30 Questions
What is the effective charge felt by an electron in the L-shell?
(Z - 1)e
What is the wavelength of the Kα line in terms of the atomic number Z?
1216 Å / (Z - 1)
What is the frequency of the Kα line in terms of the atomic number Z?
2.47 × 10¹⁵ Hz (Z - 1)²
What is the energy of the Kα line in terms of the atomic number Z?
10.2 (Z - 1)² eV
What is the characteristic of metals when exposed to UV light?
They emit photoelectrons
What happens when an electron jumps from a higher energy orbit E1 to a lower energy orbit E2?
It radiates energy.
What is the energy of the X-ray photon emitted when an electron jumps from the L-shell to the K-shell?
E1 - E2
What series of X-rays is formed when an electron from the L, M, N shells jumps to the K-shell?
K-series
What is the characteristic of the X-ray spectrum?
It consists of sharp lines
What happens when an electron striking the target ejects an electron from the K-shell of the atom?
A vacancy is created in the K-shell.
What is the condition for the electron beam to pass undeflected and produce illumination at point P?
Electric force is equal to magnetic force
What is the gain in kinetic energy of an electron as it accelerates from cathode to anode?
eV
What is the deflection of an electron in a purely electric field?
y = eEl/mv
What is the ratio of the charge of an electron to its mass?
1.77 x 10^11 C/kg
What are the faint luminous glows that come out from each hole on the backside of the cathode in a discharge tube?
Positive rays
What is the maximum frequency of X-ray radiation in terms of the accelerating voltage?
proportional to V
What is the characteristic of the continuous X-ray spectrum?
Consists of all wavelengths over a given range
What happens when an electron is knocked out from an inner shell of the target atom?
A vacancy is created
What is the relation between the wavelength of X-ray radiation and the accelerating voltage?
The wavelength is inversely proportional to the voltage
What is the dependence of the intensity of X-ray radiation on the wavelength?
The intensity is inversely proportional to the wavelength
What is the minimum wavelength of X-ray radiation in terms of the accelerating voltage?
proportional to V
What is the characteristic of the X-ray spectrum at a particular accelerating voltage?
Rises rapidly to a maximum and then drops gradually
What is the relation between the maximum frequency of X-ray radiation and the accelerating voltage?
The frequency is directly proportional to the voltage
What happens when an electron collides with a target atom?
An electron is knocked out from an inner shell
What is the range of wavelengths in the continuous X-ray spectrum?
From a certain minimum to infinity
What is the primary reason for the formation of positive rays?
Positive ions formed by the ionization of gas atoms travel towards the cathode.
What is a characteristic of positive rays in terms of their mass?
They have different masses if the gas has isotopes.
How do positive rays interact with electric and magnetic fields?
They are deflected, but the deflection is small compared to that of cathode rays.
What is a characteristic of the velocity of positive rays?
They have a range of velocities.
What is the direction of motion of positive rays?
They travel from the cathode to the anode.
Learn about the characteristics of X-ray spectra, how they are formed, and the energy differences involved in the process. Understand the role of electron jumps in creating X-rays and the dependence on target material.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
