World War One Overview

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Questions and Answers

What major responsibility did Mackenzie King take on during World War I?

Creating the Canadian Expeditionary Force

Mobilizing military supplies for the US

Addressing issues related to conscription (correct)

Establishing military alliances with Europe

Which Prime Minister of Canada passed the War Measures Act in 1914?

Wilfrid Laurier

Pierre Trudeau

Mackenzie King

Robert Borden (correct)

Which battle is considered a strategic victory for Canadian forces during World War I?

Battle of Ypres

Battle of Passchendaele

Battle of Vimy (correct)

Battle of Somme

What was one of the main immediate causes of World War I?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which technological advancement was NOT specifically mentioned as part of World War I?

Drones (A) Signup and view all the answers

What did the Treaty of Versailles impose on Germany after World War I?

No submarines and an army limit of 100,000 troops (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did conscription during World War I impact Canadian society?

It sparked violence and bloodshed (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which group was responsible for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

Black Hand (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Russian-German non-aggression pact?

To ensure neither country would attack the other (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was one immediate cause of World War II?

The invasion of Poland by Germany (A) Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred as a result of the use of the atomic bomb by the US on Japan?

It resulted in the end of World War II (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which key figure was a prime minister of Canada during World War II?

Mackenzie King (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the Warsaw Pact?

A military alliance involving the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did social programs in Canada aim to help citizens?

Through welfare and healthcare services (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the nature of the October Crisis in Quebec?

A series of terrorist attacks by the FLQ (A) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the 1950s period in Canada regarding technological advancements?

Major developments in technology such as automobiles and television (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of NATO during the Cold War?

To provide collective security against the Soviet Union (A) Signup and view all the answers

What incident sparked the Korean War?

A North Korean invasion of South Korea (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the success of Blitzkrieg during World War II?

Fast-moving coordinated attacks (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the objective of the Dieppe raid?

To test German coastal defenses (D) Signup and view all the answers

What marked the beginning of the Italian campaign?

The Allies taking control of southern Italy (C) Signup and view all the answers

The Battle of Britain was primarily fought to gain control over which area?

Air superiority over the English Channel (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Battle of Hong Kong?

High Canadian and British casualties and eventual capture (D) Signup and view all the answers

What did the Allies achieve following the success of D-Day?

An 11-month advance through Western Europe (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Battle of the Atlantic?

Securing crucial supply lines between North America and Europe (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the Phoney War characterized by?

A period of inactivity and preparation for future attacks (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main result of Operation Dynamo?

Successful evacuation of Allied troops from Dunkirk (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain?

Aerial attacks to gain air superiority (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes appeasement in relation to WWII?

Concession to avoid conflict with Axis powers (B) Signup and view all the answers

What did the Axis powers consist of?

Germany, Italy, and Japan (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal during the Miracle of Dunkirk?

To evacuate stranded Allied troops (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main restrictions for immigrants coming to Canada historically?

Immigrants had to possess a minimum of $200. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the Winnipeg General Strike?

It contributed to the development of a stronger labor movement. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of residential schools in Canada?

Promoting assimilation of indigenous children. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which act was significant for establishing the legal status of women in Canada regarding Senate appointments?

Pearson’s Case. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the introduction of Prohibition in Canada?

To reduce crime related to alcohol consumption. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What did the League of Nations aim to achieve?

Promote international cooperation and peace. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was a major factor that contributed to the Great Depression in Canada?

Excessive consumer borrowing and overproduction. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Wartime Prices and Trade Board have during wartime in Canada?

To protect consumers and control inflation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about women's rights in the 1920s is correct?

Women gained the right to participate in the workforce. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What technology was primarily used during WW2 to detect submarines?

Sonar. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the conscription crisis in Canada during WW2?

It increased tensions and divided the nation. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was a common educational focus of the residential schools?

Teaching European history and culture. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguished synthetic rubber from natural rubber?

Synthetic rubber has a higher durability and performance. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which party in Canada represented far-left ideological views during the 1930s?

Communist Party. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of U-boats during World War II?

To destroy merchant ships of the Allies (B) Signup and view all the answers

What did the Nuremberg laws enforce in Germany?

Loss of citizenship and civil rights for Jews (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Holocaust?

The mass murder of 6 million Jews (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which event is associated with Kristallnacht?

The assassination of a German diplomat by a Polish-Jewish boy (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which individual served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during much of World War II?

Winston Churchill (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the MS St. Louis?

It carried Jewish refugees attempting to escape Nazi Germany. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the 'final solution'?

The plan to eliminate Europe's Jewish population (B) Signup and view all the answers

How did women contribute to the workforce during World War II?

By assuming roles traditionally held by men (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of Camp X during World War II?

To train soldiers in covert operations (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the immediate consequence of Pearl Harbor for the United States?

Joining the conflict against the Axis powers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant economic strategy employed by Franklin Roosevelt during the war?

Implementing a Europe-first military strategy (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which camp is known for being both a concentration and extermination camp?

Auschwitz (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which country was Benito Mussolini the dictator of during World War II?

Italy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the immediate effect of rationing in Canada during the war?

Ensured adequate resources for military efforts (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

World War One (WW1)

Background cause: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Austria-Hungary (June 1914) by Gavrillo Princip, a Serbian nationalist.
Contributing factors: Militarism, alliance systems, imperialism, and nationalism.
Immediate cause: Archduke Franz Ferdinand's assassination.
Canadian participation: Battles of Somme (1916), Vimy (1917), Passchendaele (1917), and Ypres (1915).
Technology advancements: Machine guns (e.g., MG34), poison gas, tanks, submarines, and airplanes (bombers, air-to-air combat, communication).
Conscription: Compulsory military service, causing significant controversy and violence.
War's end: November 11, 1918, Treaty of Versailles.
Treaty of Versailles terms for Germany: Limited military (100,000 troops), no submarines or air force. Germany felt the terms were unfair.
Treaty's role in WW2: The Treaty of Versailles is seen as a contributing (not sole) factor leading to WW2.

Mackenzie King and Robert Borden

Mackenzie King: Tenth Prime Minister of Canada, served three consecutive terms.
Mackenzie King's career before PM: Entered the House of Commons in 1908, became Labour Minister in 1909, pivotal role in WWI conscription and Canadian participation. Significant role in WWII mobilization of supplies, money, and volunteers.
Robert Borden: Eighth Prime Minister of Canada (1854-1937), barrister in Halifax before politics.
Borden's role in WWI: Led the Canadian Expeditionary Force, implemented the War Measures Act (1914).

Canadian Immigration Policy

Immigration restrictions: Reflecting racial attitudes of the time, limitations on entry for those from India and others, and a minimum entry amount of $200.
Immigration rates: 20% of Canada's population were immigrants in 1919.

Residential Schools

Purpose: Assimilate Indigenous children.
Significance: Vast loss of Indigenous children and family structures as a result of government policies.

League of Nations

Purpose: International cooperation promoting peace and security.
Significance: Precursor to the United Nations. Marks a new era of multinational collaboration.

Post-WW1 Canada (Women and Aboriginal Issues)

Women: Suffrage movement, challenges for equality and participation ("The Person's Case").
Aboriginal People: Indian Act of 1876, Residential Schools, land rights, self-governance, and status/enfranchisement issues.

Winnipeg General Strike

Event: 30,000+ workers went on strike in Winnipeg.
Bloody Saturday: Veterans protesting led to violence.
Outcome: Negatively affected Winnipeg's reputation.
Significance: Strengthened labour movement.

1920s Technological Advancements and Society

Technology: Automobiles (Model T), radios, and electric lights.
Prosperity: Booming economy, higher living standards for middle-class families, women's suffrage.

Prohibition

Definition: Restricting/prohibiting alcohol.
Outcome: Rise in illegal sales and crime led to end of Prohibition in the 1920s.

The Person's Case

Significance: Established women's right to be appointed to the Senate.
Initiated by: "Famous Five" women activists.
Supreme Court ruling (1928): Women were not considered "persons" under the British North American Act.

The Great Depression

Causes: Overproduction, dependence on raw materials and the USA, and "buy now, pay later" culture.
Significance: Widespread job losses and poverty transformed Canada.
Effects: Factories shutdown, farms and homes lost, and societal hardship.

Political Parties (1930s)

Various political parties emerged in the 1930s in various countries.

World War Two (WW2)

Wartime Policies: Wartime Prices and Trade Board (price and inflation control). National Resources Mobilization Act (war effort planning).
Japanese Internment Camps: Forced relocation of Japanese Canadians due to racism and discrimination.
Conscription Crisis (WW2): Political and military crisis dividing Canada.
New Technology: Sonar, radar, synthetic rubber, medical technology (penicillin, antibiotics).
Enigma: German coding machine.
U-Boats: German submarines.

Holocaust and Anti-Semitism

MS St. Louis: German liner carrying Jewish refugees denied entry to Canada, exposing anti-Semitism.
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising: Nazi-created ghetto for Jews, suffering from starvation and violence.
Kristallnacht: Coordinated attacks on Jewish communities in Germany and Austria (November 9-10, 1938).
Final Solution: Nazi plan to exterminate Europe's Jewish population (1941-1945).
Auschwitz: Network of concentration and extermination camps.
Nuremberg Laws: Deprived Jews of citizenship and civil rights.
Genocide: Holocaust.

Leadership

Mackenzie King: Canadian Prime Minister during WW2.
Winston Churchill: British Prime Minister during WW2.
Adolf Hitler: German dictator, initiated WW2.
Joseph Stalin: Soviet leader during WW2.
Benito Mussolini: Italian dictator, allied with Hitler.
Franklin D. Roosevelt: US President during WW2.

War on the Homefront

Women in the Workforce: Took on male roles while men were at war.
British Commonwealth Air Training Plan: Large-scale aircrew training program.
Rationing: Government restrictions on goods.
Camp X: Secret Canadian army training base.

Other Terms

Blitzkrieg: German military tactic.
Allies/Axis: Sides in WW2.
Luftwaffe: German Air Force.
Anschluss: Annexation of Austria by Germany.
Plebiscite: Direct vote on a major issue.

Battles

Dieppe Raid: Failed Allied raid on Dieppe.
Italian Campaign: Allied advances through Italy.
Battle of Britain: Luftwaffe vs. RAF.
Battle of Hong Kong: Japanese offensive against British colony.
Push to Berlin: Allied advance towards Berlin.
Liberation of the Netherlands: Allied liberation of the Netherlands.
Battle of the Atlantic: Allied convoys vs. German U-boats; secured supplies.
Miracle of Dunkirk: Evacuation of Allied troops from Dunkirk.
Phony War: Period of low fighting activity after Poland's defeat.
Russian-German Non-Aggression Pact: Agreement between Russia and Germany.

World War Two (WW2) Continued

Immediate cause: Germany's invasion of Poland (September 1, 1939).
War's end in Europe/Pacific: Germany's defeat, Hitler's suicide, and the German surrender.
Atomic Bomb: Used by the US on Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki).

The Cold War

Cause: Tensions between Soviet Union and the US.
Igor Gouzenko: Soviet cipher clerk who defected, revealing spying.
Cold War Conflicts: Korean War, Suez Canal Crisis.
International Organizations: United Nations, NATO, NORAD, Warsaw Pact.

1950s and 1960s

Social programs: Government programs to address needs.
Technological advancements: Automobiles, television, nuclear energy, and aircraft like Avro Arrow.
Youth Rebellion: 1960s social unrest.

October Crisis

Event: Terrorist attacks by the FLQ (Front de libération du Québec).