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Questions and Answers
Which Class of fire is predominantly extinguished using water in the form of jet or spray?
Which Class of fire is predominantly extinguished using water in the form of jet or spray?
What is the preferred extinguishing agent for Class C fires that involve flammable gases?
What is the preferred extinguishing agent for Class C fires that involve flammable gases?
Which Class of fire should not be extinguished with water due to the potential danger?
Which Class of fire should not be extinguished with water due to the potential danger?
Which type of fires does Class F encompass?
Which type of fires does Class F encompass?
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Which extinguishing agents are effective for Class B fires that involve flammable liquids that do not mix with water?
Which extinguishing agents are effective for Class B fires that involve flammable liquids that do not mix with water?
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What are the three elements of the fire tetrahedron?
What are the three elements of the fire tetrahedron?
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Which principle of heat transmission involves the direct contact between materials?
Which principle of heat transmission involves the direct contact between materials?
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What is the result when all three elements of the fire tetrahedron are present?
What is the result when all three elements of the fire tetrahedron are present?
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of fire mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of fire mentioned?
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In the complete combustion of natural gas, which reaction occurs?
In the complete combustion of natural gas, which reaction occurs?
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Study Notes
Fire Definition
- Fire is a chemical reaction involving a rapid combination of fuel, oxygen, and heat
- The fire tetrahedron represents the four components of fire: fuel, heat, oxygen, and a chemical chain reaction.
Fire Triangle
- The fire triangle is a simplified model of fire that excludes the chemical reaction component.
Fire Tetrahedron
- The chemical reaction in the fire tetrahedron must be self-sustaining.
- The reactions in fire are complex, but a simple example is the complete combustion of natural gas: CH4 + O2 = 2H2O + CO2
Heat Transmission and Fire Spread
- There are three main modes of heat transmission: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Causes of Fire
- Electrical, cooking, improper storage of chemicals, machinery, construction, arson, carelessness, smoking, natural causes.
Fire Classes
- There are five classes of fire recognized within the UAE fire and life safety code of practice: A, B, C, D, and K.
- Each class of fire has specific fuel sources:
- Class A: Flammable solids like wood, paper, fabrics, and plastics.
- Class B: Flammable liquids like petroleum, diesel, paints.
- Class C (British/EU): Flammable gases like LPG and natural gas.
- Class C (NFPA): Electrical fires originating from AC or DC current.
- Class D: Metals like magnesium, titanium, sodium, lithium, and potassium.
- Class F/K: Combustible cooking materials like cooking oils, vegetable and animal fats, and grease.
Fire Extinguishers
- Extinguishers are categorized by the fire classes they can extinguish.
- The UAE uses both British/EU and NFPA symbols to indicate the extinguisher's type.
- Extinguishers may also be color-coded for identification.
Using a Fire Extinguisher
- The P.A.S.S. method is the standard procedure for using a fire extinguisher:
- P: Pull the pin.
- A: Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.
- S: Squeeze the lever.
- S: Sweep the nozzle from side to side.
Fire Blanket Use
- To use a fire blanket:
- Remove the blanket from its container.
- Ensure the fire is smaller than the blanket.
- Hold the blanket in front of you by the top corners.
- Smother the fire by placing the blanket over it.
- Confirm the fuel source has been isolated.
- Do not remove the blanket for at least 30 minutes.
Smoke and Heat Hazards
- Fire produces heat and dark smoke that rise to the ceiling.
- Smoke contains carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and other poisonous gases.
- Smoke inhalation is a major cause of death in fire victims.
- Escape from a smoke-filled room by crawling low to avoid inhaling smoke.
Evacuation Procedures
- Remain calm and keep others calm.
- Be familiar with primary and secondary exits.
- Close doors and windows but don't lock them.
- Proceed to the nearest safe exit.
- Do not use the elevator.
- Test doors with the back of your hand before opening them.
- If trapped in a room without an escape route, keep the door closed, open a window if possible, and hang a towel outside to signal your location.
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