Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the four classifications of wounds based on thickness?
What are the four classifications of wounds based on thickness?
The classifications are superficial wounds, partial thickness wounds, full thickness wounds, and deep wounds.
What is the infective rate associated with clean contaminated wounds?
What is the infective rate associated with clean contaminated wounds?
The infective rate for clean contaminated wounds is 10%.
Name two complications of crush syndrome.
Name two complications of crush syndrome.
Two complications of crush syndrome are renal failure and septicemia.
List two treatment options for managing crush syndrome.
List two treatment options for managing crush syndrome.
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Differentiate between acute and chronic wounds based on the time elapsed.
Differentiate between acute and chronic wounds based on the time elapsed.
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What is the main characteristic of tidy wounds according to the Rank & Wakefield classification?
What is the main characteristic of tidy wounds according to the Rank & Wakefield classification?
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Describe a lacerated wound and how it is typically treated.
Describe a lacerated wound and how it is typically treated.
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What differentiates a bruise from a contusion?
What differentiates a bruise from a contusion?
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What are crush injuries and what serious complications can they lead to?
What are crush injuries and what serious complications can they lead to?
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What is the difference between puncture wounds and penetrating wounds?
What is the difference between puncture wounds and penetrating wounds?
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Study Notes
Wound Definition & Classification
- A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, disrupting structure & function.
Rank & Wakefield Classification
- Tidy Wounds: Clean, incised wounds like surgical incisions. Heal by primary intention, usually require primary suturing.
- Untidy Wounds: Irregular, complex wounds like crushing, tearing, avulsion, devitalized injuries. Heal by secondary intention, may require secondary suturing, skin grafts, or flaps.
Wound Classification Based on Type
- Clean incised wound: Linear cut with sharp edges. Treated by primary suturing.
- Lacerated wound: Irregular edges. Requires wound excision, saline wash, and layer-by-layer suturing.
- Bruise/contusion: Discoloration without skin break due to blunt force. Common in areas over bones, lax areas like face, scrotum, eyes, vascular areas; prevalent in children, elderly, and fair-skinned individuals.
- Hematoma: Localized blood collection due to blunt trauma or surgery. Types: subcutaneous, intramuscular, subfascial, intra-articular. Large needs drainage, small usually absorbed.
- Abrasion: Shearing injury (scratch/graze) with superficial skin loss.
- Puncture wounds/bites: Stab wounds with depth greater than width.
- Penetrating wounds: Similar to puncture, due to stabbing, often in abdomen & chest.
- Traction & avulsion injuries: Displaced tissues from their normal position.
- Crush Injury: Major wounds with muscle ischemia, loss of tissues, gangrene, sepsis, loss of contractility, and minimal bleeding.
- Gunshot Injuries: Superficial or deep wounds, often with entry & exit wounds, causing explosive and destructive injuries with burns.
- Closed Blunt Injury: Deeper injury without visible external damage, may be due to falls.
Wound Classification Based on Thickness
- Superficial: Involving only epidermis & dermal papillae.
- Partial Thickness: Loss up to part of deep dermis.
- Full Thickness: Loss of entire skin & subcutaneous tissue.
- Deep: Extending across deep fascia into deeper structures.
Wound Classification Based on Structures Involved
- Simple: Involving only one organ or tissue.
- Combined/Complex: Involving mixed tissues.
Wound Classification Based on Time Elapsed
- Acute: Less than 4 weeks.
- Chronic: More than 4 weeks.
Surgical Wound Classification
- Clean wound: Less than 2% infection rate, examples include herniorrhaphy, excisions, brain, joint, heart, and transplant surgeries.
- Clean Contaminated wound: 10% infection rate, examples: appendicectomy, bowel, gallbladder, biliary, and pancreatic surgeries.
- Contaminated wound: 15-30% infection rate, examples: acute abdominal conditions, open accidental wounds.
- Dirty Infected wound: 40-70% infection rate, examples: abscess drainage, fecal peritonitis.
Crush Syndrome
- Muscle crushing causing blood extravasation and myoglobin release into circulation, leading to acute tubular necrosis and renal failure.
- Causes: Earthquakes, mining accidents, air crashes, tourniquet injuries, train accidents.
- Complications: Renal failure, toxemia, septicemia, disability due to tissue loss, gas gangrene.
- Treatment: Fasciotomy, mannitol, urine alkalization, hemodialysis, oxygen therapy, antibiotics, blood transfusion, hyperkalemia correction.
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Description
Test your knowledge on wound definitions and classifications, including the Rank & Wakefield method. This quiz covers various types of wounds, their healing processes, and relevant treatment options. Perfect for those studying medical or nursing topics.
