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Questions and Answers
What is a primary function of proteins in the body?
What is a primary function of proteins in the body?
- Serving as the body's primary energy source
- Acting as a biochemical catalyst (correct)
- Regulating blood pressure
- Improving digestion directly
Which structural level of proteins refers to the overall three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide?
Which structural level of proteins refers to the overall three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide?
- Primary structure
- Secondary structure
- Quaternary structure
- Tertiary structure (correct)
How do enzymes facilitate biochemical reactions?
How do enzymes facilitate biochemical reactions?
- By increasing the temperature of the reaction
- By consuming energy during reactions
- By binding to substrates and lowering the activation energy (correct)
- By modifying the pH of the surrounding environment
What do hormones, a type of protein, primarily do in the body?
What do hormones, a type of protein, primarily do in the body?
In terms of protein function, what role does immune health play?
In terms of protein function, what role does immune health play?
Which of the following is NOT a main group of hormones as mentioned in the content?
Which of the following is NOT a main group of hormones as mentioned in the content?
What happens when the body breaks down more protein than it can create?
What happens when the body breaks down more protein than it can create?
Which of the following best describes the role of proteins in balancing fluids in the body?
Which of the following best describes the role of proteins in balancing fluids in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of protein in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of protein in the body?
Which type of protein is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood?
Which type of protein is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood?
What is a characteristic of high-protein foods mentioned?
What is a characteristic of high-protein foods mentioned?
Which of the following meat options is suggested as a lean protein source?
Which of the following meat options is suggested as a lean protein source?
How much protein does a 3-ounce serving of cooked turkey breast provide?
How much protein does a 3-ounce serving of cooked turkey breast provide?
Which protein source is mentioned as providing omega-3 fatty acids?
Which protein source is mentioned as providing omega-3 fatty acids?
What is the approximate protein content of a 100 g serving of skinless chicken breast?
What is the approximate protein content of a 100 g serving of skinless chicken breast?
Which type of protein plays a role in immune defense?
Which type of protein plays a role in immune defense?
What is the protein content in half a fillet of halibut?
What is the protein content in half a fillet of halibut?
Which nutrient is NOT typically low in a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet?
Which nutrient is NOT typically low in a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet?
How much protein does one large egg contain?
How much protein does one large egg contain?
What is the primary purpose of whey protein powder?
What is the primary purpose of whey protein powder?
What characteristic of cottage cheese makes it nutritionally significant?
What characteristic of cottage cheese makes it nutritionally significant?
What is a common use for nut butters?
What is a common use for nut butters?
Which type of diet avoids both meat and eggs while including dairy products?
Which type of diet avoids both meat and eggs while including dairy products?
Why is it important to read labels on whey protein powder?
Why is it important to read labels on whey protein powder?
What is the primary function of albumin and globulin in the blood?
What is the primary function of albumin and globulin in the blood?
What condition is characterized by fluid accumulation in the spaces between cells due to low protein levels?
What condition is characterized by fluid accumulation in the spaces between cells due to low protein levels?
How do proteins contribute to immune health?
How do proteins contribute to immune health?
What role does hemoglobin play in the body?
What role does hemoglobin play in the body?
What is the caloric value provided by protein per gram?
What is the caloric value provided by protein per gram?
Which of the following is a specific protein transporter that moves glucose?
Which of the following is a specific protein transporter that moves glucose?
What happens to the production of antibodies after the first exposure to a pathogen?
What happens to the production of antibodies after the first exposure to a pathogen?
Which protein serves as a storage protein for iron in the body?
Which protein serves as a storage protein for iron in the body?
Which food provides the highest amount of protein per 100 g?
Which food provides the highest amount of protein per 100 g?
What is the protein content per cup in black beans?
What is the protein content per cup in black beans?
Which vegetable has the lowest protein content per cup?
Which vegetable has the lowest protein content per cup?
How much protein does one cup of chopped raw broccoli provide?
How much protein does one cup of chopped raw broccoli provide?
Which of the following foods is rich in protein but low in calories?
Which of the following foods is rich in protein but low in calories?
What is the protein content of one cup of raw oats?
What is the protein content of one cup of raw oats?
Which food contains about 7.61 g of protein per cup?
Which food contains about 7.61 g of protein per cup?
Why should one read the label carefully for instant oatmeal?
Why should one read the label carefully for instant oatmeal?
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Study Notes
Overview of Protein
- Proteins are molecules composed of amino acids essential for body functioning.
- Primary roles include structural support, biochemical catalysts, hormones, enzymes, and immune function.
- Proteins are classified into four structural levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
Functions of Protein
- Supports growth and maintenance of tissues, balancing protein breakdown and usage.
- Enzymes, which are proteins, drive biochemical reactions critical for digestion, energy production, blood clotting, and muscle contraction.
- Functions as hormones to facilitate communication between cells, tissues, and organs, categorized into proteins, steroids, and amines.
- Maintains fluid balance in the body through proteins like albumin and globulin; deficiency can lead to swelling (edema) and conditions like kwashiorkor.
- Contributes to immune health by forming antibodies that protect against infections and help develop immunity.
- Transport proteins carry nutrients, oxygen, and other substances throughout the bloodstream, exemplified by hemoglobin and glucose transporters.
- Provides energy, containing four calories per gram, though carbs and fats are preferred energy sources.
Types of Proteins
- Transport Proteins: Includes hemoglobin and albumin, which facilitate nutrient transport.
- Structural Proteins: Examples include actin and keratin, contributing to body framework.
- Hormonal Proteins: Insulin and thyroxine fall under this category, regulating various physiological processes.
- Defense Proteins: Immunoglobulins serve protective roles against pathogens.
Low-Calorie, High-Protein Foods
- Recommended sources: Lean ground beef, skinless turkey, skinless chicken breast, egg whites, and low-fat dairy options.
High-Protein Foods
- Salmon: Contains around 39.3 g of protein per fillet (178 g).
- Chicken Breast: Provides around 22.5 g of protein per 100 g.
- Beef: Roughly 21.3 g of protein in a 3-ounce serving (85 g).
- Tuna: Offers about 20.3 g of protein per can (107 g).
- Pork: Around 19.1 g of protein in a 4 oz (113 g) serving.
- Turkey: About 25.6 g per 3 oz (85 g) serving.
- Halibut: Contains around 29.3 g of protein in half a fillet (159 g).
Vegetarian High-Protein Foods
- Eggs: Approximately 6.3 g of protein per large egg; versatile preparation options available.
- Cottage Cheese: Contains about 12.5 g of protein per 4 oz (113 g).
- Milk: Provides 8 g of protein per cup (244 g).
- Nut Butters: Quick protein addition, varying protein content based on type.
- Whey Protein Powder: Rich in protein, crucial for muscle mass; check for added sugars.
Vegan High-Protein Foods
- Black Beans: Around 15.2 g of protein per cup (172 g).
- Lima Beans: Approximately 11.9 g per cup (241 g).
- Cauliflower: Provides 2.05 g of protein per cup (107 g), low in calories.
- Broccoli: Contains about 2.57 g of protein per cup (91 g).
- Oats: Offers 10.7 g of protein per cup (81 g).
- Tempeh: Delivers 20.3 g of protein per 100 g, higher protein content than tofu.
- Sun-Dried Tomatoes: Contains around 7.61 g of protein per cup (54 g).
- Guava: A tropical fruit that also supplies protein, though in smaller amounts.
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