proteins
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary function of proteins in the body?

  • Serving as the body's primary energy source
  • Acting as a biochemical catalyst (correct)
  • Regulating blood pressure
  • Improving digestion directly
  • Which structural level of proteins refers to the overall three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide?

  • Primary structure
  • Secondary structure
  • Quaternary structure
  • Tertiary structure (correct)
  • How do enzymes facilitate biochemical reactions?

  • By increasing the temperature of the reaction
  • By consuming energy during reactions
  • By binding to substrates and lowering the activation energy (correct)
  • By modifying the pH of the surrounding environment
  • What do hormones, a type of protein, primarily do in the body?

    <p>Aid in communication between cells, tissues, and organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of protein function, what role does immune health play?

    <p>Proteins are crucial for producing antibodies and immune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a main group of hormones as mentioned in the content?

    <p>Saponins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the body breaks down more protein than it can create?

    <p>It increases the body's protein needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of proteins in balancing fluids in the body?

    <p>Proteins contribute to maintaining osmotic pressure in blood and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary function of protein in the body?

    <p>Source of quick energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protein is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of high-protein foods mentioned?

    <p>They can be low-calorie options.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following meat options is suggested as a lean protein source?

    <p>Skinless chicken breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much protein does a 3-ounce serving of cooked turkey breast provide?

    <p>25.6 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein source is mentioned as providing omega-3 fatty acids?

    <p>Salmon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate protein content of a 100 g serving of skinless chicken breast?

    <p>22.5 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protein plays a role in immune defense?

    <p>Immunoglobulins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protein content in half a fillet of halibut?

    <p>29.3 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is NOT typically low in a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet?

    <p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much protein does one large egg contain?

    <p>6.3 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of whey protein powder?

    <p>To increase muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of cottage cheese makes it nutritionally significant?

    <p>It is high in protein and calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use for nut butters?

    <p>Adding protein to meals and snacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diet avoids both meat and eggs while including dairy products?

    <p>Lacto-vegetarian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to read labels on whey protein powder?

    <p>To identify added sugars and sweeteners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of albumin and globulin in the blood?

    <p>To help maintain the body’s fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by fluid accumulation in the spaces between cells due to low protein levels?

    <p>Kwashiorkor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do proteins contribute to immune health?

    <p>By forming antibodies to fight infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does hemoglobin play in the body?

    <p>It transports oxygen from the lungs to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the caloric value provided by protein per gram?

    <p>4 calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a specific protein transporter that moves glucose?

    <p>GLUT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the production of antibodies after the first exposure to a pathogen?

    <p>The antibodies can act immediately upon re-exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein serves as a storage protein for iron in the body?

    <p>Ferritin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food provides the highest amount of protein per 100 g?

    <p>Tempeh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protein content per cup in black beans?

    <p>15.2 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vegetable has the lowest protein content per cup?

    <p>Chinese cabbage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much protein does one cup of chopped raw broccoli provide?

    <p>2.57 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods is rich in protein but low in calories?

    <p>Broccoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protein content of one cup of raw oats?

    <p>10.7 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food contains about 7.61 g of protein per cup?

    <p>Sun-dried tomatoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should one read the label carefully for instant oatmeal?

    <p>It often contains added sugars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Protein

    • Proteins are molecules composed of amino acids essential for body functioning.
    • Primary roles include structural support, biochemical catalysts, hormones, enzymes, and immune function.
    • Proteins are classified into four structural levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.

    Functions of Protein

    • Supports growth and maintenance of tissues, balancing protein breakdown and usage.
    • Enzymes, which are proteins, drive biochemical reactions critical for digestion, energy production, blood clotting, and muscle contraction.
    • Functions as hormones to facilitate communication between cells, tissues, and organs, categorized into proteins, steroids, and amines.
    • Maintains fluid balance in the body through proteins like albumin and globulin; deficiency can lead to swelling (edema) and conditions like kwashiorkor.
    • Contributes to immune health by forming antibodies that protect against infections and help develop immunity.
    • Transport proteins carry nutrients, oxygen, and other substances throughout the bloodstream, exemplified by hemoglobin and glucose transporters.
    • Provides energy, containing four calories per gram, though carbs and fats are preferred energy sources.

    Types of Proteins

    • Transport Proteins: Includes hemoglobin and albumin, which facilitate nutrient transport.
    • Structural Proteins: Examples include actin and keratin, contributing to body framework.
    • Hormonal Proteins: Insulin and thyroxine fall under this category, regulating various physiological processes.
    • Defense Proteins: Immunoglobulins serve protective roles against pathogens.

    Low-Calorie, High-Protein Foods

    • Recommended sources: Lean ground beef, skinless turkey, skinless chicken breast, egg whites, and low-fat dairy options.

    High-Protein Foods

    • Salmon: Contains around 39.3 g of protein per fillet (178 g).
    • Chicken Breast: Provides around 22.5 g of protein per 100 g.
    • Beef: Roughly 21.3 g of protein in a 3-ounce serving (85 g).
    • Tuna: Offers about 20.3 g of protein per can (107 g).
    • Pork: Around 19.1 g of protein in a 4 oz (113 g) serving.
    • Turkey: About 25.6 g per 3 oz (85 g) serving.
    • Halibut: Contains around 29.3 g of protein in half a fillet (159 g).

    Vegetarian High-Protein Foods

    • Eggs: Approximately 6.3 g of protein per large egg; versatile preparation options available.
    • Cottage Cheese: Contains about 12.5 g of protein per 4 oz (113 g).
    • Milk: Provides 8 g of protein per cup (244 g).
    • Nut Butters: Quick protein addition, varying protein content based on type.
    • Whey Protein Powder: Rich in protein, crucial for muscle mass; check for added sugars.

    Vegan High-Protein Foods

    • Black Beans: Around 15.2 g of protein per cup (172 g).
    • Lima Beans: Approximately 11.9 g per cup (241 g).
    • Cauliflower: Provides 2.05 g of protein per cup (107 g), low in calories.
    • Broccoli: Contains about 2.57 g of protein per cup (91 g).
    • Oats: Offers 10.7 g of protein per cup (81 g).
    • Tempeh: Delivers 20.3 g of protein per 100 g, higher protein content than tofu.
    • Sun-Dried Tomatoes: Contains around 7.61 g of protein per cup (54 g).
    • Guava: A tropical fruit that also supplies protein, though in smaller amounts.

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