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World War I and International Relations
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World War I and International Relations

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Questions and Answers

Which approach to international relations (IR) focuses on the importance of institutions and interdependence?

  • Neorealism
  • Social constructivism
  • Liberalism (correct)
  • Realism

    • What are the key problems addressed by established IR traditions?

  • Terrorism and security, economic growth and trade, cultural exchange
  • Technological innovation, demographic shifts, regional integration
  • Human rights violations, environmental sustainability, global governance
  • War and peace, conflict and cooperation, wealth and poverty (correct)

    • Which approach challenges the established traditions in IR including realism and liberalism?

  • Neoliberalism
  • Utopian liberalism
  • Neorealism
  • Post-positivist approaches (correct)

    • What is the focus of International Society in the study of IR?

    <p>Shared values, norms, and institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major classical theoretical tradition in IR?

    <p>Realism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major debates that have shaped IR thinking since its inception?

    <p>Utopian liberalism vs realism and traditional approaches vs behaviouralism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which academic fields have influenced the academic subject of IR?

    <p>Philosophy, History, Law, and Economics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes contemporary IR?

    <p>Covers a wide range of topics including economic interdependence, human rights, and terrorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the newer theoretical approaches that have gained prominence in recent decades?

    <p>Social constructivism and post-positivist approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has influenced the development of IR thinking?

    <p>Historical events such as the two world wars and the Cold War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the current debate in IR?

    <p>Debate between established traditions and post-positivist alternatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is IR theory perceived?

    <p>As an evolving way of perceiving and understanding the world subject to ongoing evolution and debate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some topics covered by contemporary IR?

    <p>Economic interdependence, human rights, gender inequalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theoretical approach focuses on power politics and national interest?

    <p>Realism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some major historical events that have influenced IR thinking?

    <p>Two world wars, Cold War, financial crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who played a significant role in the outcome of the First World War?

    <p>Woodrow Wilson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conference attempted to establish a new international order based on liberal ideas?

    <p>The Paris Peace Conference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Wilson's Fourteen Points address include?

    <p>Promotion of democracy and self-determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919 for their efforts?

    <p>Woodrow Wilson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Wilson or Lenin' sentiment reflected the appeal of whose vision?

    <p>Woodrow Wilson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Wilsonian idealism' aimed to achieve permanent peace through what?

    <p>Rational international organizations, institutions, and laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Wilson's legacy according to liberal thinkers?

    <p>Belief that international institutions can promote peaceful cooperation among states and that liberal democracy is related to peace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Wilson emphasize in his vision of making the world safe for democracy?

    <p>Securing the rights and freedoms of nations and their peoples.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to liberal thinkers, what do democratic governments not do against each other?

    <p>Go to war against each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Wilson believe about his goals?

    <p>They were not selfish, seeking no material compensation or conquest, but rather a commitment to making the world a better place for all.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did academic IR develop first and most strongly?

    <p>In the liberal democratic states of the US and Great Britain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ of the League of Nations met three times a year and contained fifteen members including France, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union as permanent members?

    <p>The Council</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the underlying philosophy of the League of Nations?

    <p>Principle of collective security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What empowered the League to institute economic or military sanctions against a recalcitrant state?

    <p>Article 16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marked the beginning of a severe economic crisis in Western countries that lasted until the Second World War?

    <p>The Wall Street crash of October 1929</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who ridiculed Wilson’s Fourteen Points by pointing out that even God Almighty could do with ten?

    <p>George Clemenceau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The Twenty Years’ Crisis' was critiqued by which British IR scholar?

    <p>E. H. Carr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who argued that liberal IR thinkers profoundly misread the facts of history and misunderstood the nature of international relations?

    <p>E. H. Carr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to E. H. Carr, what is the correct starting point for understanding international relations?

    <p>Assuming profound conflicts of interest between countries and people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who brought realism to the US with great success through 'Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace'?

    <p>Hans J. Morgenthau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who argued that human nature was at the base of international relations, and humans were self-interested and power-seeking?

    <p>Hans J. Morgenthau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who pursued blatantly aggressive foreign policies aimed at conflict, not cooperation, in the late 1930s?

    <p>Hitler’s Germany, Mussolini’s Italy, and Imperial Japan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what did Woodrow Wilson's view international relations as?

    <p>A 'jungle' where strong and cunning rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which idea is reminiscent of Woodrow Wilson's belief in a permanent peace through international organization?

    <p>Immanuel Kant and Norman Angell's liberal ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Norman Angell argue in 'The Great Illusion'?

    <p>War is no longer profitable due to high costs and international commerce disruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what makes war increasingly obsolete?

    <p>Modernization and interdependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dominated in the first phase of academic International Relations?

    <p>Liberal ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What served as precursors to liberal ideas in International Relations?

    <p>The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shattered Woodrow Wilson's hopes for peace through democratic civilization?

    <p>Rise of fascist dictatorships and authoritarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the League of Nations fail to meet expectations?

    <p>Non-participation by major powers and internal strife</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the United States refuse to join the League of Nations?

    <p>Isolationist sentiments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant factor contributing to Wilson's hopes for peace being shattered?

    <p>Rise of fascist dictatorships and authoritarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Wilsonian idealism' aimed to achieve permanent peace through what?

    <p>International organization under the League of Nations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • The First World War was influenced by liberal ideas, with academics attributing the conflict to the egoistic and short-sighted calculations of autocratic leaders in heavily militarized countries, particularly Germany and Austria.

    • Woodrow Wilson, a liberal democratic US president, played a significant role in the war's outcome, bringing liberal democratic values to Europe and the world to prevent future conflicts.

    • Academic IR developed first and most strongly in the liberal democratic states of the US and Great Britain.

    • The Paris Peace Conference in 1919 attempted to establish a new international order based on liberal ideas, with Wilson's vision of promoting democracy and self-determination and creating an international organization, the League of Nations.

    • Wilson's ideas, known as Wilsonian idealism, aimed to put an end to war and achieve permanent peace through rational international organizations, institutions, and laws.

    • The popular sentiment after the war was 'Wilson or Lenin,' reflecting the appeal of Wilson's vision of making the world 'safe for democracy.'

    • Wilson's Fourteen Points address to Congress in January 1918 outlined his vision, including the promotion of democracy and self-determination, and the establishment of a League of Nations.

    • Wilson received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919 for his efforts.

    • Liberal thinkers believed that democratic governments do not go to war against each other, making the growth of liberal democracy in Europe crucial for peace.

    • Wilson's legacy was the belief that international institutions can promote peaceful cooperation among states and that liberal democracy is related to peace.

    • Wilson's vision of making the world safe for democracy emphasized the importance of securing the rights and freedoms of nations and their peoples.

    • Wilson's goals were not selfish, seeking no material compensation or conquest, but rather a commitment to making the world a better place for all.

    • Woodrow Wilson's view of international relations: a 'jungle' where strong and cunning rule versus a 'zoo' with international organization under the League of Nations

    • Wilson's belief in a permanent peace through international organization is reminiscent of Immanuel Kant and Norman Angell's liberal ideas

    • Angell's argument in "The Great Illusion" that war is no longer profitable due to high costs and international commerce disruption, leading to a need for international law to regulate interdependence

    • Modernization and interdependence make war increasingly obsolete, according to Wilson and Angell

    • Liberal ideas dominated in the first phase of academic International Relations

    • The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 served as precursors to these liberal ideas, dealing with rules for warfare and peaceful dispute resolution

    • Political and economic developments in the 1920s and 1930s, including the rise of fascist dictatorships and authoritarianism, shattered Wilson's hopes for peace through democratic civilization

    • The League of Nations, intended to be a strong international organization, failed to meet these expectations due to non-participation by major powers and internal strife

    • The United States, the strongest state in the system, refused to join the League due to isolationist sentiments.

    Note: The above bullet points are based on the provided text and aim to convey the essential ideas and facts, providing context when necessary.

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    Explore the influence of liberal ideas on the understanding of World War I and international relations. Learn about the factors that led to the continuation of the war and the perspectives of liberal thinkers on the conflict.

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