30 Questions
Which of the following best describes central venous pressure (CVP)?
The pressure of blood in the vena cava as it returns deoxygenated to the heart
What does CVP indirectly reflect?
The amount of blood returning to the heart
Which chamber pressure is a major determinant of right ventricular end diastolic volume (RVEDV)?
Right atrium pressure
What is the mean pressure of the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)?
6 to 12 mmHg
What is the mean arterial pressure?
70 to 105 mmHg
Why is CVP a direct assessment of right ventricular filling pressure?
Because CVP directly measures the pressure in the right ventricle
What is the O2 saturation range in the right atrium?
65 to 80%
Which of the following factors affects venous return by altering venous pressure?
Pumping action of the heart
What is the reason for the paradoxical effect of gravity on venous return when a person stands up?
Decreased cardiac output
Which of the following is NOT an indication for central venous cannulation?
Suspected vena caval injury
Which of the following is a contraindication for central venous cannulation?
Infection at proposed site
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting venous return?
Arterial pressure
Which of the following is NOT a factor that differs among central venous catheters?
Number of channels
Which of the following is NOT a length of central venous catheters?
30 cm
Which of the following factors can INCREASE central venous pressure (CVP)?
Forced exhalation
Which of the following equations represents the correlation between right ventricular end-diastolic pressure (RVEDP) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP)?
LVEDP = 2RVEDP + 2
Which of the following factors can DECREASE CVP?
Shock
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting venous return?
Respiratory pump
Which of the following equations represents the relationship between venous pressure and venous return?
Venous return = venous pressure - right atrial pressure
Which of the following statements is true about central venous pressure (CVP)?
CVP is an indirect assessment of LV function
Which of the following factors can INCREASE venous return?
Sympathetic activation
Which one of these central venous access sites is associated with a lower risk for infection?
Subclavian Vein
Which central venous access site is associated with a low rate of severe mechanical complications in the intensive care unit?
Internal Jugular Vein
Which central venous access site has the advantage of easier access?
External Jugular Vein
Which central venous access site has a relatively short/direct pathway for the catheter?
Internal Jugular Vein
Which central venous access site is associated with a higher risk for infection and thrombosis?
Femoral Vein
Which central venous access site has the advantage of being readily available?
Femoral Vein
Which central venous access site has the advantage of greater ease of insertion in elderly patients with convoluted subclavian and jugular veins?
Femoral Vein
Which central venous access site has no risk of pneumothorax?
Antecubital Site
Which central venous access site has the advantage of bleeding from the site being more easily controlled in patients with coagulopathies or anticoagulation?
Antecubital Site
Test your knowledge on the factors influencing venous return and the effects of gravity on blood flow. Explore the pressure gradient between the infra- and supradiaphragmatic parts of the IVC and understand how it affects venous pressure in the limbs.
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