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Worlds oldest surviving federation
US
When was the US constitution take an effect?
March 4, 1789
Serves as the country’s supreme legal document, also establishing the structure and responsibilities of the national federal government and its relationship with the individual states.
The Constitution of US
Stars represent how many states?
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Stripes represents as
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White
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Red
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Blue
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Symbol of strength and power but always turned to the olive branch as preferring peace; Clutching America’s National Motto: E Pluribus, Unum ( From many, One.)
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America seeks peace; Thirteen leaves and Thirteen olives
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Signifies purity and innocence
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Prepared to defend Liberty
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Represents valor and virtue protecting the eagle with thirteen bars representing America’s original thirteen states
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US independence
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Ph independence
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Main author of US independence
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Main author of Ph independence
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US constitution has 3 parts, what are those?
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assigns the responsibility for making laws to the Legislative Branch (Congress). Congress is divided into two parts, or “Houses,” the House of Representatives and the Senate. The bicameral Congress was a compromise between the large states, which wanted representation based on population, and the small ones, which wanted the states to have equal representation.
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details the Executive Branch and the offices of the President and Vice President. It lays down rules for electing the President (through the Electoral College), eligibility (must be a natural-born citizen at least 35 years old), and term length. The 12th and 25th Amendments modified some of these rules.
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establishes the Judicial Branch with the U.S. Supreme Court as the federal court system’s highest court. It specifies that Federal judges be appointed for life unless they commit a serious crime. This article is shorter than Articles I and II. The Federal Convention left much of the work of planning the court system to the First Congress. The 1789 Judiciary Act created the three-tiered court system in place today.
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outlines states’ powers in relationship to each other. States have the authority to create and enforce their own laws but must respect and help enforce the laws of other states. Congress may pass Federal laws regarding how states honor other states’ laws and records.
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explains the amendment process, which is different and more difficult than the process for making laws. When two-thirds of the Senate and two-thirds of the House of Representatives vote to change the Constitution, an amendment goes to the state legislatures for a vote. Alternatively, two-thirds of the state legislatures can submit an application to Congress, and then Congress calls a national convention at which states propose amendments. Three-fourths of the state legislatures or state conventions must vote in favor of an amendment to ratify it.
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states that Federal law is supreme, or higher than, state and local laws. This means that if a state law conflicts with a Federal law, Federal law takes precedence
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describes the ratification process for the Constitution. It called for special state ratifying conventions. Nine states were required to enact the Constitution. Rhode Island became the 13th state to ratify the Constitution in 1790.
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federal government will have the right to impose federal standards and regulations, federal inspection and federal audit of accounts.
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for very specific programs or projects (agricultural extension programs, highway construction and maintenance, vocational education, maternal and child health, pollution control, conservation, recreation)
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– for many categorical grant programs, the state must “match” the federal funds. Some programs only require the state to raise 10% of the funds, whereas others approach an even share.
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a method for adjusting the amount of money that a state must put up to receive federal funds that takes into account the wealth of the state or its ability to tax its citizens
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an assistance grant that can be applied for directly by state and local agencies; established under a national program grant. Proper grants allow congress (and the administration) to bypass state governments and thereby to place the money directly where it is supposedly the most needed.
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are federal transfers formulated to limit recipients’ discretion in the use of funds and subject them to strict administrative criteria that guide project selection, performance, and financial oversight, among other things.
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Federal programs that provide funding to the state and local governments for general functional areas such as criminal justice or mental health programs
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A program in which the federal government allocated funds to states and cities with virtually no strings attached. Recipient governments could use the funds in any way they saw fit
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no state can be made to lose its territory save by its own consent; no new state can be carved out of the existing states, unless the legislatures ofthe states affected accord their approval
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guarantees each state a republican form of government but as to the real meaning, the supreme court refused to pronounce its judgment on the matter
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gave the authority o judicial review to the supreme court overthe states’ legislation.
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authorized the congress to levy and collect taxes on income of all kinds whereas the original constitution had prohibited the central government to impose directtaxes
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Study Notes
The United States Constitution
- The US Constitution was ratified in 1788 and is the supreme legal document of the United States.
- The Constitution establishes the framework for the federal government and defines its relationship with individual states.
The American Flag
- The stars on the American flag represent the 50 states.
- The stripes on the American flag represent the original 13 colonies.
- The colors of the American flag are:
- White: symbolizes purity and innocence
- Red: symbolizes valor and virtue
- Blue: symbolizes strength and power
The Seal of the United States
- The eagle holds an olive branch in its right talon, symbolizing peace.
- The eagle holds arrows in its left talon, symbolizing strength and preparedness to defend liberty.
- The eagle clutches America’s National Motto: E Pluribus, Unum (From many, One.)
- There are 13 leaves and 13 olives on the olive branch, representing the original 13 colonies.
Articles of the US Constitution
- The Constitution is divided into three parts:
- Article I: Establishes the Legislative Branch, also known as Congress, which is responsible for making laws.
- Article II: Details the Executive Branch, including the President's term and eligibility requirements.
- Article III: Establishes the Judicial Branch, including the Supreme Court as the highest court, and outlines the appointment process for federal judges.
- Article IV: Outlines the powers and responsibilities of states and their relationship to each other.
- Article V: Explains the process for amending the Constitution.
- Article VI: Explains the supremacy of federal law over state and local laws.
- Article VII: Describes the ratification process for the Constitution.
Federalism
- Federalism is a system of government where power is shared between the federal government and individual states.
- States have the authority to create and enforce their own laws but must respect and uphold federal laws.
Amendments to the US Constitution
- The Constitution's amendment process involves a two-step process:
- Proposal: Proposed amendments need a two-thirds vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate.
- Ratification: Amendments must be ratified by three-fourths of the states.
Federal Grants
- Categorical grants provide funds for specific programs and projects and often require matching funds from states.
- Block grants provide funds for broader functional areas with less strict requirements for use.
- Formula grants allocate funds based on a state's wealth and income, often to help with programs that provide aid to low-income residents.
- Project grants are awarded competitively to state and local agencies for specific projects.
Powers of the US Congress
- The 16th Amendment (1913) authorized Congress to levy and collect taxes on income of all kinds.
The Supreme Court
- The Supreme Court has the authority to review state legislation to ensure it is consistent with the Constitution.
US Independence
- The main author of the US Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson.
Philippine Independence
- The main author of the Philippine Declaration of Independence was Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista.
Worlds Oldest Surviving Federation
- The United States is not the world’s oldest surviving federation. The Swiss Confederation is actually considered the world's oldest surviving federation, founded in 1291.
The US Constitution's Effect Date
- The US Constitution took effect on March 4, 1789.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the world's oldest surviving federation. This quiz covers its history, significance, and key facts. See how much you know about this unique political entity and its role in shaping modern governance.
