World Maps, Projections, and Time Zones
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Questions and Answers

Which explorer is credited with establishing the first direct sea route from Europe to India?

  • Ferdinand Magellan
  • Christopher Columbus
  • Vasco da Gama (correct)
  • Vasco Núñez de Balboa

What was the primary significance of Christopher Columbus's voyages in 1492?

  • He claimed Australia for Spain and established a colony there.
  • He discovered a westward route to Asia and established trade relations.
  • He initiated the first contact between Europe and the Americas. (correct)
  • He proved the earth was round by circumnavigating it.

Vasco Núñez de Balboa is best known for which accomplishment?

  • Circumnavigating the globe and proving it was round.
  • Establishing the first permanent English colony in North America.
  • Discovering the Pacific Ocean from the Americas. (correct)
  • Finding a new route to India by sailing west around Africa.

What was a major driving force that propelled European exploration during the Age of Exploration?

<p>The pursuit of wealth from resources like gold and silver. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the wealth acquired from colonies in the Americas primarily affect Europe?

<p>It spurred economic growth across Europe, including in Northern Europe and Italy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant health challenge did Vasco da Gama's crew encounter during their voyage to India?

<p>Scurvy, caused by vitamin C deficiency. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate longitude of the International Date Line?

<p>180 degrees (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT identified as a factor influencing climate?

<p>Population density (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which imaginary line of latitude is located approximately 23 degrees south of the equator?

<p>Tropic of Capricorn (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The North Atlantic Drift is best described as:

<p>The far northeastern extension of the Gulf Stream. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Age of Exploration, the 'three Gs' motivating European explorers primarily included:

<p>Gold, God, and Glory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prior to discovering the Americas, European trade networks were primarily focused on:

<p>The Silk Road (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which European countries were among the first to initiate major explorations starting 500 years ago?

<p>Portugal and Spain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which explorer is credited with leading the first expedition to circumnavigate the Earth?

<p>Ferdinand Magellan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the five main types of climate?

<p>Desert (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Coordinates used to locate places on Earth are measured in:

<p>Degrees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool found on world maps is specifically designed to indicate directions such as north, south, east, and west?

<p>Compass Rose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans?

<p>70% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which set of map projections are primarily utilized by cartographers to create different map representations?

<p>Gnomonic, Mercator, Conic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of distortion in Gnomonic map projections?

<p>Distortion increases rapidly from the center point. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the primary disadvantage of the Mercator map projection?

<p>Prioritization of shape over size, distorting area. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which of the following applications is the Mercator map projection most suitable?

<p>Navigational purposes due to accurate angles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of a Conic map projection concerning distortion?

<p>Distortion increases further away from the standard parallel. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental reason for the existence of different time zones across the Earth?

<p>To ensure sunrise occurs in the early morning and sunset at night for all locations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary concept does the International Date Line represent in relation to global timekeeping?

<p>The point on Earth where one calendar day transitions to the next. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Continents

Surrounded by water and cover a large portion of the Earth's surface.

World Map

A visual representation of the Earth's surface, showing locations, features, and distances.

Compass Rose

A tool on a map that shows the four cardinal directions: North, South, East, and West.

Mercator Projection

A type of map projection used to depict the Earth's surface on a flat plane, often used for navigation.

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Time Zone

The area on Earth where all citizens have the same time.

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Conic Projection

A projection created by projecting points and lines from a globe onto a cone.

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International Date Line

A line that marks the point on the globe where one date changes to the next.

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Gnomonic Projection

A map projection that uses a plane tangent to the globe at a central point to project locations.

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Cartographer

A person who creates maps.

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Monsoon

A strong wind and heavy rain storm, often found in tropical areas.

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Scurvy

A disease caused by a lack of vitamin C, often affecting sailors on long voyages.

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Conquistador

An explorer who conquers and claims land for a country.

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Isthmus

A narrow strip of land that connects two larger landmasses, with water on either side.

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Settle

To set up a permanent place to live in a new land.

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Patron

A person who contributes money and helps fund a project, like an expedition.

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What is the International Date Line?

The International Date Line is an imaginary line of longitude that runs along the 180-degree meridian, dividing the Earth into two halves and marking the change in calendar date.

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What is climate?

Climate is the long-term pattern of weather conditions in a specific region. It's influenced by factors like temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, and geographic features.

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What are latitude and longitude lines?

Latitude lines are imaginary lines that circle the Earth horizontally, measuring distance north or south of the equator. Longitude lines are imaginary lines that circle the Earth vertically, measuring distance east or west of the Prime Meridian.

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What are the equator, Tropic of Cancer, and Tropic of Capricorn?

The equator is an imaginary line that divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The Tropic of Cancer is a latitude line located approximately 23 degrees north of the equator, while the Tropic of Capricorn is a latitude line located approximately 23 degrees south of the equator.

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What is the Gulf Stream?

The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico, flows up the eastern coast of North America, and then crosses the North Atlantic towards Europe, carrying warm water and influencing the climate of those regions.

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What were the main motivations for European exploration?

European exploration in the 1400s and 1500s was driven by a combination of motives: gold, God, and glory. Explorers sought new trade routes, wealth, and opportunities to spread their faith while also building national prestige.

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What was the Silk Road?

The Silk Road was a historic network of trade routes that linked East Asia with the Mediterranean region, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and culture over centuries.

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What are cash crops?

Cash crops are valuable agricultural products grown primarily for sale rather than for consumption by the producers. They often play a significant role in trade economies.

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What is colonization?

Colonization is the process of one nation establishing political, economic, and cultural control over a territory and its indigenous population.

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Who were Marco Polo, Christopher Columbus, and Ferdinand Magellan?

Marco Polo was a famous explorer who journeyed to China in the 13th century, bringing back new knowledge about Asia. Christopher Columbus was an explorer who mistakenly landed on the Americas while searching for a route to Asia. Ferdinand Magellan was the first person to circumnavigate the globe, sailing around the Earth.

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Study Notes

World Maps and Projections

  • Maps show Earth's surface, with tools like compass roses for directions (north, south, east, west).
  • Oceans cover about 70% of Earth's surface.
  • Continents are surrounded by oceans.
  • Map projections (Gnomonic, Mercator, Conic) display Earth's features.
  • Gnomonic projects from a point, distorting more as distance grows.
  • Mercator preserves angles, but distorts sizes, especially near poles.
  • Conic projects onto a cone, distorting more away from the standard parallel.

Time Zones and the International Date Line

  • Time zones are areas with a unified time.
  • Earth's round shape causes different locations to have different times.
  • Time zones are 15 degrees wide.
  • The International Date Line is a 180-degree imaginary line representing the day change.
  • It's a recent invention (around 1900).
  • The Date Line helps to ensure no overlap in the day's marking.

Climate

  • Climate is a region's weather pattern over a long time.
  • Factors impacting climate include temperature, humidity, distance from water, wind, precipitation, topography, latitude, and elevation.
  • Five main climate types: tropical, dry, mild, continental, and polar.

Latitude and Longitude

  • Latitude lines circle Earth horizontally.
  • Longitude lines run vertically.
  • The equator is a key horizontal line dividing the Earth into Northern & Southern Hemispheres.
  • The Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn are latitudes dividing the globe into regions.
  • Coordinates (latitude and longitude) define locations on Earth.

Gulf Stream

  • The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current.
  • Originating in the southeastern tip of Florida.
  • Flows north along the eastern US coast and across the Atlantic.
  • Impacts European climate greatly.
  • Part of a global deep-sea current system.
  • The Gulf Stream can potentially affect sustainable energy production but is threatened by climate change.

European Exploration

  • European exploration (1400s-1500s).
  • Motives: gold, God, glory.
  • Exploration related to a need for new trade routes and wealth, including the Silk Road.
  • Led to the colonization of the Americas, Asia, and Africa.
  • Exploration stemmed from various reasons including the Protestant Reformation, royal disputes, and economic pursuits.
  • European exploration led to the development and existence of the (United States).

Famous Explorers

  • Marco Polo (China)
  • Christopher Columbus (Americas)
  • Ferdinand Magellan (circumnavigated the globe)
  • Lewis and Clark (crossed North America)
  • Vasco da Gama (direct route to India by water)
  • Vasco Nunez De Balboa (found the Pacific Ocean)
  • Columbus's Voyage: A voyage from Europe to North America, leading to interactions, claims, and empire building.

Impact of Exploration

  • Early Spanish and Portuguese expeditions created a large colonial empire and wealth in the early stages.
  • Northern European nations joined in, boosting their economies.
  • Wealth created through exploitation led to Europe's global dominance and trade.
  • The Columbian Exchange transferred goods and ideas between the Old and New Worlds.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of world maps, their projections like Gnomonic and Mercator, and the significance of time zones. Understand how these elements illustrate Earth's geography and the concept of time across different regions. This quiz covers essential geography topics for a better grasp of spatial awareness.

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