World War I Chapter 7 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What nations formed the Triple Alliance?

Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary

What European nations formed the Triple Entente?

Great Britain, France, Russia

What is 'militarism'?

A policy of aggressive military preparedness; glorification of the military

What caused a rise in tensions between European nations?

Imperialism, shifting national boundaries, old alliances, and nationalist sentiments; MAIN Signup and view all the answers

What event triggered the war in Europe?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand; Sarajevo, 1914 Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Allies and who were the Central Powers?

The Allies included Great Britain, France, and Russia; the Central Powers included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria. Signup and view all the answers

Why did many Americans support the British?

They had cultural ties with them; British news/propaganda also swayed the American public opinion in favor of the Allies. Signup and view all the answers

Which side did American businesses support?

American businesses supported the Allies. Signup and view all the answers

When and why did Germany announce they would sink any ship found near Britain's coast?

In 1915; because Britain blockaded German ports and forced merchant ships to land in British ports to be inspected for contraband. Signup and view all the answers

Why did a German U-boat sink the passenger ship Lusitania?

The Lusitania was in British coastal waters, the zone in which Germany pledged to sink any ship found there. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Germany promise to stop sinking merchant ships without warning?

They did not want to strengthen the Allies by drawing the United States into the war. Signup and view all the answers

What events caused the United States to declare war?

The Zimmerman Telegram; Germany would return southwestern states to Mexico if they teamed up with them in the war. Signup and view all the answers

What was the War Industries Board?

The most important new agency created by Congress, for the purpose of coordinating the production of war materials. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Food Administration do?

Increased the country's food production; Hoover. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Fuel Administration manage?

The use of coal and oil. Signup and view all the answers

What ways did the United States pay for the war?

They raised income tax rates and sold Liberty and Victory Bonds (war bonds). Signup and view all the answers

What was the Selective Service?

A system created by Congress to register men for the draft. Signup and view all the answers

Were all U.S. soldiers drafted during World War I?

Not all U.S. soldiers were drafted; approximately two million were volunteers. Signup and view all the answers

How did many African American soldiers serve in World War I?

They fought with distinction in racially segregated units. Signup and view all the answers

In what roles did women serve during the war?

Served in the armed forces, although only in noncombat roles such as clerical and medical roles. Signup and view all the answers

How did Mexican Americans contribute to World War I?

Served in the war--volunteering for service more than any other minority group in the United States. Signup and view all the answers

What was one main idea regarding weapons during World War I?

Powerful weapons devastated the European landscape and caused millions to lose their lives. Signup and view all the answers

In 1914, warfare changed with the use of what?

Powerful artillery guns. Signup and view all the answers

To protect themselves from artillery fire, the troops did what?

Dug trenches. Signup and view all the answers

What methods did the Germans and the British use to break through enemy lines?

The Germans used poison gas and the British used armored tanks. Signup and view all the answers

What new technologies were used in combat during WWI?

Airplanes and zeppelins. Signup and view all the answers

What was a sentiment among many Germans when Americans entered WWI?

Many Germans believed that war was lost. Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of using convoys at sea during WWI?

The use of convoys at sea greatly reduced shipping losses and saved lives. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Triple Alliance and Triple Entente

The Triple Alliance consisted of Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary.
Great Britain, France, and Russia formed the Triple Entente.

Militarism and Tensions

Militarism emphasizes aggressive military preparedness and glorifies military might.
Key factors raising tensions in Europe included imperialism, nationalistic sentiments, shifting borders, and pre-existing alliances summarized by the acronym MAIN.

Triggering Events

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in 1914 triggered the onset of World War I.

Allies and Central Powers

The Allies were comprised of the Triple Entente nations: Great Britain, France, and Russia.
The Central Powers included the remnants of the Triple Alliance (Germany and Austria-Hungary) alongside the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria.

American Support

Many Americans supported the British due to shared cultural ties and the influence of British propaganda.
American businesses had strong connections to the Allies, with many banks investing in an Allied victory.

Germany's Naval Policies

In 1915, Germany announced a policy to sink any ships found near Britain's coast due to British blockades affecting German ports.
The German U-boat sank the Lusitania, as it was located in British coastal waters, which were designated as a war zone.

U.S. Entry into the War

Germany promised to halt the indiscriminate sinking of merchant ships to avoid provoking U.S. entry into the conflict.
The Zimmermann Telegram prompted the United States to declare war, where Germany suggested Mexico regain lost territories in exchange for their alliance.

War Mobilization Efforts

The War Industries Board coordinated the production of war materials and was the most significant agency formed by Congress.
The Food Administration aimed to increase domestic food production, led by Herbert Hoover.
The Fuel Administration managed coal and oil resources during the war.

Financing the War

The U.S. funded the war effort through increased income tax rates and the sale of Liberty and Victory Bonds.

Labor during the War

Industries sought labor from women, African-Americans, and Mexicans to fill workforce gaps.

Limitations on Liberties

The Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of 1918 were laws that restricted citizens' liberties.

Draft and Service Composition

Selective Service established a system to draft men into military service.
About two million U.S. soldiers volunteered for service rather than being drafted.

Diversity in the Military

African American soldiers served in racially segregated units but demonstrated valor.
Women participated in noncombat roles, including clerical and medical tasks in the armed forces.
Mexican Americans volunteered for service in greater numbers than any other minority group during the war.

Impact of Warfare Technology

The war introduced powerful artillery that devastated landscapes and resulted in millions of deaths.
Troops dug trenches for protection against artillery fire.
Germans utilized poison gas, while British forces deployed armored tanks to breach enemy lines.
World War I was notable for the first use of airplanes and zeppelins in combat.

American Influence on War Morale

Upon U.S. entry into WWI, many Germans believed their chances of winning were diminished.
The implementation of convoy systems significantly reduced shipping losses and protected lives at sea.

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Test your knowledge of key concepts and nations involved in World War I with these flashcards. Review crucial alliances such as the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente, and understand terms like militarism that escalated tensions in Europe. This quiz is a perfect study aid for history enthusiasts and students alike.