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Questions and Answers
Which Class of fire is predominantly extinguished using water in the form of jet or spray?
What is the preferred extinguishing agent for Class C fires that involve flammable gases?
Which Class of fire should not be extinguished with water due to the potential danger?
Which type of fires does Class F encompass?
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Which extinguishing agents are effective for Class B fires that involve flammable liquids that do not mix with water?
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What are the three elements of the fire tetrahedron?
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Which principle of heat transmission involves the direct contact between materials?
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What is the result when all three elements of the fire tetrahedron are present?
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of fire mentioned?
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In the complete combustion of natural gas, which reaction occurs?
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Study Notes
Fire Definition
- Fire is a chemical reaction involving a rapid combination of fuel, oxygen, and heat
- The fire tetrahedron represents the four components of fire: fuel, heat, oxygen, and a chemical chain reaction.
Fire Triangle
- The fire triangle is a simplified model of fire that excludes the chemical reaction component.
Fire Tetrahedron
- The chemical reaction in the fire tetrahedron must be self-sustaining.
- The reactions in fire are complex, but a simple example is the complete combustion of natural gas: CH4 + O2 = 2H2O + CO2
Heat Transmission and Fire Spread
- There are three main modes of heat transmission: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Causes of Fire
- Electrical, cooking, improper storage of chemicals, machinery, construction, arson, carelessness, smoking, natural causes.
Fire Classes
- There are five classes of fire recognized within the UAE fire and life safety code of practice: A, B, C, D, and K.
- Each class of fire has specific fuel sources:
- Class A: Flammable solids like wood, paper, fabrics, and plastics.
- Class B: Flammable liquids like petroleum, diesel, paints.
- Class C (British/EU): Flammable gases like LPG and natural gas.
- Class C (NFPA): Electrical fires originating from AC or DC current.
- Class D: Metals like magnesium, titanium, sodium, lithium, and potassium.
- Class F/K: Combustible cooking materials like cooking oils, vegetable and animal fats, and grease.
Fire Extinguishers
- Extinguishers are categorized by the fire classes they can extinguish.
- The UAE uses both British/EU and NFPA symbols to indicate the extinguisher's type.
- Extinguishers may also be color-coded for identification.
Using a Fire Extinguisher
- The P.A.S.S. method is the standard procedure for using a fire extinguisher:
- P: Pull the pin.
- A: Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.
- S: Squeeze the lever.
- S: Sweep the nozzle from side to side.
Fire Blanket Use
- To use a fire blanket:
- Remove the blanket from its container.
- Ensure the fire is smaller than the blanket.
- Hold the blanket in front of you by the top corners.
- Smother the fire by placing the blanket over it.
- Confirm the fuel source has been isolated.
- Do not remove the blanket for at least 30 minutes.
Smoke and Heat Hazards
- Fire produces heat and dark smoke that rise to the ceiling.
- Smoke contains carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and other poisonous gases.
- Smoke inhalation is a major cause of death in fire victims.
- Escape from a smoke-filled room by crawling low to avoid inhaling smoke.
Evacuation Procedures
- Remain calm and keep others calm.
- Be familiar with primary and secondary exits.
- Close doors and windows but don't lock them.
- Proceed to the nearest safe exit.
- Do not use the elevator.
- Test doors with the back of your hand before opening them.
- If trapped in a room without an escape route, keep the door closed, open a window if possible, and hang a towel outside to signal your location.
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