W!SE Financial Literacy Certification Test
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Questions and Answers

When do people typically drop car insurance coverage?

When their car's value is low enough that the cost of the insurance deductible and premiums aren't worth paying.

What is term life insurance?

A policy with a set duration limit on the coverage period that pays out upon death only, with no savings or investment component.

What is whole life insurance?

A life insurance contract with level premiums that includes both insurance and an investment component.

What is health insurance?

<p>A type of insurance plan that gives access to certain doctors and hospitals, often requiring co-pays for medical services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does renters insurance cover?

<p>Possessions within the home and isolated events not covered by the property insurance held by the owner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is disability insurance?

<p>Income protection for individuals who become disabled and can no longer work, eligible if they have paid FICA tax for a certain period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you reduce the cost of auto insurance?

<p>Increase deductible, purchase a low profile car, drop unneeded coverage, drive less, safety discounts, student discounts, combine policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are securities and equities?

<p>Financial instruments representing ownership in a corporation (stocks) or a creditor relationship with a governmental body or corporation (bonds).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a bull market?

<p>A market condition where the trend is up, characterized by rising prices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are bonds?

<p>A debt investment where an investor loans money to an entity for a defined period at a fixed interest rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are mutual funds?

<p>An investment vehicle made up of a pool of funds collected from many investors to invest in securities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diversification in investing?

<p>The practice of spreading investments across various assets to reduce risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are dividends?

<p>A distribution of a portion of a company's earnings to its shareholders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are treasury bills?

<p>Short-term debt obligations backed by the U.S. government with a maturity of less than one year.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you determine net worth?

<p>Net worth = value of assets - amount of liabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of retirement accounts?

<p>Pension, 401K, traditional IRA, and Roth IRA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is inflation?

<p>The decrease in purchasing power of money, typically targeted by the government to be around 2-3%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the SEC?

<p>To regulate the securities markets and protect investors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Federal Reserve?

<p>To conduct national monetary policy to ensure maximum employment and stable prices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the FDIC do?

<p>Insures deposits in the U.S. against bank failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the CFPB?

<p>A regulatory agency charged with overseeing financial products and protecting consumers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is earned income?

<p>Income derived from active participation in a trade or business, including wages, salary, tips, commissions, and bonuses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unearned income?

<p>Any income that comes from investments and other sources unrelated to employment services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are exemptions in tax?

<p>If you are not claimed as a dependent on another taxpayer's return, then you can claim one personal tax exemption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do exemptions work for dependents?

<p>The IRS allows you to take additional exemptions for each dependent you claim.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does liquidity mean?

<p>The ability to convert an asset to cash quickly and with minimal impact to the price.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of liquid financial products?

<p>Cash, most stocks, money market instruments, and government bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do gift cards work?

<p>A gift card is a restricted monetary equivalent issued by retailers or banks to be used as an alternative to a non-monetary gift.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the fees associated with gift cards?

<p>Prepaid cards, gift cards, and gift certificates cannot expire within five years of activation unless clearly disclosed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is discretionary income?

<p>The amount of an individual's income that is left for spending, investing, or saving after taxes and personal necessities have been paid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are money orders?

<p>A certificate that allows the stated payee to receive cash on-demand, usually issued by governments and banking institutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does US currency have value?

<p>Its value is based on what can be exchanged for it; money has value as long as others believe it can be exchanged for goods and services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is opportunity cost?

<p>The second-best alternative value that must be given up when scarce resources are used for one purpose instead of another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is hurt the most by inflation?

<p>Those on fixed incomes, such as retired people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is hurt the least by inflation?

<p>Borrowers and producers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Treasury Department?

<p>The United States Department of the Treasury is responsible for issuing all Treasury bonds, notes, and bills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pay yourself first' mean in savings?

<p>Put money into savings each month as if it were a bill.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a CD?

<p>A low-risk investment sold by financial institutions, suitable for cash you don't need for months or years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Rule of 72?

<p>A simplified way to determine how long an investment will take to double, by dividing 72 by the annual rate of return.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to reconcile a checking account?

<p>It involves reviewing bank statements and transactions to ensure accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you think you're a victim of identity theft?

<p>Report to creditors and credit reporting agencies and watch your credit report carefully.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a predatory loan?

<p>Loans that give unfair and abusive terms to borrowers, with hidden fees and high-interest rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is collateral?

<p>An asset pledged by a borrower to secure a loan, which can be seized if the loan isn't repaid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences the interest rate charged for credit?

<p>Higher risk generally results in a higher interest rate, while lower risk leads to a lower rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the premium when the deductible is raised?

<p>A higher deductible typically results in lower premiums for insurance coverage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do consumers normally terminate collision coverage?

<p>Collision insurance is typically terminated when the insured no longer wants or needs it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Earned vs. Unearned Income

  • Earned Income: Generated from active engagement in a profession, encompassing wages, salaries, tips, commissions, and bonuses.
  • Unearned Income: Comes from investments or other sources not related to employment, e.g., interest, dividends, alimony.

Tax Exemptions

  • Exemptions allow individuals not claimed as dependents to reduce taxable income, functioning similarly to deductions with fewer restrictions.
  • Additional exemptions can be claimed for dependents, primarily children under specified age limits who rely on the taxpayer for financial support.

Liquidity

  • Definition: The ability to quickly convert assets into cash with minimal price impact.
  • Liquid Assets Include: Cash, most stocks, money market instruments, government bonds.

Gift Cards

  • Issued as an alternative to cash, gift cards have regulations ensuring they remain active for at least five years and limit fees for inactivity or dormancy.
  • Exempt categories include prepaid phone cards and loyalty rewards cards.

Discretionary Income

  • Refers to the portion of income available for non-essential expenses after covering taxes and basic living costs.

Money Orders

  • Function similarly to checks, allowing payees to receive cash. They can typically be stopped if necessary but carry risks of counterfeiting.

Currency Value

  • The value of U.S. currency is based on public confidence and its acceptance for future exchanges of goods and services.

Opportunity Cost

  • Represents the value or benefits lost from the next best alternative when a choice is made to use resources for a specific purpose.

Effects of Inflation

  • Most Affected: Individuals on fixed incomes, such as retirees, find inflation reduces their purchasing power.
  • Least Affected: Borrowers and producers gain from inflation as it may increase asset value or income.

U.S. Treasury Department

  • Responsible for issuing federal debt instruments and managing national revenue, including printing currency and collecting taxes.

Personal Savings Strategy

  • Advocates for setting aside at least 10% of income for savings each month, aiming to build a reserve covering six to eight months of expenses.

Certificate of Deposit (CD)

  • Considered a secure investment option, CDs offer fixed interest over a set duration, with different types providing varying liquidity and interest structures.

Loan Institutions

  • Pawnshops: Offer short-term loans based on collateral; high-interest rates without credit checks.
  • Payday Lenders: Allow borrowing against future income with extremely high APRs.
  • Banks vs. Credit Unions: Generally, credit unions provide lower interest rates due to their non-profit status.

Credit Management

  • Overdraft protection enables banks to cover checks exceeding the available balance with associated interest costs.
  • Compound interest accelerates growth when interest is calculated on both the initial principal and accumulated interest.

Understanding Credit Reports

  • Credit reports detail individual credit use, including personal information and payment history, influencing one's credit score.

Fraud and Theft Protection

  • Federal law limits liability for lost or stolen credit cards to $50, and many companies provide zero liability for unauthorized transactions.

Identity Theft Actions

  • Immediate reporting to creditors and monitoring of credit reports are crucial steps if identity theft is suspected.

Insurance Fundamentals

  • Insurance transfers risk to protect against potential loss, with premiums determined by the policy's deductible amount.
  • Collision Coverage: Typically dropped when a vehicle's value decreases to a point where coverage costs outweigh benefits.

Types of Insurance Policies

  • Term Life Insurance: Provides coverage for a set period, paying out only upon death.
  • Whole Life Insurance: Combines insurance with an investment component, encompassing a cash value accumulation feature.

Health and Renters Insurance

  • HMO Plans: Offer a network of doctors and hospitals, with co-pays payable by insured individuals for services.
  • Renters Insurance: Protects personal belongings within a rental property, covering events excluded by the owner's policy.

Disability Insurance

  • Offers financial protection for individuals unable to work due to long-term disability, with eligibility tied to FICA contributions.

Auto Insurance Cost Reduction

  • Strategies to lower auto insurance costs include increasing the deductible and purchasing a low-profile car.
  • Dropping unnecessary coverage and driving less can also contribute to reduced premiums.
  • Discounts are available for safety measures, students, and by combining multiple insurance policies.

Securities and Equities

  • Selling a capital asset results in a capital gain or loss, calculated as the selling price minus the initial investment cost.
  • Historical stock performance averages between 9-10%, experiencing both increases and decreases over time.

Primary and Secondary Markets

  • The primary market is where new securities are issued, allowing firms to sell stocks and bonds to the public (e.g., Initial Public Offering).
  • The secondary market includes exchanges like NYSE and NASDAQ, where existing securities are traded among investors.

Bull and Bear Markets

  • Market trends are metaphorically described using bull (upward) and bear (downward) movements, based on how the animals attack.
  • An upward trend is classified as a bull market, while a downward trend is a bear market.

Bonds

  • Bonds are debt investments where investors lend money to entities at a fixed interest rate for a defined period.
  • They are issued by various bodies including corporations, municipalities, and governments for financing projects.
  • Interest is typically paid semi-annually; main types include corporate bonds, municipal bonds, and U.S. Treasury securities.

Mutual Funds

  • Mutual funds pool money from various investors to invest in a diversified portfolio of securities.
  • Managed by professional money managers aiming to generate returns through capital gains and income for investors.

Investment Portfolio

  • An investment portfolio consists of financial assets like stocks, bonds, and cash, aimed at achieving specific investment objectives.
  • Portfolios should align with investor risk tolerance and can be visualized as a pie divided among various asset classes.

Diversification

  • The principle of diversification emphasizes spreading investments across a range to minimize risk, akin to not putting all eggs in one basket.

Dividends

  • Dividends represent a portion of a company's earnings distributed to shareholders, typically expressed as a dollar amount per share.

Treasury Bills

  • Treasury bills (T-bills) are short-term U.S. government debt obligations with maturities under one year, sold in denominations starting at $1,000.

Net Worth Calculation

  • Net worth is determined by subtracting liabilities from assets: Net Worth = Assets - Liabilities.
  • Assets include real estate, stocks, and cash, while liabilities encompass debts like mortgages and loans.

Retirement Accounts

  • Various retirement accounts like 401(k), Traditional IRA, and Roth IRA each have unique tax implications.
  • A pension provides a defined benefit at retirement based on salary and duration of employment, available as a lump sum or annuity.

Inflation

  • Inflation decreases the purchasing power of money, with a target rate of 2-3% set by the government.
  • Different groups are affected variably; lenders and those on fixed incomes are impacted the most.

Deflation

  • Deflation involves a general decrease in prices, potentially leading to higher unemployment due to reduced economic demand.

Graduated Income Taxes

  • Graduated income taxes impose higher rates on higher earners, with tax brackets that increase as income exceeds certain thresholds.

SEC Role

  • The SEC regulates securities markets and protects investors from fraud, also overseeing corporate takeovers in the U.S.

Federal Reserve (The Fed)

  • The Fed serves as the central bank of the U.S. and plays a crucial role in national monetary policy and financial system stability.

FDIC

  • The FDIC insures deposits in U.S. banks to promote financial system confidence, covering up to $250,000 per account.

CFPB

  • The CFPB oversees financial products and services, ensuring consumer protection and education in the financial market.

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Prepare for the W!SE Financial Literacy Certification Test with these flashcards. Each card covers key concepts related to earned and unearned income, providing you with essential definitions and examples. Master financial terminology to boost your understanding and test performance.

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