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Questions and Answers
What was the Spartacus League?
What was the Spartacus League?
A left-wing Marxist revolutionary movement organized in Germany during and just after the politically volatile years of World War I.
What is Article 231 commonly known as?
What is Article 231 commonly known as?
The Guilt Clause
What were Wilson's 14 Points?
What were Wilson's 14 Points?
A statement of principles for peace used for peace negotiations to end World War I.
What was the purpose of the League of Nations?
What was the purpose of the League of Nations?
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Who was Churchill?
Who was Churchill?
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Who was Chamberlain?
Who was Chamberlain?
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What was the Weimar Republic?
What was the Weimar Republic?
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Who was John Maynard Keynes?
Who was John Maynard Keynes?
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What does 'Carthaginian peace' refer to?
What does 'Carthaginian peace' refer to?
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What is appeasement?
What is appeasement?
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What was the Ruhr Crisis?
What was the Ruhr Crisis?
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What was the outcome of the Ruhr Crisis?
What was the outcome of the Ruhr Crisis?
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What was the Spirit of Locarno?
What was the Spirit of Locarno?
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What was the Locarno Agreement?
What was the Locarno Agreement?
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Who was Stresemann?
Who was Stresemann?
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What was the Dawes Plan?
What was the Dawes Plan?
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What was the Young Plan?
What was the Young Plan?
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What is the Freedom Law?
What is the Freedom Law?
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What does Revanche mean?
What does Revanche mean?
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What did Article 48 entail?
What did Article 48 entail?
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What was the Anschluss?
What was the Anschluss?
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What happened at the Geneva Disarmament Conference?
What happened at the Geneva Disarmament Conference?
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What was the Lytton Commission?
What was the Lytton Commission?
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Study Notes
Spartacus League
- Left-wing Marxist revolutionary movement in Germany during and post-World War I.
Article 231
- Known as the "Guilt Clause" in the Treaty of Versailles (1919).
- Germany was held responsible for initiating World War I.
- Primarily influenced by the United Kingdom and France, with limited input from the United States.
Wilson's 14 Points
- Advocated for self-determination of nations and freedom of the seas.
- Proposed the establishment of the League of Nations.
- Opposed punitive war reparations.
League of Nations
- Established to prevent future wars, envisioned by President Woodrow Wilson.
- The U.S. did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles and thus remained outside the League.
- Lacked authority to enforce decisions or prevent conflicts.
Churchill
- Prominent British statesman and leader during World War II.
Chamberlain
- British Prime Minister known for the Munich Agreement with Adolf Hitler.
Weimar Republic
- Germany's new government post-WWI, faced severe economic burdens, needing to pay annual reparations of $33 billion.
- Reparations reduced based on Germany's economic recovery; relied on U.S. loans.
John Maynard Keynes
- British economist advocating for deficit spending as a recovery strategy during economic downturns.
- Opposed reparations, believing they hindered recovery.
Carthaginian Peace
- Refers to the harsh terms imposed on a defeated nation.
Appeasement
- Policy of satisfying the demands of dissatisfied powers to maintain peace and stability.
Ruhr Crisis
- 1922 invasion of the Ruhr Valley by France to enforce reparation payments from Germany.
Outcome of Ruhr Crisis
- Resulted in France being morally defeated and losing credibility.
Spirit of Locarno
- Series of treaties settling Germany's borders with France, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, and Poland.
- Enabled Germany and the Soviet Union to join the League of Nations.
Locarno Agreement
- Seven agreements aimed at securing post-war territorial settlements in Europe.
- Divided borders into guaranteed western borders and reviseable eastern borders.
Stresemann
- German leader who signed an important treaty with Russia to gain credibility for Germany.
Dawes Plan
- U.S. financial assistance to revive the German economy and facilitate reparation payments to England and France.
- Created a successful circular flow of money.
Young Plan
- Established total German reparations at roughly $26.35 billion to be paid over 58½ years.
- Adopted in 1930 to replace the Dawes Plan.
Freedom Law
- Law that rejected the "War Guilt" clause from the Treaty of Versailles.
Revanche
- French sentiment for revenge against Germany over losses incurred during the Franco-Prussian War (1870).
Article 48
- Allowed the Chancellor to assume dictatorial powers in emergencies, exploited by Bruning.
Anschluss
- Union between Germany and Austria proclaimed by Hitler, occurring without resistance in Austria.
Geneva Disarmament Conference
- 1933 meeting where Hitler withdrew in protest of European military policies, strengthening his domestic position.
Lytton Commission
- Established by the League of Nations to investigate the Japanese invasion of Manchuria.
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Description
Explore key terms related to the causes of World War II with these flashcards. Each card presents a significant term or concept from the political landscape leading up to the war, helping you understand the historical context. Perfect for students and history enthusiasts alike.
