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Questions and Answers
What was the significance of the delay before the German advance towards Paris?
The delay allowed the British to organize and facilitated the landing of the British Expeditionary Force.
Why did the Germans struggle as they approached Paris?
The Germans faced supply issues and exhaustion from long marches during the August heat.
What was the result of the Battle of the Marne for the Germans?
The Germans were driven back to the River Aisne and forced to dig trenches.
How did the defeat at Tannenburg impact Russia's military situation?
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What was a major consequence of Turkey entering the war for Russia?
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What did the Serbs achieve by the end of 1914?
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How did the outcome of the Battle of the Marne affect the Schlieffen Plan?
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What was the state of the Western Front by 1915?
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What were the common challenges faced in trench warfare on the western front during World War I?
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Describe the strategic significance of the Gallipoli Campaign for the Allies.
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What was one major reason the initial naval attack on the Dardanelles in March failed?
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What was the outcome of the landings by Australian and New Zealand troops during the Gallipoli Campaign?
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How did the German military perform against Russian forces in World War I during this period?
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What role did Winston Churchill play in the United Kingdom's strategy during World War I?
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What factors contributed to the difficulties of launching successful offensives in trench warfare?
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What was the overall result of the Gallipoli Campaign?
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What were the immediate consequences for British troops on the first day of the attack?
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Why did Haig continue the attack despite the heavy casualties?
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What was the extent of the territorial gains made by the Allies during the battle?
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What was the impact of the battle on German morale?
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How did historians' views differ regarding Haig's leadership during the battle?
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What phrase did a German officer use to describe the British army during this time, and what did it imply?
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What criticisms faced British Prime Minister Asquith following the battle?
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In what way did Haig's strategy evolve by the 1918 campaign?
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What was David Lloyd George's role before becoming British prime minister?
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What key system did Lloyd George help implement to manage shipping during the war?
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What notable battle tactic was the Russian general Brusilov associated with in June 1916?
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What did Lloyd George centralize to improve the British war effort?
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How did the Austrians respond to the Russian advance in 1916?
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What was the public expectation regarding naval battles at the beginning of World War I?
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Who was the British Admiral criticized for his cautious approach during naval engagements?
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What new weapons did Lloyd George promote as Minister of Munitions?
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What were the three main objectives of the Allies' naval strategy during World War I?
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How did the British manage to minimize the effectiveness of the German navy by the end of 1914?
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What was the main issue faced by Britain while imposing the naval blockade?
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What tactics did the Germans use in response to the Allied blockade?
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What incident in April 1915 escalated tensions between the USA and Germany?
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Why was the German U-boat blockade ultimately deemed ineffective?
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What role did the American public's sentiment play following the sinking of the Lusitania?
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What was one major difference between the Allied blockade and German U-boat tactics in terms of civilian safety?
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Study Notes
The Battle of the Marne
- The German advance on Paris slowed down, and the Germans were pushed back by the French in September 1914
- This marked the end of the Schlieffen Plan and ended any hope of a quick war
- The Battle of the Marne was a pivotal moment in the war, forcing the Germans to retreat and dig trenches
The Eastern Front
- The Russians mobilized quickly, but invading both Austria and Germany simultaneously proved a mistake
- They were successful against Austria but defeated by the Germans at Tannenburg and the Masurian Lakes
- These defeats significantly weakened the Russian military and boosted German morale
Western Front Stalemate (1915)
- Trench warfare dominated, characterized by barbed wire and increased firepower making frontal attacks suicidal
- The British, French, and Germans made attempts to break the deadlock, but all were unsuccessful
- This led to the stalemate on the Western Front, with both sides entrenched, and huge casualties with little gain
The Gallipoli Campaign (1915)
- A British effort to break the deadlock by eliminating the Turks and opening the Black Sea supply route for Russia
- First attempt was a naval attack on the Dardanelles in March 1915, which failed due to minefields
- Later landings by British and Australian troops in April and August were also unsuccessful, leading to the failure of the campaign
- The campaign was disastrous, with huge casualties and limited advances
- The British were able to prove their military strength, but the campaign was an overall failure
1916
- The Russians launched the Brusilov Offensive against Austria, achieving limited success
- Germany came to Austria's aid, occupied most of Romania, and seized their wheat and oil
- Hindenburg, a notable German general, expressed that the Germans could not sustain further losses like that at Verdun and the Somme
David Lloyd George Becomes Prime Minister (1916)
- Lloyd George took over as Prime Minister from Asquith and played a crucial role in the Allied war effort
- He centralized the war effort, improved weapons production, and established a war cabinet for quick decisions
- He also brought shipping and agriculture under government control, and introduced the Ministry of National Service
The War at Sea
- Both the British and German navies were cautious, avoiding large-scale confrontations
- The British aimed to block German trade, maintain their own supply routes, and transport troops to the continent
- The British were successful in defeating much of the German surface fleet
- German attempts to disrupt British trade with submarines were initially ineffective, but tactics changed and intensified with the sinking of the Lusitania
The Lusitania
- The sinking of the Lusitania in 1915 by a German torpedo was a controversial event
- Out of almost two thousand deaths, 128 were American citizens, which brought the United States closer to entering the war
- The incident raised questions about the brutality of submarine warfare, and the difference in the approach to civilian casualties by British and German forces
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Description
Explore significant events of World War I, including the Battle of the Marne, the Eastern Front dynamics, and the stalemate on the Western Front. Test your knowledge on how these battles influenced the course of the war and the strategies employed by the different nations involved.