Content Development
Content Development
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Web Design Differences
Web Design Differences
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Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
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Color Selection
Color Selection
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Image Optimization
Image Optimization
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Accessibility Features
Accessibility Features
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Encoding Software
Encoding Software
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Streaming Media
Streaming Media
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Embedding Sound Files
Embedding Sound Files
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Hyperlinking Sound
Hyperlinking Sound
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Autoplay
Autoplay
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HTML5 Audio Player
HTML5 Audio Player
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Control Attribute
Control Attribute
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W3C Standards
W3C Standards
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Choosing audio file format
Choosing audio file format
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MP3 file format
MP3 file format
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Downloading media
Downloading media
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Embedding media
Embedding media
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Hyperlink for media
Hyperlink for media
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Podcasts
Podcasts
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Video streaming vs downloading
Video streaming vs downloading
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Study Notes
Chapter 13: Web Development
- Web development encompasses all processes behind website creation, focusing on how websites work and considering performance and capacity.
- Web developers write the code and script, focusing on website functionality.
- Web development methods include writing all code for a site, using website building programs, and using template websites or weblog programs (e.g., WordPress.)
- Websites must be hosted on a web server to be accessible online.
- The Universal Resource Locator (URL) is the unique address of a website and the domain name suffix indicates the site type (e.g., .com for commercial, .org for organizations.)
- Key considerations during web development include goals, audience needs, the kind of information, service, or product offered, the development process, and the site's hosting location. Other factors include: the domain name, who develops the site, site content maintenance, timeline for development, and security procedures.
Learning Outcomes
- Explain the difference between web development and web design.
- Explain various website development methods.
- List three important web development considerations.
- Describe the functions of common coding tags.
- Explain the challenge of web development.
- Explain how web developers meet the needs of universal access.
- Write correct code.
- Explain the differences between HTML, XHTML, and HTML5 elements and their use.
Introduction to Web Development
- Web development involves all the processes behind a website.
- Developers focus on website functionality and consider factors like performance and capacity.
Methods of Developing Websites
- Web developers can code an entire website.
- Some companies employ website-building programs.
- Template websites and blogging platforms like WordPress are also used.
Hosting a Website
- To be accessible, a website must be hosted on a web server.
- The URL is the website's address.
- A domain name, a unique name for the website, becomes part of the URL.
- Domain name suffixes (e.g., .com, .org) indicate a website's category.
Considerations for Web Development
- Website goals
- User needs
- Information, services, or products offered
- Development process
- Site hosting location
- Domain name
- Developer
- Content maintenance
- Development timeline
- Security measures
Writing Code for Web Development
- HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is used to create web pages.
- A browser is a program for viewing web pages.
- HTML files differ in universal constancy compared to PDF files.
- Different web browsers might display web pages differently.
Inside HTML
- HTML translates text and graphics into readable web pages.
- XHTML is an HTML variant with more stringent rules and options.
- HTML5, a later standard, isn't universally supported across all browsers and devices.
- Tags identify elements in an HTML file and instruct browsers on how they should appear on the page.
- Elements define the structure and content of a web page.
- Attributes provide extra information about HTML elements.
XHTML Basics
- Web pages have fundamental components, starting with the tag, followed by and
. - Many tags appear in pairs (opening and closing tags).
- A forward slash (/) indicates a closing tag.
- Some tags do not require closing tags (empty elements).
XHTML Basics (cont.)
- XHTML has diverse tags covering various functions.
- XHTML conventions include using DOCTYPE declarations, requiring elements like , ,
, and , demanding that elements be closed, nesting them correctly, writing elements and attributes in lowercase, and putting attribute values within quotation marks.
XHTML Basics (cont.)
- Learn XHTML coding by examining source code, focusing on simple pages and understanding the effects created by different codes.
- Use online tutorials to learn about XHTML tags.
The Ethics of Copying Code
- Consider how much code you borrow before it's no longer your own.
- When using code, it is important to respect and recognize innovative techniques and credit their originators.
- Evaluate whether code borrowing hinders or encourages creativity, innovation, and new ideas.
Web and Text Editing Software
- Web editors create HTML automatically, while simple text editors provide more flexibility for focusing on code.
- Writing HTML in a plain text editor provides focused, detailed code understanding and manipulation.
- Some Web editors offer "WYSIWYG" (What You See Is What You Get,) displays, showing results instantly for users in a code-friendly editing form with visual interaction.
- These editing tools provide functionality options for creating visual and interactive features in web pages.
Web and Text Editing Software (cont.)
- Text editing software offers a WYSIWYG interface, which is an advantage.
- Most web editors come with two panels: one showing code and another showing the visual representation on a browser.
Web and Text Editing Software (cont.)
- Web editors provide tools for creating different effects in web pages, including page backgrounds, text formatting in multiple sizes and colors, wraparound text, graphics with horizontal lines, bulleted lists, rollover images, image maps, drop-down menus, and option buttons, input forms, and links.
- Checking for compatibility with various browsers is also critical.
Web and Text Editing Software (cont.)
- Key considerations when evaluating web editors include templates, media, interactive elements (like HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript), and tables or DIV tags.
Obstacles to Universal Access
- Accessibility limitations arise from varying technologies.
- User display devices (e.g., screen sizes, resolution, colors) and browser types and speeds can affect website use.
Obstacles to Universal Access (cont.)
- Website issues, such as download speeds and large file sizes, impact the user's experience.
- Browser compatibility issues can prevent specific functions or formatting commands from working correctly across various web browsers.
Obstacles to Universal Access (cont.)
- Mobile device users will need different standards based on their display sizes, download speeds, and browser types to allow website access.
Obstacles to Universal Access (cont.)
- Accessibility needs to consider conditions like impaired vision, difficulty hearing, and color blindness.
Obstacles to Universal Access (cont.)
- The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has guidelines for accessibility.
Ensuring Access by Using XHTML
- Employ XHTML to promote clear, organized code that meets established quality standards, and using validation helps users to verify that their coding conforms to required standards.
- To publish a completed website, securely host it on a web server to be accessed online by users.
Ensuring Access by Using XHTML (cont.)
- Understand the process for publishing websites with secure web servers.
- Know the risks involved with hackers.
- Understand file transfer protocol (FTP.) Use FTP to transfer files across networks to upload webpages to a web server and keep website files.
Key Concepts
- Web developers and designers have different roles.
- Web developers code website functionality, while designers concentrate on interface, appearance, and graphics.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- XHTML and HTML5 are languages to show content on a website.
- These languages are interpreted by various browsers to display the website.
- The code for a web page is contained within
<body>
tags.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- Use source code to understand how web pages are designed so that webpages have a design that you prefer.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- Understand how the technology of smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices affects website design and use considerations.
- Understand how W3C guidelines for websites make a website accessible to various users.
- Understand how XHTML and HTML5 coding help to create standard webpages that are accessible to users on different devices.
Chapter 14: Web Design
- Websites are collections of linked web pages. Content is central to website design.
- Understanding the target audience is essential, for which considerations include the users' product or services needs.
Planning Content
- Begin planning websites by setting goals. Define who the audience is and what products or services will be available.
- Initial ideas are jotted down for content and features.
- The site map and outlines help to organize the overall structure.
- Hyperlinks or site maps are frequently used to navigate webpages.
Planning Content (cont.)
- Wireframing is a design task blueprint that helps to design the page structure.
- The main page of a website is the home page.
- A navigation link guides site visitors through web pages.
- Search features and site maps help visitors find information.
Planning Content (cont.)
- Hyperlinks use text or objects to link other webpages.
What Works for You?
- Browsing existing successful websites provides valuable insights for constructing your own site.
Creating Content
- Web content should be clear, concise, and focused.
- Web content should be tailored to the specific audience.
- Information should be concise on opening pages, and more detailed content placed on inner pages.
Creating Content (cont.)
- Refined text is well organized, clear, and provides the information the audience needs. Content should reflect the needs of the audience to ensure understanding of the topic.
Getting Approval
- Clients have the final say on website content and structure.
- Obtain client approvals at every stage to ensure the design meets their expectations.
- Showcase the wireframe or organization plan to clients before developing the website content.
Organizing and Naming Website Files
- Create a separate file for each web page.
- Follow conventions, using lowercase letters, hyphens or underscores instead of spaces, and keywords or descriptions for the page content.
Web Design Versus Print Design
- Compared to print design, web design offers less control over the final appearance.
- Websites must accommodate and adapt to browser variations.
- Site design elements and tools are different from print design.
- Website users have different attitudes and expectations from print products.
Organizing Web Pages
- The top area of a web page typically contains the company's or organization's logo, name, and key navigation functions.
- The bottom sections often contain copyright information, a site map, and contact details.
- The main area of a web page displays the website's content and graphics.
Organizing Web Pages (cont.)
- Tables were used in the past, but tags are now commonly used to divide web page content.
- Tables can still be used effectively for numerical content.
Using Templates
- A template is a file containing common elements for all web pages (master page).
- Templates have common areas that don't change on each page, and an open area for unique content.
Using Design Elements
- Coherent design helps establish a company identity..
- Visitors expect a clear purpose and function when visiting a company website.
- Use clear and legible design elements/tools for the site to maintain readability.
Using Design Elements (cont.)
- Typography choices (font types) affect the overall site; use font options suitable for each visitor to ensure proper readability and clarity.
- Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) can be an effective way to style fonts consistently.
Using Design Elements (cont.)
- Consider both foreground and background colors to provide good contrast and improve readability, and use a hexadecimal number for various color coding combinations.
Using Design Elements (cont.)
- Utilize interactive elements (login boxes, radio buttons) and special effects (icons, visual animations) to enhance the user experience, with an emphasis on readability for a better and less distracting user experience.
Saving Images for Web Pages
- Bitmap graphics tend to have large files which can make the page load slower to download.
- Using program editing software to size bitmap images before saving is optimal.
- Using a resolution of 72 pixels per inch (DPI) ensures clarity on most monitors.
- Compressing images can reduce file sizes but some image quality will be compromised.
Saving Images for Web Pages (cont.)
- High compression reduces file sizes for quicker website loading, but quality may be reduced, depending on the type of compression settings.
Placing Images on Web Pages
- Web editors often automatically insert images and let users format them based on relation and space to text, and to add alternate text.
Placing Images on Web Pages (cont.)
- Thumbnails are smaller versions of bigger images that speed up image loading times as they allow users to choose if they want to see the bigger image.
Placing Images on Web Pages (cont.)
- Rollovers are images or text changed by a user's cursor over or click on an image or text, such as a logo or banner.
Chapter 5.3 Web Animation
- Animated GIFs are a simple way to create animations on a website that include moving images that occur in a succession.
- Web animation tools are used to attract customers, demonstrate product details, introduce special offers, or emphasize specific content on a webpage.
- Consider the effect of the animation on the site and if it is used properly; it should not detract from the overall page purpose or intent.
Animated GIFs Basics
- Simple animated GIFs are composed of multiple still images played in a rapid succession to evoke movement (path animation, warping, morphing.)
- Frames/states are the still images that make up the animated GIF.
- Looping plays animation frames repeatedly to stretch the duration and presentation.
- Tweening is a computer-managed process of changing images for smooth animation.
Animated GIFs Basics (cont.)
- Webpage animations use frames to create smooth animation sequences to make the animation appear continuous and smooth.
Animated GIFs Basics (cont.)
- Tweening is a computer process of controlling gradual changes to images to create movement.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Animated GIFs
- Animated GIFs are easy to create, resulting in graphics that incorporate solid colors and text.
- The disadvantage is that they have limited color palettes (usually 256 colors) and can have large file sizes, leading to slow download times.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Animated GIFs (cont.)
- Optimization choices to create smaller GIFs include using fewer colors, having fewer frames, and placing the animation on a smaller canvas.
Saving Animated GIFs
- GIF animators come in a variety of formats (GIF files, JPEGs, other editable raster files, or videos.)
- Webpages can typically embed the GIF file directly into the webpage, or it can be hosted by a server and linked to the page with an
img src
tag.
Types of Animations and Effects
- Animations fall into three categories: two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D), and stop motion.
- Stop-motion animations involve small physical objects repositioned frame by frame to create movement.
Types of Animations and Effects (cont.)
- Banners can include text that moves around a webpage or disappears and reappears.
Dynamic HTML
- Dynamic HTML (DHTML) uses XHTML to create animated text and image effects.
- Users experience site changes without needing to refresh or reload the page.
Dynamic HTML (cont.)
- A great advantage of DHTML is that it does not use large file sizes; it loads as quickly as any XHTML file.
JavaScript and Its Use
- JavaScript is a programming language to enhance website interactivity.
- JavaScript code within HTML pages changes the content or appearance based on user actions.
- This includes using actions from the mouse, searches, popups, or forms.
JavaScript (cont.)
- JavaScript follows XHTML coding rules (e.g., case sensitivity, quotation marks).
- JavaScript groups statements into curly braces for simultaneously executed actions.
JavaScript (cont.)
- JavaScript can create interactive elements like rollovers (changing images or text when hovering over them) or dialog boxes.
CSS3
- CSS3 is an advanced version of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets).
- CSS3 features modules, improving completion time and enabling animations of webpage elements without relying on JavaScript.
- Keyframes are often used for animation within CSS3 code.
HTML5 Canvas and SVG
- HTML5 code animation is rendered directly on the webpage.
Key Concepts
- Webpage animations are used by businesses to attract customers, demonstrate products, or introduce new offers.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- Animated GIFs are simple animations based on graphics in tools like image editing programs.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- Animation style programs combine images called frames or states, using the tweening process to add additional frames to reduce image load time.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- Animations can be two-dimensional or three-dimensional, or use stop motion to create effects.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- Static animation, similar to an animated banner, starts and stops at specific points; stateful animation, for instance, triggers changes when the user moves a cursor or interacts with an object, and dynamic animation relies on user action to initiate changes.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- Dynamic HTML uses XHTML code to influence how content is presented.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- JavaScript, as a scripting language, enhances webpage interactivity by enabling real-time responses to user actions. Website interaction is sped up without impacting the webpage load time.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- CSS3 is an advanced style sheet to enhance page design, and can create animations within webpages, replacing the need for other programming languages like Java Script.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- HTML5, with its
canvas
element, and scalable vector graphics (SVG), offers the potential for dynamic, two-dimensional (or three-dimensional) animations, allowing more flexibility and creativity compared to traditional animation methods.
Chapter 16: Web Media
Audio File Formats
- Lossless compression files, WAV and AIFF formats, are copies of the original sound.
- They are used for archiving and as master copies.
Audio File Formats (cont.)
- Lossy compression files reduce data size (MP3, WMA, AAC, RM.
- Lossy compression means some sound quality is sacrificed to reduce file size.
Audio File Formats (cont.)
- Use a lossy compression method to minimize download time for audio files when posting on a webpage.
Streaming or Downloading
- Streaming allows media files to begin playing before they're downloaded.
- Encoding software converts file formats for different browsers and use methods to stream media.
Placing Sound on the Page
- Embed sound files directly into a web page.
- Use hyperlinks to a sound file stored on a web server.
- HTML5 (
Placing Sound on the Page (cont.)
- Autoplay feature in embeddable sound files plays as soon as the page loads.
- Users should use simple audio controls to help manage sound file interaction.
Placing Sound on the Page (cont.)
- Hyperlinks allow user control of audio file play/pause.
Do You Want to Hear Music?
- Users are the first consideration during webpage design to incorporate music on a page; if it is not appealing, it is advisable to omit the music to allow users to engage with the webpage.
Video
- HTML5's
- Quicktime is an alternative used for browsers that do not support the
Creating Podcasts
- Podcasting delivers downloadable audio or video files via the internet.
- Podcasts resemble radio or television shows from the past.
Creating Podcasts (cont.)
- Downloaded podcasts offer flexibility in when they play and on which devices they're played.
Podcasts, Blogs, and Shared Media Sites
- Podcast, social networking, and media sharing sites are popular because of sharing features and ability to invite users to interact.
Podcasts and XML
- XML (eXtensible Markup Language), a markup language that carries data packets, is used for podcasting; it describes how the data should be displayed on various devices.
Podcasts and XML (cont.)
- XHTML code combines XML with HTML content formatting.
- XSLT transforms XML data to create an aesthetically appealing format.
Steps in Creating a Podcast
- Steps to create a podcast involve planning, creating the media file, saving the file, posting it, and inviting subscribers.
Steps in Creating a Podcast (cont.)
- Create a focused and organized media file. Be prepared prior to recording and organize microphone use to avoid sound distractions. Include the relevant audience. Consider a consistent format and time when producing a podcast.
Steps in Creating a Podcast (cont.)
- Save the file in various formats (e.g., MOV (QuickTime), .WMV (Windows Media Player) .MPE4 for widespread compatibility and efficiency.)
Steps in Creating a Podcast (cont.)
- Post the file to a web server through either a dedicated server or a media hosting service.
Steps in Creating a Podcast (cont.)
- Invite subscribers to your podcast to receive notifications from your podcast or website that has frequently changing content through RSS feed.
Chapter 17: Web Standards
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
- W3C helps to develop and manage standards for the web; their standards ensure that websites are displayed consistently across different browsers and screen types.
Ensuring Access
- A growing need is to make websites easily used and understood by everyone. The W3C and Section 508 guidelines focus on these accessibility features for website construction and design.
Ensuring Access (cont.)
- W3C standards are multifaceted efforts, including website accessibility guidelines (WAI) that produce guidelines, resources, and tools for evaluating accessibility through website use by diverse people with or without disabilities.
Ensuring Access (cont.)
- The WCAG, a set of recommendations for accessibility for the web, strives to make websites perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust in how they are designed.
Ensuring Access (cont.)
- Assistive technology, such as screen readers, helps people with disabilities navigate and access websites.
Section 508
- Section 508 guidelines are similar to W3C standards but apply only to federal agencies to ensure accessibility.
Website Testing
- Using code validators, web editors allow users to test their website code to ensure compliance with various standards (markup language, Cascading style sheets, and other features, like mobile technology and RSS or Atom subscription feeds.)
Testing for Accessibility
- A checklist is available to identify and correct accessibility issues that affect a website's usability, such as those related to color contrast, text, graphics, and other components in the design.
Web Conventions
- Consistent website design conventions are expected by users for elements like copyright, update dates, home page navigation, email links, and telephone number details.
- The use of FAQs is typical for providing commonly asked questions' answers.
- Consistent and standard use of underlined text for hyperlinks, with color contrast and other standards, can keep the site consistent.
Are Conventions Worth Following?
- Consistent conventions improve user experience.
- Users experience frustration when navigating a website that is not easy to use.
Evaluating Websites
- Checklists help evaluate website content and design to identify and correct problematic aspects.
Getting Found
- Effective websites benefit from advertising in print or other media to increase the site's visibility.
How Search Engines Work
- Search engines index websites based on keywords.
How Search Engines Work (cont.)
- Search engine software continuously searches and indexes different webpages based on words to link to a website and the content richness of the site.
How Search Engines Work (cont.)
- Employing well-designed HTML, clear URLs, sitemaps and descriptive titles, and keywords helps websites to appear higher in search results.
How Search Engines Work (cont.)
- Using the Robot Exclusion Protocol, administrators can prevent search engine spiders from indexing parts of their website.
Enhancing Search Results
- Optimization improves website ranking in search results.
- Techniques used include signing up with webmasters' tools, choosing relevant keywords, creating high-quality website content, and sharing on other websites.
- SEO consultants may be hired to increase traffic.
Web Analytics
- Get insight into your website through analytics tools such as Google Analytics (and Bing tools), which show total site traffic/visitors by day, week, and month, and the average time visitors spend on a webpage.
- Analytics tools provide data on traffic sources, visitor actions, bounce rates, and sales/purchase behavior.
Key Concepts
- The key role of W3C is developing final standards for the web, receiving feedback and comments from stakeholders (developers and business owners) to create a reliable, accessible, and functional online presence.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- Website accessibility is crucial to support diverse users of differing abilities and disabilities.
- WCAG, a set of guidelines developed by the W3C, focuses on making websites perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- Section 508 in the Rehabilitation Act (U.S. Federal Government) sets standards for government-linked websites.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- Web sites create conventions: users have specific expectations of website attributes like copyright date, update date, links to the home page, the email addresses, FAQs on the website, and the use of underlines to identify hyperlinks.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- To gain search engine recognition and a high ranking, focus on website content quality with effective keywords.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- Use web analytics to understand website usage trends and optimize content for better user engagement.
Topic 7.1 Electronic Collaboration
Email
- Electronic communication transmits data between electronic devices.
- Email electronically sends messages to one or more recipients, including attachments such as photos, audio recordings, or videos.
- Email clients manage user email accounts.
- Internet Service Providers (ISPs) provide email through the internet.
Email (cont.)
- Web-based/cloud email accounts, such as Gmail/Yahoo, are accessible online.
Discussion Threads
- A post on an online forum is a published message.
- A discussion thread is a connected chain of messages on a common topic.
Cell Phones and Texting
- Cell phones are used for text messages (SMS) (Short Message Service).
Texting (cont.)
- Text messages are short, typed messages sent between two or more cell phones or other electronic devices, limited to 160 characters.
- Text messages can be shortened by using abbreviations or acronyms.
Cloud Computing
- Cloud computing delivers shared data via the internet; it is used to store, retrieve, edit, and share information, and is accessible from any device with internet access.
- Document, photo, video synchronization, and email are accessible from different devices accessing the cloud.
File Sharing
- Sending files as email attachments is a rudimentary form of file sharing; using online file-sharing services is a better, more efficient alternative.
- Online file sharing allows for user participation in project reviews.
Wikis
- Wikis are websites that allow users to create and edit content collaboratively.
- Some companies and universities use wikis to improve communication and collaboration among staff.
- Wikis can support project collaboration, learning promotion, and information sharing.
LinkedIn
- LinkedIn is a popular social networking site for professionals, with online profiles including work history, education, relevant experiences, and contact information.
Facebook
- Facebook allows users to broadcast and share personal information with other users via a central newsfeed.
- Using Facebook allows for public, accessible, personal information sharing with others.
Social Media Considerations
- Social media is a useful tool for sharing information, photos, and thoughts/ideas; information on social media can be seen by potential employers.
Twitter
- Twitter combines social networking with texting.
- Messages (tweets) sent through Twitter are broadcast to a list of followers.
- Twitter allows businesses to quickly share content/information to the public.
- Tweets are a way for both individuals and businesses to post updates and comments to a public feed.
Twitter (cont.)
- Tweets are sent and received through devices (phones, laptops, computers, etc.) or other ways to engage with the Twitter platform.
- Users can post updates and respond to messages on a Twitter platform.
Videoconferencing
- Videoconferencing provides face-to-face communication between individuals located in different places in real time.
- Saves time and money by avoiding travel costs and can be useful for meetings across time zones.
Videoconferencing Preparation
- Familiarize yourself with the videoconferencing tools prior to the meeting; understand the equipment and program/software to avoid delays.
- Prepare ahead, including a copy of the presentation and agenda.
Videoconferencing (Sound & Movement)
- Maintain clear verbal and visual communications to create a successful conference.
- Use normal speech volume and proper microphone settings to avoid unusual or distracting sounds in recordings or broadcasts.
- Physical movements should be minimal during the videoconference to avoid unnecessary camera motions.
Videoconferencing (Visual)
- Visual aids, such as slide shows, webpages, and presentations, can be used during videoconferences.
- Utilize the software to enhance presentations and information sharing.
Considerations
- Videoconferencing system requirements include quality, multimedia needs, recording options, and the total number of attendees.
Key Concepts
- Electronic communication in forms like email and texting changed how people communicate with one another.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- File sharing and wikis are forms of cloud computing that can also synchronize and share files between many different devices.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- Social media sites (LinkedIn, Twitter, and Facebook) allow users to share information easily with those in their network, including broadcast statements and comments to a public page or display.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- Videoconferencing bridges the communication gap, offering a face-to-face communication medium for people in different locations.
Topic 7.2 Project Development Team
Stages of Team Development
- Teams go through four stages of development: Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing.
Stages of Team Development (cont.)
- Forming stage includes forming initial ideas and introducing roles; a leader should be available to answer questions.
Stages of Team Development (cont.)
- Conflict could arise during the storming stage of team development, but this conflict can be resolved with strong leadership; compromises help the team to function smoothly.
Stages of Team Development (cont.)
- Members agree to a common goal and understand roles during the norming phase, with the team developing a sense of unity.
- Team members may engage in more activities that strengthen unity and morale.
Stages of Team Development (cont.)
- The performing stage shows a team understanding its goals, requiring minimal leadership support, to enable the team to function independently and solve conflict well.
Team Charter
- A team charter defines the team's goals, values, approach, and response to handling tasks.
- Key questions for defining the team's activities include the team's purpose and structure, what the team plans to accomplish, how the team tracks progress, and how to address problems/ask questions.
Team Communications
- Robust communications are essential for successful team performance.
- Avoiding misunderstandings, ridicule, conflict, and differing opinions/thoughts among team members creates a smooth working environment.
Can't We All Just Get Along?
- Successfully functioning teams require that all team members embrace differences and find common ground for the overall success of the team objectives.
Team-Building Activities
- Team-building activities create opportunities for team members to interact, bond, and improve teamwork and communication.
- Activities can be simple, like sharing meals or playing games; or engaging in recognition of their contributions to help strengthen the team and increase cohesiveness/unity.
Team-Building Activities (cont.)
- Team meetings should be scheduled with defined beginning and ending times and outlined purposes.
Team-Building Activities (cont.)
- Team decisions should clearly outline the tasks, deadlines, impact on the team, involvement, and decision-making process.
Collaborative Tools
- Collaborative technology tools are necessary for teams to collaborate on projects and documents even when team members are not in the same physical location.
Role of the Client
- External clients, specific department teams, or team members are considered clients.
- Clients need to be available to respond to communication and feedback requests.
Role of Multimedia Development Team Members
- Team Leaders/Project Managers should define project roles and guide the projects' activities; they must also have excellent communication skills for working successfully with team members.
Role of Multimedia Development Team Members (cont.)
- Producers are responsible for project execution, establishing project links, and ensuring cohesiveness and professionalism.
Role of Multimedia Development Team Members (cont.)
- User interface designers specify how different multimedia content interacts with one another and the end users.
Role of Multimedia Development Team Members (cont.)
- Media specialists are responsible for creating project content, with various specializations. Specializations can include motion design, graphics, audio, videography, writing, and editing.
Role of Multimedia Development Team Members (cont.)
- Computer systems specialists guarantee user-friendly, functional projects, developing and understanding the computer architecture.
Role of Multimedia Development Team Members (cont.)
- Quality assurance analysts create guidelines to assess each project's technical standards. They test all content aspects to ensure all standards are met.
The Ethics of Conflict
- Conflicts can be used as opportunities; conflict arises when differences of opinion or approaches are presented; it is useful to be able to embrace these differences in ideas to increase problem-solving potential.
- It is important to be able to provide a neutral environment and for everyone to be able to present their perspectives and ideas without criticism of individuals' contributions.
Key Concepts
- Developing a project begins with defining a successful team through an initial team development/formation process.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- Effective and relevant team-building activities create cohesion among diverse individuals.
Key Concepts (cont.)
- Essential roles within a multimedia team include project management leadership, content creation, design input, and project support.
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Test your knowledge of XHTML with this quiz that covers essential elements, tag usage, attributes, and best practices in web design. Explore the purpose of DOCTYPE declarations and the significance of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) in creating effective websites. Perfect for students learning web development.