Podcast
Questions and Answers
When do people typically drop car insurance coverage?
When do people typically drop car insurance coverage?
When their car's value is low enough that the cost of the insurance deductible and premiums aren't worth paying.
What is term life insurance?
What is term life insurance?
A policy with a set duration limit on the coverage period that pays out upon death only, with no savings or investment component.
What is whole life insurance?
What is whole life insurance?
A life insurance contract with level premiums that includes both insurance and an investment component.
What is health insurance?
What is health insurance?
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What does renters insurance cover?
What does renters insurance cover?
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What is disability insurance?
What is disability insurance?
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How can you reduce the cost of auto insurance?
How can you reduce the cost of auto insurance?
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What are securities and equities?
What are securities and equities?
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What is a bull market?
What is a bull market?
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What are bonds?
What are bonds?
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What are mutual funds?
What are mutual funds?
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What is diversification in investing?
What is diversification in investing?
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What are dividends?
What are dividends?
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What are treasury bills?
What are treasury bills?
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How do you determine net worth?
How do you determine net worth?
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What are the different types of retirement accounts?
What are the different types of retirement accounts?
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What is inflation?
What is inflation?
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What is the role of the SEC?
What is the role of the SEC?
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What is the purpose of the Federal Reserve?
What is the purpose of the Federal Reserve?
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What does the FDIC do?
What does the FDIC do?
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What is the CFPB?
What is the CFPB?
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What is earned income?
What is earned income?
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What is unearned income?
What is unearned income?
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What are exemptions in tax?
What are exemptions in tax?
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How do exemptions work for dependents?
How do exemptions work for dependents?
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What does liquidity mean?
What does liquidity mean?
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What are examples of liquid financial products?
What are examples of liquid financial products?
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How do gift cards work?
How do gift cards work?
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What are the fees associated with gift cards?
What are the fees associated with gift cards?
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What is discretionary income?
What is discretionary income?
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What are money orders?
What are money orders?
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Why does US currency have value?
Why does US currency have value?
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What is opportunity cost?
What is opportunity cost?
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Who is hurt the most by inflation?
Who is hurt the most by inflation?
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Who is hurt the least by inflation?
Who is hurt the least by inflation?
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What is the role of the Treasury Department?
What is the role of the Treasury Department?
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What does 'pay yourself first' mean in savings?
What does 'pay yourself first' mean in savings?
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What is a CD?
What is a CD?
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What is the Rule of 72?
What is the Rule of 72?
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What does it mean to reconcile a checking account?
What does it mean to reconcile a checking account?
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What should you do if you think you're a victim of identity theft?
What should you do if you think you're a victim of identity theft?
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What is a predatory loan?
What is a predatory loan?
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What is collateral?
What is collateral?
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What influences the interest rate charged for credit?
What influences the interest rate charged for credit?
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What happens to the premium when the deductible is raised?
What happens to the premium when the deductible is raised?
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When do consumers normally terminate collision coverage?
When do consumers normally terminate collision coverage?
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Study Notes
Earned vs. Unearned Income
- Earned Income: Generated from active engagement in a profession, encompassing wages, salaries, tips, commissions, and bonuses.
- Unearned Income: Comes from investments or other sources not related to employment, e.g., interest, dividends, alimony.
Tax Exemptions
- Exemptions allow individuals not claimed as dependents to reduce taxable income, functioning similarly to deductions with fewer restrictions.
- Additional exemptions can be claimed for dependents, primarily children under specified age limits who rely on the taxpayer for financial support.
Liquidity
- Definition: The ability to quickly convert assets into cash with minimal price impact.
- Liquid Assets Include: Cash, most stocks, money market instruments, government bonds.
Gift Cards
- Issued as an alternative to cash, gift cards have regulations ensuring they remain active for at least five years and limit fees for inactivity or dormancy.
- Exempt categories include prepaid phone cards and loyalty rewards cards.
Discretionary Income
- Refers to the portion of income available for non-essential expenses after covering taxes and basic living costs.
Money Orders
- Function similarly to checks, allowing payees to receive cash. They can typically be stopped if necessary but carry risks of counterfeiting.
Currency Value
- The value of U.S. currency is based on public confidence and its acceptance for future exchanges of goods and services.
Opportunity Cost
- Represents the value or benefits lost from the next best alternative when a choice is made to use resources for a specific purpose.
Effects of Inflation
- Most Affected: Individuals on fixed incomes, such as retirees, find inflation reduces their purchasing power.
- Least Affected: Borrowers and producers gain from inflation as it may increase asset value or income.
U.S. Treasury Department
- Responsible for issuing federal debt instruments and managing national revenue, including printing currency and collecting taxes.
Personal Savings Strategy
- Advocates for setting aside at least 10% of income for savings each month, aiming to build a reserve covering six to eight months of expenses.
Certificate of Deposit (CD)
- Considered a secure investment option, CDs offer fixed interest over a set duration, with different types providing varying liquidity and interest structures.
Loan Institutions
- Pawnshops: Offer short-term loans based on collateral; high-interest rates without credit checks.
- Payday Lenders: Allow borrowing against future income with extremely high APRs.
- Banks vs. Credit Unions: Generally, credit unions provide lower interest rates due to their non-profit status.
Credit Management
- Overdraft protection enables banks to cover checks exceeding the available balance with associated interest costs.
- Compound interest accelerates growth when interest is calculated on both the initial principal and accumulated interest.
Understanding Credit Reports
- Credit reports detail individual credit use, including personal information and payment history, influencing one's credit score.
Fraud and Theft Protection
- Federal law limits liability for lost or stolen credit cards to $50, and many companies provide zero liability for unauthorized transactions.
Identity Theft Actions
- Immediate reporting to creditors and monitoring of credit reports are crucial steps if identity theft is suspected.
Insurance Fundamentals
- Insurance transfers risk to protect against potential loss, with premiums determined by the policy's deductible amount.
- Collision Coverage: Typically dropped when a vehicle's value decreases to a point where coverage costs outweigh benefits.
Types of Insurance Policies
- Term Life Insurance: Provides coverage for a set period, paying out only upon death.
- Whole Life Insurance: Combines insurance with an investment component, encompassing a cash value accumulation feature.
Health and Renters Insurance
- HMO Plans: Offer a network of doctors and hospitals, with co-pays payable by insured individuals for services.
- Renters Insurance: Protects personal belongings within a rental property, covering events excluded by the owner's policy.
Disability Insurance
- Offers financial protection for individuals unable to work due to long-term disability, with eligibility tied to FICA contributions.
Auto Insurance Cost Reduction
- Strategies to lower auto insurance costs include increasing the deductible and purchasing a low-profile car.
- Dropping unnecessary coverage and driving less can also contribute to reduced premiums.
- Discounts are available for safety measures, students, and by combining multiple insurance policies.
Securities and Equities
- Selling a capital asset results in a capital gain or loss, calculated as the selling price minus the initial investment cost.
- Historical stock performance averages between 9-10%, experiencing both increases and decreases over time.
Primary and Secondary Markets
- The primary market is where new securities are issued, allowing firms to sell stocks and bonds to the public (e.g., Initial Public Offering).
- The secondary market includes exchanges like NYSE and NASDAQ, where existing securities are traded among investors.
Bull and Bear Markets
- Market trends are metaphorically described using bull (upward) and bear (downward) movements, based on how the animals attack.
- An upward trend is classified as a bull market, while a downward trend is a bear market.
Bonds
- Bonds are debt investments where investors lend money to entities at a fixed interest rate for a defined period.
- They are issued by various bodies including corporations, municipalities, and governments for financing projects.
- Interest is typically paid semi-annually; main types include corporate bonds, municipal bonds, and U.S. Treasury securities.
Mutual Funds
- Mutual funds pool money from various investors to invest in a diversified portfolio of securities.
- Managed by professional money managers aiming to generate returns through capital gains and income for investors.
Investment Portfolio
- An investment portfolio consists of financial assets like stocks, bonds, and cash, aimed at achieving specific investment objectives.
- Portfolios should align with investor risk tolerance and can be visualized as a pie divided among various asset classes.
Diversification
- The principle of diversification emphasizes spreading investments across a range to minimize risk, akin to not putting all eggs in one basket.
Dividends
- Dividends represent a portion of a company's earnings distributed to shareholders, typically expressed as a dollar amount per share.
Treasury Bills
- Treasury bills (T-bills) are short-term U.S. government debt obligations with maturities under one year, sold in denominations starting at $1,000.
Net Worth Calculation
- Net worth is determined by subtracting liabilities from assets: Net Worth = Assets - Liabilities.
- Assets include real estate, stocks, and cash, while liabilities encompass debts like mortgages and loans.
Retirement Accounts
- Various retirement accounts like 401(k), Traditional IRA, and Roth IRA each have unique tax implications.
- A pension provides a defined benefit at retirement based on salary and duration of employment, available as a lump sum or annuity.
Inflation
- Inflation decreases the purchasing power of money, with a target rate of 2-3% set by the government.
- Different groups are affected variably; lenders and those on fixed incomes are impacted the most.
Deflation
- Deflation involves a general decrease in prices, potentially leading to higher unemployment due to reduced economic demand.
Graduated Income Taxes
- Graduated income taxes impose higher rates on higher earners, with tax brackets that increase as income exceeds certain thresholds.
SEC Role
- The SEC regulates securities markets and protects investors from fraud, also overseeing corporate takeovers in the U.S.
Federal Reserve (The Fed)
- The Fed serves as the central bank of the U.S. and plays a crucial role in national monetary policy and financial system stability.
FDIC
- The FDIC insures deposits in U.S. banks to promote financial system confidence, covering up to $250,000 per account.
CFPB
- The CFPB oversees financial products and services, ensuring consumer protection and education in the financial market.
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Prepare for the W!SE Financial Literacy Certification Test with these flashcards. Each card covers key concepts related to earned and unearned income, providing you with essential definitions and examples. Master financial terminology to boost your understanding and test performance.