World War II and Minorities in the United States

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What was the primary reason for the government's fear of people of German, Italian, and Japanese descent after Pearl Harbor?

They were suspected of being spies for the enemy.

They were feared to resort to sabotage or other disloyal behavior to help the enemy. (correct)

They were thought to be plotting a rebellion against the government.

They were believed to have ties with terrorist organizations.

What restrictions were placed on Italians and Germans who had not completed the citizenship process?

They were required to carry identification cards and were restricted from certain areas. (correct)

They were immediately deported back to their countries of origin.

They were forbidden from holding any government jobs or positions.

They were required to wear distinctive clothing to identify themselves.

What was the fate of thousands of Germans and Italians during the war?

They were placed in prison camps. (correct)

They were forcibly relocated to internment camps.

They were stripped of their citizenship and property.

They were deported back to their home countries.

Why did the government call for the mass evacuation of all Japanese Americans from Hawaii?

To prevent them from aiding the Japanese forces in a potential invasion. Signup and view all the answers

What false rumors contributed to the prejudice against Japanese Americans after Pearl Harbor?

That they were committing sabotage by mining coastal harbors and poisoning vegetables. Signup and view all the answers

How many Japanese Americans lived in the United States when the war began?

120,000 Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary justification given by President Roosevelt for issuing Executive Order 9066?

To comply with the recommendations of military leaders citing national security concerns Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the treatment of Japanese Americans during World War II?

They were forced to sell their belongings for less than their true value and were sent to remote camps Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) pushing for compensation after World War II?

To recover the lost property and businesses due to forced relocation Signup and view all the answers

In the Korematsu v. United States case, what was the Supreme Court's ruling regarding Executive Order 9066?

The Court ruled 6-3 in favor of the government, citing military necessity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects Justice Frank Murphy's dissenting opinion in the Korematsu case?

He stated that the exclusion of Japanese Americans 'falls into the ugly abyss of racism' Signup and view all the answers

How was the Korematsu ruling later viewed by the Supreme Court?

It was formally denounced and stated to have no place in law Signup and view all the answers

What was the amount of compensation initially authorized by Congress for Japanese Americans who were interned?

$38 million total Signup and view all the answers

How did the JACL's quest for justice evolve after initially seeking compensation for lost property?

They called for the payment of reparations to each individual interned Signup and view all the answers

What was the amount of reparations eventually paid to each surviving Japanese American who was interned during World War II?

$20,000 Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the letter from President George Bush that accompanied the reparations payments to Japanese Americans?

To formally apologize for the internment and acknowledge the injustice Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary concern of government officials towards people of German, Italian, and Japanese descent after Pearl Harbor?

They might engage in espionage activities to help the enemy Signup and view all the answers

Why were Italians and Germans who had not yet completed the citizenship process labeled as 'enemy aliens'?

Due to fears of disloyalty and sabotage during wartime Signup and view all the answers

What led to the mass evacuation of all Japanese Americans from Hawaii in early 1942?

Rumors of Japanese Americans committing sabotage and poisoning crops Signup and view all the answers

Why did thousands of Germans and Italians end up in prison camps during World War II?

Due to their citizenship status as 'enemy aliens' Signup and view all the answers

What instigated a wave of prejudice against Japanese Americans following Pearl Harbor?

The Japanese attack on Hawaii Signup and view all the answers

How did the sense of fear and uncertainty following Pearl Harbor impact Japanese Americans living on the West Coast?

They faced panic and prejudice from citizens Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason General Delos Emmons initially resisted the order to intern Japanese Americans in Hawaii?

Concern for the economy of Hawaii Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the text, who initially justified the internment of Japanese Americans based on national security concerns?

President Roosevelt Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the number 1,444 in relation to the internment of Japanese Americans in Hawaii?

Percentage of Hawaii's Japanese American population interned Signup and view all the answers

Why did families interned during World War II have to sell their belongings for less than their true value?

Government imposed price controls Signup and view all the answers

Which legal case is paralleled with the Korematsu decision in terms of being an example of court-sanctioned racism?

Dred Scott v. Sandford Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason cited by Fred Korematsu for challenging Executive Order 9066?

'Military necessity' over civil rights Signup and view all the answers

Which event led to Congress authorizing $38 million in reparations for Japanese Americans who were interned?

'Korematsu v. United States' ruling Signup and view all the answers

'Relocation centers' mentioned in the text are a euphemism for what?

'Internment camps' Signup and view all the answers

'We were quite sure that our rights as American citizens would not be violated.' This statement by Monica Itoi Sone reflects what common misconception among Japanese Americans?

'American citizenship' guaranteeing protection Signup and view all the answers

'Unbelievable' is used by Monica Itoi Sone when describing what aspect of the evacuation to Minidoka camp?

'Scale and organization' Signup and view all the answers