Untitled Quiz

Vitamin Deficiencies

• Beriberi is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine).
• Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of blindness in children worldwide.
• Vitamin B12 is a fat-soluble vitamin.
• Pellagra is a disease caused by a deficiency of niacin.
• Vitamin D serves as a hormone precursor.

Nutrition and Health

• Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are related to overnutrition.
• Malnutrition refers to the problems related to the nutrition of nutrients.
• Milk is considered a complete meal or balanced diet.
• A pregnant woman with a vitamin C deficiency is the most likely to develop scurvy.
• Folic acid is the most essential nutrient for a woman during her initial stages of pregnancy to prevent birth defects.
• Blackcurrants have the highest levels of vitamin C.
• Vitamin K helps in blood clotting.
• Poverty is a leading cause of poor health globally.
• Nutrition is the most serious problem facing global health now and in the future.

Dimensions of Health

• The WHO definition of health includes physical well-being, mental well-being, and social well-being.
• Spiritual health is not included in the WHO definition of health.
• MR stands for Mortality Rate.
• A state of balance between the individual and the surrounding world, including the environment, is defined as health.
• Social health refers to the quantity and quality of an individual's interpersonalities and the extent of involvement with the community.

Energy and Nutrients

• Carbohydrate is a macronutrient.
• Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients.
• Calcium, potassium, and sodium are macrominerals.
• A diet that consists of sufficient amounts of all necessary nutrients is defined as a balanced diet.

Vitamin Deficiencies and Diseases

• Xerophthalmia is a disease that occurs due to vitamin A deficiency.
• Osteopenia is a symptom of vitamin A deficiency.
• Pellagra occurs due to niacin deficiency.
• Beri beri occurs due to thiamine deficiency.
• Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness.
• Vitamin B12 deficiency causes pernicious anemia.

Immune System

• The immune system comprises humoral and cell-mediated systems.
• Smallpox is the biggest achievement of the immunization program.
• Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant that prevents transplanted organs from being rejected in recipients.

Epidemiology

• The epidemiological transition is defined as the elimination of infectious diseases and the increase in chronic diseases.
• The primary objective of the immunization program is to prevent further transmission of the disease agent.
• Safety is the most important requirement of a vaccine.
• Carcinoma arises from epithelial cells.
• Necrosis is a kind of injury or damage that results in the premature death of cells in a tissue or an organ through auto lysis.### Infections and Diseases
• SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, characterized by severe acute respiratory symptoms
• Ebola: viral hemorrhagic fever, incubation period is 2 to 21 days
• Filarial larvae: can be collected from peripheral blood at midnight

Cancer Risk Factors

• Top three modifiable risk factors for developing cancer: tobacco use, excess body weight, and physical inactivity
• Lifestyle modification to reduce cancer risk: limit consumption of red meat and processed food, stay physically active

Hypertension

• Hypertensive crisis: blood pressure of 180/120 mmHg
• Modifiable risk factor for developing hypertension: excess body weight

Vaccination and Immunization

• Diseases protected by vaccination under UIP: diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
• Program aimed at preventing and controlling blindness in India: NPCB Vision 2020

Diagnostic Tests

• Diagnosis of Gestational diabetes: Glucose tolerance test
• Laboratory test for diagnosis of viral community-acquired pneumonia in adults: viral culture

Malaria

• Number of people at risk of malaria in the world: 1.2 billion
• Mosquito responsible for malaria transmission: Anopheles
• Type of blindness: curable, absolute, social, and all of the above

Public Health Organizations

• Body responsible for formulating policy and implementing programs for prevention and control of HIV in India: NACO
• World Health Organization recognized date to celebrate World Tuberculosis Day: 24th March
• Control strategy for TB known as: DOTS### Health Programs and Policies
• India's Malnutrition Program aims to combat malnutrition among children.
• The One-Child One-Nation policy is not implemented in India.

Polio Eradication

• The last polio case in India was reported from West Bengal.

Medical Terms

• DPMR stands for Direction, Prevention, and Medical Rehabilitation.

Tobacco and Vaccines

• Nicotine is an addictive drug in tobacco.
• BCG, DPT, and OPV are vaccines under the Universal Immunization Program (UIP).
• AEFI stands for Adverse Events Following Immunization.

Surveillance and Disease Prevention

• BSU, CSU, and SSU are parts of the surveillance unit in IDSP (Integrated Disease Surveillance Project).
• Mission Indradhanush was launched in 2014-15.
• Nikshay Poshan Yojana is a centrally sponsored scheme under the National Health Mission.

Family Planning and Reproductive Health

• Family planning programs aim to achieve total reproductive health as a social goal at the national level.
• Kerala was the first state to recognize family planning as a part of national planning.
• India was the first country to initiate a family planning program in the world.

Women's Health

• MTP stands for Medical Termination of Pregnancy.
• The Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan aims to reduce maternal mortality in India.
• Madhya Pradesh was the first state to perform well under the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan.

Scholarship Programs

• The Deen Dayal Sparsh Yojana is a pan-India scholarship program for school children to promote philately.

Disease Prevention and Sanitation

• Biological, chemical, and physical agents cause diseases.
• Poor sanitation and hygiene in rural India lead to significant mortality rates.
• The Central Rural Sanitation Program was launched in 1986 and renamed Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan in 2005.

Healthcare Objectives and Services

• The objective of community health is to achieve primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of care.
• PHC stands for Primary Health Center, which provides comprehensive primary healthcare to the community.
• The Alma-Ata Conference aimed to achieve "Health for All" by 2000.

Urban Health

• National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) was launched in 2005 under the National Health Mission (NHM).
• Rajiv Awas Yojana addresses the housing needs of economically weak and lower-income groups in urban areas.
• Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death in urban areas.

School Health

• Coordinated School Health programs consist of comprehensive school health education, physical education, and nutrition services.

International Health Conferences

• The concept of primary health care was introduced at the Alma-Ata Conference in 1978, jointly by WHO and UNICEF.

Miscellaneous

• The National Mental Health Program was launched in 2013.
• World AIDS Day is observed on December 1st.