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Questions and Answers

Which field of study examines the immediate cause or mechanism that drives a behavior?

  • Ethology
  • Ultimate cause
  • Behavioral ecology
  • Proximate cause (correct)
  • What is the study of natural history of behavior called?

  • Behavioral ecology
  • Ethology (correct)
  • Ultimate cause
  • Proximate cause
  • Which individuals are considered the fathers of behavioral biology?

  • Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Ivan Pavlov
  • Nico Tinbergen, Conrad Lorenz, and Karl von Frisch (correct)
  • Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilei, and Johannes Kepler
  • Charles Darwin, Gregor Mendel, and Albert Einstein
  • What are innate behaviors with pre-set paths within the nervous system called?

    <p>Fixed action patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an area of research related to the division of labor within a society of animals?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a society in which only one individual gets to breed?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of cases where the behavior of predators has driven the behavior and morphology of other animals?

    <p>Mimicry and camouflage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What raises the question of whether females sometimes prefer features that males in their species don't even have?

    <p>Breeding preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of innate behavior triggered by a key sign stimulus?

    <p>Imprinting in goslings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of natural selection affecting behavior?

    <p>Nest-building behavior in lovebirds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene is responsible for determining maternal behavior in female mice?

    <p>FOSB gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of following the mother for survival in goslings?

    <p>To develop social skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field of study focuses on how genetics and environmental factors shape behavior in animals?

    <p>Behavioral genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is imprinting?

    <p>A response to a critical period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Von Frisch discover about honeybees?

    <p>The direction and distance information encoded in the dance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the FOSB gene in mice?

    <p>Activating enzymes and genes that affect neural circuitry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

    <p>Cats associating the sound of a can opener with food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate cause of animals running away when they see a predator?

    <p>Individuals breeding in spring being more successful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

    <p>Fish observing others to determine how to approach a novel object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of social groups in animals?

    <p>Greater protection from predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of learning does not require an animal to form an association between two stimuli or between a stimulus and a response?

    <p>Non-associative learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for learning that involves an association between two stimuli or between a stimulus and a response?

    <p>Associative learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of learning involves the association between a stimulus and a response?

    <p>Associative learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of associative learning mentioned in the text?

    <p>Classical conditioning and operant conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of learning leads to the evolution of aposematic coloration?

    <p>Avoidance by predators of brightly colored animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of the contribution that heredity or genetics makes to behavior called?

    <p>Behavioral genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following animals have been observed using tools?

    <p>Chimpanzees, otters, and ravens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of mimicry and camouflage in animals?

    <p>To deter predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do genes play in the development of behavior in animals?

    <p>Genes guide behavior development, but nurture and experiences also play a role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animals have been observed to show cognitive behavior and problem-solving skills?

    <p>Chimpanzees, ravens, and pigeons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Behavioral Ecology and Animal Cognition

    • Crests in birds are preferred by females and make males look bigger, even in species without crests.
    • Wide-eyed flies benefit in contests with wider eye stocks and have evolved extremely wide eye stocks.
    • Animals can show cognitive behavior, process information, and problem-solve, such as chimpanzees, ravens, and Japanese macaques.
    • Tool use is observed in chimpanzees, otters, and ravens.
    • Social systems in animals increase feeding success and protection from predators, such as in flocks of pigeons and insect societies.
    • Diet and predation shape social groups in vertebrates, similar to social insects.
    • Artificial selection can be used to study behavioral genetics and behaviors in animals, such as lab rats negotiating a maze.
    • Genes guide the development of behavior, but nurture and experiences also play a role.
    • Vasopressin affects pair bonding in prairie voles and the strength of marital bonds in human males.
    • Sexual dimorphism based on mating systems and behaviors is observed in many species.
    • Mimicry and camouflage have evolved to deter predators, such as caterpillars mimicking snake heads and moths resembling rubbish.
    • Acoustic biology studies factors affecting mating and alarm calls, with structure being similar for alarm calls and different for mating calls.

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    Test your knowledge on behavioral ecology and animal cognition with questions on mate choice, cognitive abilities, social systems, tool use, genetic influences, and more.

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