proteins

Questions and Answers

What is a primary function of proteins in the body?

Serving as the body's primary energy source

Acting as a biochemical catalyst (correct)

Regulating blood pressure

Improving digestion directly

Which structural level of proteins refers to the overall three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide?

Primary structure

Secondary structure

Quaternary structure

Tertiary structure (correct)

How do enzymes facilitate biochemical reactions?

By increasing the temperature of the reaction

By consuming energy during reactions

By binding to substrates and lowering the activation energy (correct)

By modifying the pH of the surrounding environment

What do hormones, a type of protein, primarily do in the body?

Aid in communication between cells, tissues, and organs Signup and view all the answers

In terms of protein function, what role does immune health play?

Proteins are crucial for producing antibodies and immune responses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a main group of hormones as mentioned in the content?

Saponins Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the body breaks down more protein than it can create?

It increases the body's protein needs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of proteins in balancing fluids in the body?

Proteins contribute to maintaining osmotic pressure in blood and tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of protein in the body?

Source of quick energy Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protein is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood?

Hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of high-protein foods mentioned?

They can be low-calorie options. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following meat options is suggested as a lean protein source?

Skinless chicken breast Signup and view all the answers

How much protein does a 3-ounce serving of cooked turkey breast provide?

25.6 g Signup and view all the answers

Which protein source is mentioned as providing omega-3 fatty acids?

Salmon Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate protein content of a 100 g serving of skinless chicken breast?

22.5 g Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protein plays a role in immune defense?

Immunoglobulins Signup and view all the answers

What is the protein content in half a fillet of halibut?

29.3 g Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is NOT typically low in a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet?

Protein Signup and view all the answers

How much protein does one large egg contain?

6.3 g Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of whey protein powder?

To increase muscle mass Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of cottage cheese makes it nutritionally significant?

It is high in protein and calcium Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use for nut butters?

Adding protein to meals and snacks Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diet avoids both meat and eggs while including dairy products?

Lacto-vegetarian Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to read labels on whey protein powder?

To identify added sugars and sweeteners Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of albumin and globulin in the blood?

To help maintain the body’s fluid balance Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by fluid accumulation in the spaces between cells due to low protein levels?

Kwashiorkor Signup and view all the answers

How do proteins contribute to immune health?

By forming antibodies to fight infections Signup and view all the answers

What role does hemoglobin play in the body?

It transports oxygen from the lungs to tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the caloric value provided by protein per gram?

4 calories Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a specific protein transporter that moves glucose?

GLUT Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the production of antibodies after the first exposure to a pathogen?

The antibodies can act immediately upon re-exposure Signup and view all the answers

Which protein serves as a storage protein for iron in the body?

Ferritin Signup and view all the answers

Which food provides the highest amount of protein per 100 g?

Tempeh Signup and view all the answers

What is the protein content per cup in black beans?

15.2 g Signup and view all the answers

Which vegetable has the lowest protein content per cup?

Chinese cabbage Signup and view all the answers

How much protein does one cup of chopped raw broccoli provide?

2.57 g Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is rich in protein but low in calories?

Broccoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the protein content of one cup of raw oats?

10.7 g Signup and view all the answers

Which food contains about 7.61 g of protein per cup?

Sun-dried tomatoes Signup and view all the answers

Why should one read the label carefully for instant oatmeal?

It often contains added sugars. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of Protein

Proteins are molecules composed of amino acids essential for body functioning.
Primary roles include structural support, biochemical catalysts, hormones, enzymes, and immune function.
Proteins are classified into four structural levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.

Functions of Protein

Supports growth and maintenance of tissues, balancing protein breakdown and usage.
Enzymes, which are proteins, drive biochemical reactions critical for digestion, energy production, blood clotting, and muscle contraction.
Functions as hormones to facilitate communication between cells, tissues, and organs, categorized into proteins, steroids, and amines.
Maintains fluid balance in the body through proteins like albumin and globulin; deficiency can lead to swelling (edema) and conditions like kwashiorkor.
Contributes to immune health by forming antibodies that protect against infections and help develop immunity.
Transport proteins carry nutrients, oxygen, and other substances throughout the bloodstream, exemplified by hemoglobin and glucose transporters.
Provides energy, containing four calories per gram, though carbs and fats are preferred energy sources.

Types of Proteins

Transport Proteins: Includes hemoglobin and albumin, which facilitate nutrient transport.
Structural Proteins: Examples include actin and keratin, contributing to body framework.
Hormonal Proteins: Insulin and thyroxine fall under this category, regulating various physiological processes.
Defense Proteins: Immunoglobulins serve protective roles against pathogens.

Low-Calorie, High-Protein Foods

Recommended sources: Lean ground beef, skinless turkey, skinless chicken breast, egg whites, and low-fat dairy options.

High-Protein Foods

Salmon: Contains around 39.3 g of protein per fillet (178 g).
Chicken Breast: Provides around 22.5 g of protein per 100 g.
Beef: Roughly 21.3 g of protein in a 3-ounce serving (85 g).
Tuna: Offers about 20.3 g of protein per can (107 g).
Pork: Around 19.1 g of protein in a 4 oz (113 g) serving.
Turkey: About 25.6 g per 3 oz (85 g) serving.
Halibut: Contains around 29.3 g of protein in half a fillet (159 g).

Vegetarian High-Protein Foods

Eggs: Approximately 6.3 g of protein per large egg; versatile preparation options available.
Cottage Cheese: Contains about 12.5 g of protein per 4 oz (113 g).
Milk: Provides 8 g of protein per cup (244 g).
Nut Butters: Quick protein addition, varying protein content based on type.
Whey Protein Powder: Rich in protein, crucial for muscle mass; check for added sugars.

Vegan High-Protein Foods

Black Beans: Around 15.2 g of protein per cup (172 g).
Lima Beans: Approximately 11.9 g per cup (241 g).
Cauliflower: Provides 2.05 g of protein per cup (107 g), low in calories.
Broccoli: Contains about 2.57 g of protein per cup (91 g).
Oats: Offers 10.7 g of protein per cup (81 g).
Tempeh: Delivers 20.3 g of protein per 100 g, higher protein content than tofu.
Sun-Dried Tomatoes: Contains around 7.61 g of protein per cup (54 g).
Guava: A tropical fruit that also supplies protein, though in smaller amounts.

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