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Questions and Answers
What is the time period referred to as the Paleolithic Era?
What is the time period referred to as the Paleolithic Era?
- 2,700 - 2,200 BCE
- 2.5 million - 10,000 BCE (correct)
- 10,000 - 5,000 BCE
- 5,000 - 2,000 BCE
Which civilization is credited with the invention of writing?
Which civilization is credited with the invention of writing?
- Renaissance
- Ancient Egypt
- Mesopotamia (correct)
- Ancient Greece
What was the focus of the Crusades?
What was the focus of the Crusades?
- Establishing trade routes with Asia
- Religious wars between Christians and Muslims (correct)
- Conquering the Byzantine Empire
- Spreading Christianity throughout Europe
What was the main characteristic of the Industrial Revolution?
What was the main characteristic of the Industrial Revolution?
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What is the term used to describe the period of increased interconnectedness and global economy?
What is the term used to describe the period of increased interconnectedness and global economy?
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What is the term used to describe the rivalry between the US and USSR from 1945 to 1991?
What is the term used to describe the rivalry between the US and USSR from 1945 to 1991?
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Study Notes
Prehistory
- Refers to the period of time before written records of human history
- Divided into three stages:
- Paleolithic Era: Early humans, nomadic hunter-gatherers, used stone tools (2.5 million - 10,000 BCE)
- Mesolithic Era: Development of more complex tools, early agriculture (10,000 - 5,000 BCE)
- Neolithic Era: Emergence of settled agriculture, development of cities (5,000 - 2,000 BCE)
Ancient Civilizations
- Mesopotamia:
- Sumerians (3,500 - 2,000 BCE): invented writing, developed cities
- Babylonians (2,000 - 539 BCE): developed law codes, astronomy
- Ancient Egypt:
- Old Kingdom (2,700 - 2,200 BCE): pyramids, pharaohs
- New Kingdom (1,550 - 1,070 BCE): expansion, trade, cultural achievements
- Ancient Greece:
- Classical Period (5th - 4th century BCE): democracy, philosophy, theater
- Hellenistic Period (3rd - 1st century BCE): expansion, cultural spread
Medieval Period
- Middle Ages:
- Feudalism: social hierarchy, lords and vassals
- Crusades: religious wars between Christians and Muslims (11th - 13th century)
- Rise of Empires:
- Byzantine Empire (330 - 1453 CE): Eastern Roman Empire
- Islamic Golden Age (8th - 13th century): scientific, cultural achievements
Early Modern Period
- Renaissance:
- Revival of classical knowledge, art, literature (14th - 17th century)
- Emergence of nation-states, monarchies
- Age of Exploration:
- European exploration, colonization of the Americas (15th - 17th century)
- Establishment of trade routes, global economy
Modern Period
- Industrial Revolution:
- Transformation from manual labor to machine-based manufacturing (18th - 19th century)
- Development of capitalism, urbanization
- World Wars:
- World War I (1914 - 1918): global conflict, rise of nationalism
- World War II (1939 - 1945): global conflict, emergence of superpowers
Contemporary Period
- Cold War:
- Bipolar world, rivalry between US and USSR (1945 - 1991)
- Decolonization, rise of independent nations
- Globalization:
- Increased interconnectedness, global economy (late 20th century - present)
- Challenges: inequality, environmental degradation, cultural homogenization
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