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Questions and Answers
What is a primary function of proteins in the body?
Which structural level of proteins refers to the overall three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide?
How do enzymes facilitate biochemical reactions?
What do hormones, a type of protein, primarily do in the body?
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In terms of protein function, what role does immune health play?
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Which of the following is NOT a main group of hormones as mentioned in the content?
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What happens when the body breaks down more protein than it can create?
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Which of the following best describes the role of proteins in balancing fluids in the body?
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Which of the following is NOT a primary function of protein in the body?
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Which type of protein is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood?
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What is a characteristic of high-protein foods mentioned?
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Which of the following meat options is suggested as a lean protein source?
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How much protein does a 3-ounce serving of cooked turkey breast provide?
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Which protein source is mentioned as providing omega-3 fatty acids?
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What is the approximate protein content of a 100 g serving of skinless chicken breast?
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Which type of protein plays a role in immune defense?
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What is the protein content in half a fillet of halibut?
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Which nutrient is NOT typically low in a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet?
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How much protein does one large egg contain?
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What is the primary purpose of whey protein powder?
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What characteristic of cottage cheese makes it nutritionally significant?
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What is a common use for nut butters?
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Which type of diet avoids both meat and eggs while including dairy products?
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Why is it important to read labels on whey protein powder?
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What is the primary function of albumin and globulin in the blood?
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What condition is characterized by fluid accumulation in the spaces between cells due to low protein levels?
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How do proteins contribute to immune health?
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What role does hemoglobin play in the body?
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What is the caloric value provided by protein per gram?
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Which of the following is a specific protein transporter that moves glucose?
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What happens to the production of antibodies after the first exposure to a pathogen?
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Which protein serves as a storage protein for iron in the body?
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Which food provides the highest amount of protein per 100 g?
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What is the protein content per cup in black beans?
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Which vegetable has the lowest protein content per cup?
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How much protein does one cup of chopped raw broccoli provide?
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Which of the following foods is rich in protein but low in calories?
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What is the protein content of one cup of raw oats?
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Which food contains about 7.61 g of protein per cup?
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Why should one read the label carefully for instant oatmeal?
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Study Notes
Overview of Protein
- Proteins are molecules composed of amino acids essential for body functioning.
- Primary roles include structural support, biochemical catalysts, hormones, enzymes, and immune function.
- Proteins are classified into four structural levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
Functions of Protein
- Supports growth and maintenance of tissues, balancing protein breakdown and usage.
- Enzymes, which are proteins, drive biochemical reactions critical for digestion, energy production, blood clotting, and muscle contraction.
- Functions as hormones to facilitate communication between cells, tissues, and organs, categorized into proteins, steroids, and amines.
- Maintains fluid balance in the body through proteins like albumin and globulin; deficiency can lead to swelling (edema) and conditions like kwashiorkor.
- Contributes to immune health by forming antibodies that protect against infections and help develop immunity.
- Transport proteins carry nutrients, oxygen, and other substances throughout the bloodstream, exemplified by hemoglobin and glucose transporters.
- Provides energy, containing four calories per gram, though carbs and fats are preferred energy sources.
Types of Proteins
- Transport Proteins: Includes hemoglobin and albumin, which facilitate nutrient transport.
- Structural Proteins: Examples include actin and keratin, contributing to body framework.
- Hormonal Proteins: Insulin and thyroxine fall under this category, regulating various physiological processes.
- Defense Proteins: Immunoglobulins serve protective roles against pathogens.
Low-Calorie, High-Protein Foods
- Recommended sources: Lean ground beef, skinless turkey, skinless chicken breast, egg whites, and low-fat dairy options.
High-Protein Foods
- Salmon: Contains around 39.3 g of protein per fillet (178 g).
- Chicken Breast: Provides around 22.5 g of protein per 100 g.
- Beef: Roughly 21.3 g of protein in a 3-ounce serving (85 g).
- Tuna: Offers about 20.3 g of protein per can (107 g).
- Pork: Around 19.1 g of protein in a 4 oz (113 g) serving.
- Turkey: About 25.6 g per 3 oz (85 g) serving.
- Halibut: Contains around 29.3 g of protein in half a fillet (159 g).
Vegetarian High-Protein Foods
- Eggs: Approximately 6.3 g of protein per large egg; versatile preparation options available.
- Cottage Cheese: Contains about 12.5 g of protein per 4 oz (113 g).
- Milk: Provides 8 g of protein per cup (244 g).
- Nut Butters: Quick protein addition, varying protein content based on type.
- Whey Protein Powder: Rich in protein, crucial for muscle mass; check for added sugars.
Vegan High-Protein Foods
- Black Beans: Around 15.2 g of protein per cup (172 g).
- Lima Beans: Approximately 11.9 g per cup (241 g).
- Cauliflower: Provides 2.05 g of protein per cup (107 g), low in calories.
- Broccoli: Contains about 2.57 g of protein per cup (91 g).
- Oats: Offers 10.7 g of protein per cup (81 g).
- Tempeh: Delivers 20.3 g of protein per 100 g, higher protein content than tofu.
- Sun-Dried Tomatoes: Contains around 7.61 g of protein per cup (54 g).
- Guava: A tropical fruit that also supplies protein, though in smaller amounts.
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