ETC Reviewer

When mitochondria are actively carrying out aerobic respiration

Which of the following is not true?

The pH of the mitochondria matrix is _____ the pH of the intermembrane space

Which of the following terms describes ATP synthesis in mitochondria?

The ultimate electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is

How many electrons are required for the complete reduction of one molecule of oxygen gas?

Which of the following statements concerning E for an electron-transfer reaction is false?

The reference reaction for determining reduction potentials (E=0) is the reduction of

Reduction potentials (E) are measured by reading a voltmeter, which measures the electron flow between two reaction chambers

To calculate the delta G of a redox reaction, you need:

Complex IV of the ETC oxidizes ____, reduces _____, and _____ protons in the process

Complex III of the ETC oxidizes ____, reduces ____, and _____ protons in the process

Which of the following components of the electron transport chain can only participate in one-electron transfers

Complex II of the ETC oxidizes _____, reduces ____, and ____ protons in the process

Complex I of the ETC oxidizes ____, reduces ____, and _____ protons in the process

The final reduced species in the electron transport chain is

Which of the ff. is not a part of the electron transport chain

Which complex of ETC does NOT contain an iron-sulfur cluster?

The Q cycle refers to flow of electrons from

In the Q cycle, coenzyme Q takes part

Which of the ff. are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane?

An alternative mode of entry into the ETC is the oxidation of

Another name for Complex II in the ETC is

The cytochrome that passes electrons directly to oxygen is

A cytochrome that can move freely in the mitochondrial membrane is

The complex in the electron transport chain that does not have a direct link to coenzyme Q in some form is

A species in the electron transport chain that can participate in a two-electron transfer is

Iron deficiency in a cell can adversely affect electron transport at which of the following sites?

Most of the reactions of electron transport in the mitochondria occur

Electron flow in the mitochondria follows this pathway:

Electron flow in the mitochondria follows this pathway:

Which of the following is true concerning mitochondrial DNA?

Another name for Complex I in the mitochondria is

Another name for Complex III in the mitochondria is

Which complex contains succinate dehydrogenase?

Coenzyme Q can act as an intermediate electron carrier, since the ketone group of the quinone structure is readily reduced to an alcohol.

Which complex contains cytochrome oxidase?

The only complex which actually uses molecular oxygen is

The only reaction which actually uses molecular oxygen is

Which of the following complexes does not directly contribute to the production of ATP by pumping protons?

Uncouplers are compounds that inhibit the phosphorylation of ADP

Oxidative phosphorylation is coupled to electron transport in

How do uncoupling agents affect the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation?

Which of the following is true?

Uncoupling in mitochondria refers to

Brown adipose tissue is partially responsible for generating heat in the young human body

Chemiosmotic coupling involves this process:

In the conformational coupling mechanism for oxidative phosphorylation, the effect of the proton gradient is

The F1F0 complex is actually a transmembrane complex

Conformation changes in proteins are crucial in the synthesis of ATP in the mitochondria.

Mitochondrial membranes can be fragmented into small vesicles which still synthesize ATP; intact mitochondria are not required.

A characteristic of the glycerol phosphate shuttle is

What is the net yield of ATP per glucose molecule that passes through all of aerobic respiration (glucose --> CO2 + H2O)?

A typical eukaryotic cell contains up to _____ mitochondria each bound by a smooth outer membrane.

Approximately how many ATP molecules are synthesized from the oxidation of 1 NADH?

According to the proposed reaction sequence presented in the chapter, cytochrome c oxidase obtains a fourth electron from a residue adjacent to the heme a3-ligated O2, thus forming a transient radical.

One method used by newborn mammals to generate heat is referred to as nonshivering thermogenesis. This method utilizes a protein channel called ______ which is present in high levels inside the mitochondria of _____ tissue.

Based on the estimation presented in the chapter, how many ATP per glucose are synthesized by the aerobic metabolism in eukaryotes?

Some degenerative diseases, such as Parkinson‘s disease, are associated with _______ damage to ______.

The electrons formed from the aerobic oxidation of glucose are I. ultimately transferred to O2 after several other transfer reactions. II. transferred to the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD. III. directly transferred to O2 during the citric acid cycle. IV. transferred to succinate and arachidonic acid

Which of the following statements about the mitochondrial inner membrane is TRUE? I. The inner membrane is permeable to CO2, H2O, and small ions. II. The inner membrane contains several transport proteins and membrane bound enzymes. III. In general, a higher inner membrane surface area correlates to a higher rate of respiration. IV. The number of cristae reflects the respiratory activity of the cell.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the complexes within the electron transport system? I. Complex II contributes twice as many protons to the gradient than Complex I II. Inhibition of Complex II would decrease the total number of electrons moving through the electron transport chain. III. Inhibition of Complex II would not alter the amount of free energy generated from electrons originating from NADH. IV. Complex I can accept electrons with higher potential than Complex II is able to accept.

Which of the following correctly ranks redox centers found in Complex I from lower to higher potential? A correct answer will contain redox centers which are found in only Complex I and will also rank those redox centers in order of lower to higher reduction potential.

Based on the information in the chapter, which of the following is TRUE regarding Complex III? I. A large portion of Complex III dissociates from the membrane bound portion of the complex. II. Complex III contains three identical cytochrome redox centers. III. The Q cycle allows stepwise reoxidation of the two electrons from CoQH2. IV. A change in conformation of iron sulfur protein (ISP) ensures that the Reiske center is reduced preferentially by CoQ.-

Which of the prosthetic groups listed can accept or donate either one or two electrons due to the stability of the semiquinone state?

Which of the following statements is(are) TRUE about oxidative phosphorylation? I. Electron transport provides energy to pump protons into the intermembrane space. II. An electrochemical gradient is formed across the inner mitochondrial membrane. III. Potassium and sodium ions form an ionic gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. IV. Complexes I, II, III, IV actively transport protons into the intermembrane space during electron transport.

Which of the following are TRUE statements regarding the structure of ATP synthase?

The rate of oxidative phosphorylation I. is regulated by the availability of ADP and P II. is reduced when the ratio of [NADH]/[NAD+] is high. III. increases with a higher concentration of reduced cytochrome c IV. is regulated by activity of the ADP-ATP translocator.

What is the net result of the successive reactions catalyzed by superoxide dismutase and catalase?

Rotenone and amytal I. inhibition can be restored by addition of succinate II. inhibition can be restored by addition of cytochrome c. III. blocks consumption of oxygen. IV. blocks transfer of electrons from CoQ to Complex III.

Phosphate (Pi) is transported into the mitochondria from the cytosol by a phosphate carrier which is driven by the

Cyanide (CN–) I. inhibition can be restored by addition of succinate. II. inhibition can be restored by addition of cytochrome c. III.inhibits electron transport which stops consumption of oxygen. IV. blocks transfer of electrons from CoQ to Complex III.

Antimycin A I. inhibition can be restored by addition of succinate. II. inhibition can be restored by addition of cytochrome c. III. blocks consumption of oxygen. IV. blocks transfer of electrons from CoQ to Complex III.