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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of an ulcer?
What is the definition of an ulcer?
What type of wound has ragged edges with some parts of the tissue getting devitalized?
What type of wound has ragged edges with some parts of the tissue getting devitalized?
What percentage of infective rate is mentioned in the text?
What percentage of infective rate is mentioned in the text?
What is an example of a clean wound?
What is an example of a clean wound?
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What type of wound occurs when there is a blunt force to tissues, damaging blood vessels underneath?
What type of wound occurs when there is a blunt force to tissues, damaging blood vessels underneath?
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Which type of wound healing involves clean incised wounds or surgical wounds?
Which type of wound healing involves clean incised wounds or surgical wounds?
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What is a type of wound that occurs when there is a superficial injury, such as a scratch or graze?
What is a type of wound that occurs when there is a superficial injury, such as a scratch or graze?
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During which phase of wound healing does fibrosis occur?
During which phase of wound healing does fibrosis occur?
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What is the duration of the Proliferative Phase of wound healing?
What is the duration of the Proliferative Phase of wound healing?
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What is an example of a contaminated wound?
What is an example of a contaminated wound?
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What is the infective rate of a clean wound?
What is the infective rate of a clean wound?
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Which of the following is NOT a general factor affecting wound healing?
Which of the following is NOT a general factor affecting wound healing?
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What is an example of a dirty infected wound?
What is an example of a dirty infected wound?
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What is the name of the scar that extends into adjacent normal skin?
What is the name of the scar that extends into adjacent normal skin?
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What is the common site of a Keloid?
What is the common site of a Keloid?
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What is the treatment for Keloid?
What is the treatment for Keloid?
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Study Notes
Wound Healing
- A wound is a disruption of any tissue (soft tissue, bone, or internal organs)
- An ulcer is a disruption or break in the continuity of any lining (skin, mucous membrane, etc.)
Classification of Wounds
- Tidy wound
- Untidy wound:
- Crushing
- Tearing
- Avulsion
- Vascular injury
- Multiple irregular wounds
- Burns
- Clean incised wound: primary suturing
- Lacerated wound: ragged edges with some part of the tissues getting devitalized
- Bruise or contusion: blunt force to tissues wherein blood vessels are damaged underneath
- Hematoma: localized collection of blood after blunt trauma or after surgery
- Abrasion: superficial injury (scratch/graze/pressure/contact) where the surface is rubbed off
Classification of Surgical Wounds
- Clean wound:
- Herniorrhaphy
- Surgeries of the brain, joints, heart, transplant
- Infective rate is less than 2%
- Clean contaminated wound:
- Appendicectomy
- Bowel surgeries, gastrojejunostomy
- Gallbladder, biliary, and pancreatic surgeries
- Infective rate is 10%
- Contaminated wound:
- Acute abdominal conditions
- Open fresh accidental wounds
- Infective rate is 15-30%
- Dirty infected wound:
- Abscess drainage
- Pyocele
- Empyema gallbladder
- Faecal peritonitis
- Infective rate is 40-70%
Wound Healing
- Wound healing is a complex method to achieve anatomical and functional integrity of disrupted tissue
- Types of wound healing:
- Primary Healing (First Intention)
- Secondary Healing (Second Intention)
- Healing by Third Intention (Tertiary Wound Healing or Delayed Primary Closure)
Phases of Wound Healing
- Inflammatory Phase:
- Begins immediately after formation and lasts for 72 hours
- Proliferative Phase (Collagen/Fibroblastic Phase):
- Begins from the 3rd day and lasts for 3-6 weeks
- Remodelling Phase (Maturation Phase):
- Begins at 6 weeks and lasts for 6 months to 1 or 2 years
Factors Affecting Wound Healing
- General factors:
- Age, obesity, smoking, alcohol, stress
- Malnutrition
- Vitamin deficiency (Vit C, Vit A)
- Anaemia, hypoxia
- Malignancy
- Uraemia
- Jaundice
- Diabetes, metabolic diseases
- HIV and immunosuppressive diseases
- Steroids and cytotoxic drugs
- Local factors:
- Infection
- Presence of necrotic tissue and foreign body
- Poor blood supply
- Tissue tension
- Haematoma
- X-ray irradiated area
- Site of wound
- Underlying diseases like osteomyelitis and malignancy
- Mechanism and type of wound: incised/lacerated/crush/avulsion
Complications of Wound Healing
- Keloid:
- Common in black and females
- Extends into adjacent normal skin
- Site: Common over the sternum
- Other sites: upper arm, chest wall, front lower neck
- Treatment: injection / intralesional excision
- Hypertrophic scar:
- Anywhere in the body
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Description
This quiz covers the classification of wounds, including tidy and untidy wounds, clean incised wounds, and lacerated wounds. Learn about the different types of wounds and their characteristics.
