Food and Fibre

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Questions and Answers

Bovine tears lack what important factor/s for tear defence?

Lactoferrin
Lysozyme (correct)
IgA
IgG and IgM

Describe the clinical findings and most likely Diagnosis

Conjunctivitis, chemosis and white, lymphocytic, conjunctival plaques associated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus infection in a cow. (

What are the sites of prediliction for ocular dermoids in cattle?

decreasing order, the limbus, third eyelid, canthi, eyelid, and conjunctiva

What are the risk factors for developing IBK, Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis?

• Periocular Pigmentation: Mixed findings on protective effect; darker sclera may be protective. • Breed Susceptibility: • Bos indicus breeds are more resistant than Bos taurus breeds. • Herefords and Hereford crossbreeds, as well as Murray Greys, are more susceptible. • Age: Younger cattle (<2 years) have higher disease risk and severity. • Older cattle may have increased resistance due to previous exposure and antibody development • Genetic Factors: Familial differences in susceptibility. • . • Environmental Factors: • A high number of face flies correlates with the infection rate. • Indoor housing leads to higher infection rates but milder disease. • Mechanical irritants and ingestion of aflatoxin may enhance infection. • UV Radiation Correlates with the peak incidence of IBK; it increases sites for bacterial adherence and assists in the transformation of M. bovis into hemolytic strains. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 stages of SCC in the cow?

Plaque (Hyperplastic epithelium) -> Papiloma-> SCC in situ ->Invasive SCC ( Cells have invaded the substantia propria) Signup and view all the answers

Species? Diagnosis

Cow - SCC in situ Signup and view all the answers

How can you differentiate between dysplasia and SCC in situ?

basic difference between dysplasia and carcinoma in situ is characterised by dysplastic cells that have abnormal-looking nuclei but normal amounts of cytoplasm, whereas the cells of carcinoma in situ have malignant nuclei and less cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the CNs does a Peterson Nerve block affect?

CN 2, 3, 4, 5 (Ophthalmic and Maxillary branches), 6 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Describe how you would perform a Peterson Block?

. Insert a slightly curved, 10-cm, 18-gauge needle into the caudal angle between the supraorbital process and the zygomatic arch. Directed posteriorly. <ul> <li>Passes anterior to the anterior border of the coronoid process of the mandible.</li> <li>May need to be walked off the coronoid process anteriorly.</li> <li>Advanced in a slightly ventral direction to the pterygopalatine fossa and the foramen orbitorotundum. Do not advance the needle to the bony floor of the pterygopalatine fossa. Aspiration: Performed before injection. Injection: Approximately 15–20 mL of 2% lidocaine is injected.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

How would you perform a 4 point block?

Insertion Method: Inserted transconjunctivally adjacent to the globe at the 12-, 3-, 6-, and 9-o’clock positions. Alternatively, needles can be directed through the eyelids. Injection: 5–10 mL of lidocaine injected at each site. Possible Complications: Orbital hemorrhage Penetration of the globe Damage to the optic nerve Injection of local anesthetic into the optic nerve meninges Signup and view all the answers

Describe the clinical findings and the most likely diagnosis?

Fundus photograph of a cow after ingestion of male fern. Hemorrhage is evident on and adjacent to the optic disc and papilledema is present. Signup and view all the answers

What is your clinical diagnosis?

Papilloedema, and retinal degeneration -> hypovitaminosis A Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical diagnosis and its likely cause?

Synophthalmos, Veratrum Californicum ingested on day 14 of gestation Signup and view all the answers

What do you see? Diagnosis? Suspected aetiology. What is the difference between sheep and goats when affected by this pathogen? What cytological findings would you expect with this?

Keratoconjunctvitis, corneal abscessation, vascularisation, anterior uveitis. Mycoplasma, Goats less likely to develop corneal ulceration. Cytology: Large numbers of neutophils, no plasma cells, Intracytoplasmic coccobacillary -> ringshaped bodies in epithelial cells. Signup and view all the answers

Species. Normal or Abnormal

Sheep - normal Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Risk factors for IBK

Paris• Periocular Pigmentation: Mixed findings on protective effect; darker sclera may be protective. • Breed Susceptibility: • Bos indicus breeds are more resistant than Bos taurus breeds. • Herefords and Hereford crossbreeds, as well as Murray Greys, are more susceptible. • Age: Younger cattle (<2 years) have higher disease risk and severity. • Older cattle may have increased resistance due to previous exposure and antibody development • Genetic Factors: Familial differences in susceptibility. • . • Environmental Factors: • A high number of face flies correlates with the infection rate. • Indoor housing leads to higher infection rates but milder disease. • Mechanical irritants and ingestion of aflatoxin may enhance infection. • UV Radiation Correlates with the peak incidence of IBK; it increases sites for bacterial adherence and assists in the transformation of M. bovis into hemolytic strains.