Biology - Hormones (Part 1)

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What are hormones?

Chemical messengers directly released into the blood (correct)

Enzymes that aid digestion

Nutrients absorbed from food

Cells that fight infections

What are hormones?

Chemical messengers that are released into the blood

Where are hormones produced?

Endocrine glands

Hormones are carried in the blood to other parts of the body, but only affect particular cells or organs called _____ organs.

target Signup and view all the answers

What are the glands called that produce hormones?

Endocrine glands Signup and view all the answers

Hormones are produced in various glands. These glands make up your ________ system.

endocrine Signup and view all the answers

What is the general role of hormones?

To control things in organs and cells that need constant adjustment Signup and view all the answers

What is the pituitary gland?

An organ just below the brain that controls many activities of the body by the release of hormones into the blood. Signup and view all the answers

Match the endocrine gland with the hormone they produce:

Thyroid gland = Thyroxine Adrenal glands = Adrenaline Ovaries = Oestrogen Pancreas = Insulin & Glucagon Signup and view all the answers

Describe what the thyroid gland does.

The thyroid gland produces thyroxine and its function is to control the metabolic rate. Signup and view all the answers

Match the endocrine gland with their description:

Thyroid gland = Produces thyroxine and its function is to control the metabolic rate Adrenal glands = The adrenal gland produces adrenaline and its function is to prepare the body for action as in 'fight or flight' Pancreas = The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon and its function is to regulate the amount of sugar/glucose in the blood. Ovaries = The ovaries produce oestrogen and its function is to control sextual development Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pancreas?

The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon and its function is to regulate the amount of sugar/glucose in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

Describe what the adrenal gland does.

The adrenal gland produces adrenaline and its function is to prepare the body for action as in 'fight or flight'. Signup and view all the answers

Select the hormones that the pituitary gland produces. (Select all that apply)

Growth hormone Signup and view all the answers

Describe what the ovaries do

The ovaries produce oestrogen and its function is to control sextual development Signup and view all the answers

How is the pituitary gland nicknamed?

'Master gland' Signup and view all the answers

Select the functions of the pituitary gland. (Select all that apply)

Speeds up growth Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct functions that testosterone in the testes controls in a male (Select all that apply)

Sperm production Signup and view all the answers

The endocrine gland testes produce ________.

testosterone Signup and view all the answers

Match the following hormones produced in the liver with how they contribute to regulating blood glucose levels:

Glucagon = Raises blood glucose/sugar levels Insulin = Lowers blood glucose/sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

Match the hormone with their target organs:

Adrenalin = Heart, lungs, blood vessels Glucagon = Liver Insulin = Liver Oestrogen = Female reproductive organs Signup and view all the answers

Explain the importance of hormones. (2 marks)

Hormones speed up, slow down or alter the activity of their target organs. Most organs affect long-term changes. For example growth, puberty and pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct target organs of the hormone adrenaline.

Heart Signup and view all the answers

State at least 2 long-term changes that hormones cause. (2 marks)

Growth, puberty and pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct reasons for why hormones are important. (Select all that apply)

Hormones speed up, slow down or alter the activity of their target organs Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct characteristics of the nervous system in comparison to the endocrine system.

Acts on one limited area Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct characteristics of the endocrine system in comparison to the nervous system.

Long-term changes Signup and view all the answers

Match the numbers labelled on the diagram with the endocrine gland:

1 = Pituitary gland 2 = Thyroid gland 3 = Pancreas 4 = Adrenal glands Signup and view all the answers

Match the following endocrine glands with their functions:

Thyroid gland = Controls the metabolic rate Adrenal glands = Prepares the body for action - as in 'fight or flight' Pancreas = Regulates the amount of sugar/glucose in the blood Ovaries/Testes = Controls sexual development Signup and view all the answers

Describe and explain the 5 steps of how the hormone adrenaline works (method 1)

The first step of how adrenaline prepares you for 'flight or flight' is when the brain sends nerve impules to the adrenal glands. Then the adrenal glands produce the hormone adrenaline. Adrenaline then binds to the receptors in the liver (target organ). The liver then converts glycogen to glucose for increased energy for the muscles. This leads to more oxygen being created and therefore increases respiration. Signup and view all the answers

Describe and explain the 5 steps of how the hormone adrenaline works (method 2)

The first step of how adrenaline prepares you for 'flight or flight' is when the brain sends nerve impules to the adrenal glands. Then, the adrenal glands produce the hormone adrenaline. This causes the heart to beat faster and there to be stronger contractions. This increases the hearts cardiac output and blood pressure. The blood is then diverged from the gut to the muscels as the arteries to the muscels widen. Signup and view all the answers

The first step of how adrenaline prepares you for 'fight or flight' is when the brain sends nerve impulses to the adrenal glands. Match the correct order of the next steps to what happens (method 1):

Step 2 = The adrenal glands produce the hormone adrenaline Step 3 = Adrenaline binds to the receptors in the liver (target organ). Step 4 = The liver converts glycogen to glucose for increased energy for the muscles Step 5 = This creates more oxygen and therefore increases respiration Signup and view all the answers

The increased supply, caused by the effects of the hormone adrenaline, allows the body to respond more in an emergency.

oxygen, quickly Signup and view all the answers

The first step of how adrenaline prepares you for 'fight or flight' is when the brain sends nerve impulses to the adrenal glands. Match the correct order of the next steps to what happens (method 2):

Step 2 = The adrenal glands produce the hormone adrenaline Step 3 = The heart beats faster and there are stronger contractions Step 4 = This increases the heart's cardiac output and blood pressure Step 5/Step 6 = The blood is diverted from the gut to the muscles as the arteries to the muscles widen Signup and view all the answers

One of the first steps of how thyroxine regulates metabolism is the cause of the level of thyroxine being low. Match the correct order of the next steps to what happens (method 1):

Step 2 = The hypothalamus releases TRH Step 3 = TRH stimulates the pituitary gland to release TSH Step 4 = TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroxine into the bloodstream Step 5 = Thyroxine level rises back towards normal Signup and view all the answers

Match or complete the following sentences in relation to the effects of adrenaline:

Adrenaline increases breathing rate to... = get more oxygen into the body Adrenaline increases heart rate to... = pump oxygen and glucose to muscles more quickly Adrenaline causes the liver to... = convert glycogen to glucose for increased energy Signup and view all the answers

Select the two ways in which thyroxine can affect the body in order to regulate metabolism.

Increase in heart rate and the strength of contractions Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of metabolic rate?

The overall rate at which chemical reactions in the body occur. Signup and view all the answers

Describe and explain the 4 steps of how the hormone thyroxine regulates metabolism. (method 2)

The level of thyroxine is low. This inhibits the release of TRH from the hypothalamus. This inhibits the production of TSH. This leads to thyroxine levels falling back towards normal. Signup and view all the answers

Describe and explain the 5 steps of how the hormone thyroxine regulates metabolism. (method 1)

The level of thyroxine is low. This causes the hypothalamus to release TRH. TRH stimulates the pituitary gland to release TSH. TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroxine into the bloodstream. This leads to the thyroxine level to rise back towards normal. Signup and view all the answers

A negative feedback loop is when the body detects that the level of a substance has gone ___ or _ the normal level, it triggers a response to bring the level back to ___ again.

above, below, normal Signup and view all the answers

One of the first steps of how thyroxine regulates metabolism is the cause of the level of thyroxine being high. Match the correct order of the next steps to what happens (method 2):

Step 2 = This inhibits the release of TRH from the hypothalamus Step 3 = This inhibits the production of TSH Step 4 = Thyroxine level falls back towards normal Signup and view all the answers

Explain why negative feedback mechanisms are important in living organisms.

Using negative feedback loops, your body can control the levels of hormones (and other substances) in the blood. This is because they can trigger a response to bring the level back to normal again after the level of the substance goes above or below the normal level. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the entire negative feedback loop of how thyroxine regulates metabolism (9 steps).

The level of thyroxine is low. This causes the hypothalamus to release TRH. TRH stimulates the pituitary gland to release TSH. TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroxine into the bloodstream. This leads to the thyroxine level to rise back towards normal. The level of thyroxine is low. This inhibits the release of TRH from the hypothalamus. This inhibits the production of TSH. This leads to thyroxine levels falling back towards normal. Signup and view all the answers

Match the numbers labelled on the diagram with the endocrine gland:

2 = Thyroid gland 5 = Ovaries 1 = Pituitary gland 4 = Adrenal glands Signup and view all the answers

Biology - Hormones (Part 1)

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Questions and Answers

What are hormones?

What are hormones?

Where are hormones produced?

Hormones are carried in the blood to other parts of the body, but only affect particular cells or organs called _____ organs.

What are the glands called that produce hormones?

Hormones are produced in various glands. These glands make up your ________ system.

What is the general role of hormones?

What is the pituitary gland?

Match the endocrine gland with the hormone they produce:

Describe what the thyroid gland does.

Match the endocrine gland with their description:

What is the function of the pancreas?

Describe what the adrenal gland does.

Select the hormones that the pituitary gland produces. (Select all that apply)

Describe what the ovaries do

How is the pituitary gland nicknamed?

Select the functions of the pituitary gland. (Select all that apply)

Select the correct functions that testosterone in the testes controls in a male (Select all that apply)

The endocrine gland testes produce ________.

Match the following hormones produced in the liver with how they contribute to regulating blood glucose levels:

Match the hormone with their target organs:

Explain the importance of hormones. (2 marks)

Select the correct target organs of the hormone adrenaline.

State at least 2 long-term changes that hormones cause. (2 marks)

Select the correct reasons for why hormones are important. (Select all that apply)

Select the correct characteristics of the nervous system in comparison to the endocrine system.

Select the correct characteristics of the endocrine system in comparison to the nervous system.

Match the numbers labelled on the diagram with the endocrine gland:

Match the following endocrine glands with their functions:

Describe and explain the 5 steps of how the hormone adrenaline works (method 1)

Describe and explain the 5 steps of how the hormone adrenaline works (method 2)

The first step of how adrenaline prepares you for 'fight or flight' is when the brain sends nerve impulses to the adrenal glands. Match the correct order of the next steps to what happens (method 1):

The increased ______ supply, caused by the effects of the hormone adrenaline, allows the body to respond more ______ in an emergency.

The first step of how adrenaline prepares you for 'fight or flight' is when the brain sends nerve impulses to the adrenal glands. Match the correct order of the next steps to what happens (method 2):

One of the first steps of how thyroxine regulates metabolism is the cause of the level of thyroxine being low. Match the correct order of the next steps to what happens (method 1):

Match or complete the following sentences in relation to the effects of adrenaline:

Select the two ways in which thyroxine can affect the body in order to regulate metabolism.

What is the definition of metabolic rate?

Describe and explain the 4 steps of how the hormone thyroxine regulates metabolism. (method 2)

Describe and explain the 5 steps of how the hormone thyroxine regulates metabolism. (method 1)

A negative feedback loop is when the body detects that the level of a substance has gone _____ or _____ the normal level, it triggers a response to bring the level back to _____ again.

One of the first steps of how thyroxine regulates metabolism is the cause of the level of thyroxine being high. Match the correct order of the next steps to what happens (method 2):

Explain why negative feedback mechanisms are important in living organisms.

Explain the entire negative feedback loop of how thyroxine regulates metabolism (9 steps).

Match the numbers labelled on the diagram with the endocrine gland:

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The increased supply, caused by the effects of the hormone adrenaline, allows the body to respond more in an emergency.

A negative feedback loop is when the body detects that the level of a substance has gone ___ or _ the normal level, it triggers a response to bring the level back to ___ again.