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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are causing agents of disease?

  • All (correct)
  • Physical agents
  • Chemical agents
  • Biological agents

Sanitization broadly means?

Educate people and community

Predict the estimated number of deaths linked to poor sanitation and hygiene in rural India.

  • 10 in every 50 deaths
  • 1 in every 100 deaths
  • It can’t be estimated
  • 1 in every 10 deaths (correct)

Choose the year in which the central rural sanitation program was launched.

<p>1986 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The central rural sanitation program was reconstructed in April and renamed as...

<p>Nirmal bharat abhiyan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the year in which the first Nirmal Gram Puraskar was given.

<p>2005 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the full name of HWT: Household _____ treatment.

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Predict the type of Ebola virus disease

<p>Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the top three modifiable risk factors for developing cancer

<p>Tobacco use, excess body weight, alcohol intake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Changing or modifying certain behaviors can reduce your risk for developing cancer. What lifestyle modification can reduce your risk of cancer?

<p>All of these (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Substance abuse is indicated by

<p>Use of any drug despite adverse consequences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the correct one, Filarial larvae can be collected from man's: ________

<p>Midnight</p> Signup and view all the answers

This does not accurately describe lymphatic filariasis

<p>Vector is the mollusc (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the diseases protected by vaccination under UIP are

<p>All of these (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Predict the most common symptom of high blood pressure

<p>It has no symptoms that you notice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Predict the measure that does not help to prevent diabetes complications

<p>Eliminating all carbohydrates from the diet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the diagnosis of Gestational diabetes: ________

<p>Glucose Tolerance Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the components of the immune system:

<p>Vitamin-D (B), Vitamin-B9 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease was eradicated through immunization program?

<p>Smallpox (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name an immunosuppressant used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs:

<p>Cyclosporine</p> Signup and view all the answers

In children, the ______ gland is the largest part but eventually shrinks and gets replaced by fat in puberty.

<p>thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a stimulant?

<p>Amphetamine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is breastfeeding important to an infant's health?

<p>It transfers immunity against certain infectious diseases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of an immunization program?

<p>Prevent the disease agent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important requirement of a vaccine?

<p>Safety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From which cells does Carcinoma arise?

<p>Epithelial cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacterial diseases:

<p>Malaria = Plague polio = Leprosy mumps = Mumps</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vibrio Cholerae is a motile bacterium belonging to which group?

<p>Monotrichous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard treatment for Cholera?

<p>ORS replacement therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the biggest risk factor for Ebola infection?

<p>Working in a category IV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the mosquito responsible for malaria transmission:

<p>Anopheles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

SARS is even more difficult to diagnose; Choose the correct one:

<p>tests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the types of blindness?curable

<p>all of the these (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the body responsible for formulating policy and implementing programs for prevention and control of HIV in India?

<p>NACO (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the date World Health Organization recognized to celebrate the World Tuberculosis Day

<p>24th March (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

World Health Organization recommended a control strategy for TB known as:

<p>dots (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the cause of TB:

<p>bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select one of the following is the main target of family welfare programs?

<p>couples in the fertile age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select one of the following is the activity of the family welfare program?

<p>IUD program (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Predict the last polio case in the country was reported from

<p>West Bengal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the full form of DPMR:

<p>None (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the additive drug in tobacco

<p>nicotine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct one, Vaccine under UIP:

<p>All of these (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct one, Full form of AEFI:

<p>Adverse Events following immunization (A), Adverse Events following immunization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the parts of surveillance unit in IDSP are

<p>All of these (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the year in which Mission IndraDhanush was launched in

<p>2014-15 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the correct one Nikshyaposhakyojan is centrally sponsored scheme under:

<p>National Health Mission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the full form of MTP:

<p>Medical termination of pregnancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The programs to get total reproductive health as a social goal of the national level are indicated as

<p>Family Planning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the first state in India to recognize the family web planning to Nation planning:

<p>Tamil Nadu (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the first country to initiate a family planning program in the world?

<p>INDIA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the state that has been named first among states for its performance under the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan in India

<p>Madhya Pradesh (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select one of the following statements about ‘Niryat Bandhu Scheme’ is correct

<p>It is a scheme for mentoring first-generation entrepreneurs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Ministry of Communication has recently launched a pan India scholarship program for school children called ‘Deen Dayal Sparsh Yojana’.

<p>Philately (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vitamin deficiency causes beriberi?

<p>Vitamin B1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of blindness in children worldwide?

<p>Vitamin A deficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin functions as both hormones and visual pigment?

<p>Retinal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

<p>Vitamin D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is caused by the deficiency of niacin?

<p>Pellagra (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin serves as a hormone precursor?

<p>Vitamin D (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify what is related to overnutrition.

<p>All of these (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely to develop scurvy?

<p>Eating disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which essential nutrient for a woman during early pregnancy prevents birth defects?

<p>Folic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which food source has the highest levels of vitamin C?

<p>Broccoli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin helps in blood clotting?

<p>Vitamin K (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the leading causes of poor health globally?

<p>Poverty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vitamin Deficiencies

  • Beriberi is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine).
  • Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of blindness in children worldwide.
  • Vitamin B12 is a fat-soluble vitamin.
  • Pellagra is a disease caused by a deficiency of niacin.
  • Vitamin D serves as a hormone precursor.

Nutrition and Health

  • Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are related to overnutrition.
  • Malnutrition refers to the problems related to the nutrition of nutrients.
  • Milk is considered a complete meal or balanced diet.
  • A pregnant woman with a vitamin C deficiency is the most likely to develop scurvy.
  • Folic acid is the most essential nutrient for a woman during her initial stages of pregnancy to prevent birth defects.
  • Blackcurrants have the highest levels of vitamin C.
  • Vitamin K helps in blood clotting.
  • Poverty is a leading cause of poor health globally.
  • Nutrition is the most serious problem facing global health now and in the future.

Dimensions of Health

  • The WHO definition of health includes physical well-being, mental well-being, and social well-being.
  • Spiritual health is not included in the WHO definition of health.
  • MR stands for Mortality Rate.
  • A state of balance between the individual and the surrounding world, including the environment, is defined as health.
  • Social health refers to the quantity and quality of an individual's interpersonalities and the extent of involvement with the community.

Energy and Nutrients

  • Carbohydrate is a macronutrient.
  • Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients.
  • Calcium, potassium, and sodium are macrominerals.
  • A diet that consists of sufficient amounts of all necessary nutrients is defined as a balanced diet.

Vitamin Deficiencies and Diseases

  • Xerophthalmia is a disease that occurs due to vitamin A deficiency.
  • Osteopenia is a symptom of vitamin A deficiency.
  • Pellagra occurs due to niacin deficiency.
  • Beri beri occurs due to thiamine deficiency.
  • Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness.
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency causes pernicious anemia.

Immune System

  • The immune system comprises humoral and cell-mediated systems.
  • Smallpox is the biggest achievement of the immunization program.
  • Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant that prevents transplanted organs from being rejected in recipients.

Epidemiology

  • The epidemiological transition is defined as the elimination of infectious diseases and the increase in chronic diseases.
  • The primary objective of the immunization program is to prevent further transmission of the disease agent.
  • Safety is the most important requirement of a vaccine.
  • Carcinoma arises from epithelial cells.
  • Necrosis is a kind of injury or damage that results in the premature death of cells in a tissue or an organ through auto lysis.### Infections and Diseases
  • SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, characterized by severe acute respiratory symptoms
  • Ebola: viral hemorrhagic fever, incubation period is 2 to 21 days
  • Filarial larvae: can be collected from peripheral blood at midnight

Cancer Risk Factors

  • Top three modifiable risk factors for developing cancer: tobacco use, excess body weight, and physical inactivity
  • Lifestyle modification to reduce cancer risk: limit consumption of red meat and processed food, stay physically active

Hypertension

  • Hypertensive crisis: blood pressure of 180/120 mmHg
  • Modifiable risk factor for developing hypertension: excess body weight

Vaccination and Immunization

  • Diseases protected by vaccination under UIP: diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
  • Program aimed at preventing and controlling blindness in India: NPCB Vision 2020

Diagnostic Tests

  • Diagnosis of Gestational diabetes: Glucose tolerance test
  • Laboratory test for diagnosis of viral community-acquired pneumonia in adults: viral culture

Malaria

  • Number of people at risk of malaria in the world: 1.2 billion
  • Mosquito responsible for malaria transmission: Anopheles
  • Type of blindness: curable, absolute, social, and all of the above

Public Health Organizations

  • Body responsible for formulating policy and implementing programs for prevention and control of HIV in India: NACO
  • World Health Organization recognized date to celebrate World Tuberculosis Day: 24th March
  • Control strategy for TB known as: DOTS### Health Programs and Policies
  • India's Malnutrition Program aims to combat malnutrition among children.
  • The One-Child One-Nation policy is not implemented in India.

Polio Eradication

  • The last polio case in India was reported from West Bengal.

Medical Terms

  • DPMR stands for Direction, Prevention, and Medical Rehabilitation.

Tobacco and Vaccines

  • Nicotine is an addictive drug in tobacco.
  • BCG, DPT, and OPV are vaccines under the Universal Immunization Program (UIP).
  • AEFI stands for Adverse Events Following Immunization.

Surveillance and Disease Prevention

  • BSU, CSU, and SSU are parts of the surveillance unit in IDSP (Integrated Disease Surveillance Project).
  • Mission Indradhanush was launched in 2014-15.
  • Nikshay Poshan Yojana is a centrally sponsored scheme under the National Health Mission.

Family Planning and Reproductive Health

  • Family planning programs aim to achieve total reproductive health as a social goal at the national level.
  • Kerala was the first state to recognize family planning as a part of national planning.
  • India was the first country to initiate a family planning program in the world.

Women's Health

  • MTP stands for Medical Termination of Pregnancy.
  • The Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan aims to reduce maternal mortality in India.
  • Madhya Pradesh was the first state to perform well under the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan.

Scholarship Programs

  • The Deen Dayal Sparsh Yojana is a pan-India scholarship program for school children to promote philately.

Disease Prevention and Sanitation

  • Biological, chemical, and physical agents cause diseases.
  • Poor sanitation and hygiene in rural India lead to significant mortality rates.
  • The Central Rural Sanitation Program was launched in 1986 and renamed Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan in 2005.

Healthcare Objectives and Services

  • The objective of community health is to achieve primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of care.
  • PHC stands for Primary Health Center, which provides comprehensive primary healthcare to the community.
  • The Alma-Ata Conference aimed to achieve "Health for All" by 2000.

Urban Health

  • National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) was launched in 2005 under the National Health Mission (NHM).
  • Rajiv Awas Yojana addresses the housing needs of economically weak and lower-income groups in urban areas.
  • Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death in urban areas.

School Health

  • Coordinated School Health programs consist of comprehensive school health education, physical education, and nutrition services.

International Health Conferences

  • The concept of primary health care was introduced at the Alma-Ata Conference in 1978, jointly by WHO and UNICEF.

Miscellaneous

  • The National Mental Health Program was launched in 2013.
  • World AIDS Day is observed on December 1st.

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