World War I and Marxist Theory Quiz

The Ottoman Empire was losing control of its territories in the late 19th century, and was struggling to maintain its power.

Bosnia was technically part of the Ottoman Empire, but Austria-Hungary had occupied and administered it since 1878.

Serbia, once an independent principality, was recognized as an independent state in 1878.

The annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Austro-Hungary in 1909 further increased tensions in the region.

A coalition of Serbia, Greece, and Bulgaria expelled the Ottoman Empire from Europe during the Balkan Wars.

Serbia's secret nationalistic society, the Black Hand, played a key role in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, aiming to create a unified Yugoslav state.

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered a chain of events that led to World War I, acting as the event that sparked the war.

Britain, with its vast empire and powerful navy, dominated global trade and communications. Britain wanted to maintain international stability, while Germany sought to challenge British dominance.

A type of warfare where neither side makes significant progress, leading to prolonged battles with high casualties.

The use of poisonous gases, like mustard gas, as weapons.

The First World War was notable for its immense scale, involving millions of soldiers from diverse nations.

The first World War saw the participation of soldiers from diverse colonial backgrounds, challenging the notion of European supremacy.

The horrific realities of war, including violence, brutality, and suffering, challenged the romanticized image of war.

The First World War significantly impacted the perception of European superiority, particularly among colonial soldiers.

The global reach of the British Empire enabled its control over key infrastructure, including finance, shipping, and communication.

The British dominance of telegraphy allowed them to control communication networks during the war.

The British Empire cut off all of Germany's underwater telegraph cables, effectively isolating Germany from the world and hindering their communication with other countries.

The British blockade of Germany during World War I was a significant factor in weakening Germany's economy and ultimately contributing to their defeat.

A coded message sent by Germany to Mexico in January 1917, proposing an alliance against the United States. The Zimmerman Telegram was intercepted by British agents, and its publication in the United States helped to sway public opinion toward entering the war.

The Industrial Revolution (IR) led to the rise of the working class (proletariat) by displacing agricultural labor and creating jobs in factories.

Karl Marx, a German philosopher, co-authored the Communist Manifesto in 1848, proposing a class struggle between the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat (working class).

A movement that aimed to unite workers across national borders, believing that the struggles of workers were international and required cooperation.

The International Workingmen's Association, founded in London in 1864, was a pioneering attempt to organize workers internationally.

The Second International, founded in 1889, represented a further step towards international worker cooperation and built upon the legacy of the first international.

The belief that workers should identify with their nation, rather than their class, despite the socialist ideals of international solidarity.

This was the expectation that workers would refuse to participate in a war between nations. It failed as workers joined their respective national armies.

Marx believed that the socialist revolution would first happen in highly industrialized nations like Britain, not Russia, which he considered “backwards” and not yet industrialized.

Lenin was surprised by the Russian Revolution, as he believed that these events would come later, not in his lifetime.

The conscription of 15 million men, mostly peasants, for the Russian army during WWI deeply affected the agrarian economy.

A racist ideology that emerged after the American Civil War, rooted in the belief that white people are superior to black people and should maintain dominance.

A film released in 1915 that portrayed the Ku Klux Klan as heroic defenders of white society and depicted African Americans as inherently inferior.

The first World War caused the collapse of major European empires, leading to the creation of new nation-states.

Discrimination against colonized people at the Paris Peace Conference, where their concerns were ignored.

A popular student-led movement in China that protested against the Chinese government's acceptance of Japanese control over Shandong.

A wave of revolutions and independence movements in colonized and semi-colonized regions, following the end of the first World War.

Gandhi rejected Western culture and led a mass movement for Indian independence, encouraging self-reliance and nonviolent resistance.

W.E.B. Du Bois increasingly advocated for global black solidarity and emphasized the need for African Americans to support the fight for racial equality and self-determination in Africa.

The League of Nations Health Organization (LNHO) was established in 1920 to address global public health concerns. It aimed to collect data on epidemics, standardize health statistics, and disseminate information to help countries respond to outbreaks.

The LNHO standardized health statistics to make data comparable across different countries. This allowed for a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of disease patterns.

The LNHO's communication network helped share information about epidemics quickly and efficiently. They used established communication channels to disseminate data to various countries, enabling faster and more coordinated responses.

The Spanish Flu pandemic (1918-1920) killed 50-100 million people globally. The pandemic was exacerbated by wartime conditions, which allowed the virus to spread rapidly among soldiers and civilians.

The LNHO collected data from countries around the world, providing a comprehensive picture of health trends and helping identify emerging threats.

The LNHO faced challenges in communicating information due to different jurisdictions and languages, making it difficult to ensure consistent dissemination.

The LNHO's Eastern Bureau in Singapore played a vital role in coordinating information flow between the British Empire and French Empire, contributing to the organization's global reach.

The LNHO's network spanned forty-five countries and two-thirds of the world's population by the early 1930s, demonstrating its significant impact on global health.