World History Chapter 5 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the Portuguese name given to a rigid social structure in Indian society?

Caste system (correct)

Brahman

Varnas

Hinduism

What do followers of Hinduism believe in?

A single, universal force called Brahman.

What is the method of training developed by the Hindus that is supposed to lead to oneness with Brahman?

Yoga

What is the force generated by a person's actions that determines how the person will be reborn in the next life?

Karma Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given by Aryans in ancient India to a social structure that divided society into four groups?

Varnas Signup and view all the answers

What is the priestly class of ancient Indian society called?

Brahmins Signup and view all the answers

What is the Hindu belief about reincarnation?

The individual soul is reborn in a different form. Signup and view all the answers

Who are Brahma the Creator, Vishnu the Preserver, and Shiva the Destroyer?

They are the three humanlike gods in Hinduism. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the lowest level of ancient Indian society given menial tasks?

Untouchables Signup and view all the answers

What are the eight steps that Buddhists follow on the path to enlightenment called?

Middle Path Signup and view all the answers

What does self-denial as a method to achieve an understanding of ultimate reality refer to?

Asceticism Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate reality known as in Hinduism?

Nirvana Signup and view all the answers

What message did Siddhartha Gautama convey about suffering and desire?

Four Noble Truths Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Buddha mean?

The enlightened one. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the founder of Buddhism?

Siddhartha Gautama Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that Buddhism differed from Hinduism?

People should be responsible for their own lives. Signup and view all the answers

What did Buddhists reject in their beliefs compared to Hinduism?

The many gods. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Eightfold Path include regarding work?

Do work that uplifts our being. Signup and view all the answers

What type of religious structure was originally meant to house relics of Buddha?

Stupa Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered a famous Indian mathematician who used algebra?

Aryabhata Signup and view all the answers

Under which monarch did India's golden age of culture flourish?

Candra Gupta II Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the greatest ruler in Indian history?

Asoka Signup and view all the answers

What is a literary work about the fictional ruler Rama?

The Ramayana Signup and view all the answers

Who spread over northern India after the collapse of the Mauryan Empire?

Kushans Signup and view all the answers

From what did Gupta rulers earn large profits?

Religious trade Signup and view all the answers

What did Asoka do during his reign?

Set up hospitals for people and animals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the warrior class in ancient Indian society called?

Kshatriyas Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for commoners, including merchants and farmers in ancient India?

Vaisyas Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the priestly class in ancient Indian society?

Brahmins Signup and view all the answers

What was the term for peasants or servants in ancient Indian society?

Sudras Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'emerged' mean?

To manifest; to rise from an obscure or inferior position/condition. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Varnas refer to?

Name given by the Aryan people towards others of an ideal social structure of 4 groups. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of the caste system in ancient India?

Set of rigid categories that determined a person's occupation and economic potential as well as position in society, partly on skin color. Signup and view all the answers

What is Hinduism?

Major Indian religious system with origins in the beliefs of the Aryans who settled in India after 1500 B.C.E. Signup and view all the answers

What is the practice of yoga in the context of Hinduism?

A method of training developed by the Hindus that is supposed to lead to oneness with Brahman. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of reincarnation?

Rebirth of an individual's soul in a different form after death. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'process' refer to?

Progress; series of actions or operations leading into an end. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of karma?

Force generated by a person's actions that determines how the person will be reborn in the next life. Signup and view all the answers

What does dharma represent in Hinduism?

The divine law that rules karma; requires all people to do their duty based on their status in society. Signup and view all the answers

What is Buddhism?

Religious doctrine introduced in Northern India in the sixth century BC by Siddhartha Gautama. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'devote' mean?

To commit by a solemn act. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate reality in Hinduism?

The end of the self and a reunion with the Great World Soul. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'rigidly' mean?

Inflexibly set in opinion. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'conversion'?

The change from one belief or form to another. Signup and view all the answers

What does welfare refer to?

Something that aids or promotes well-being. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Silk Road?

Route between the Roman Empire and China, most valuable product. Signup and view all the answers

What are pilgrims?

Persons who travel to a shrine or holy space. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Vedas?

Earliest known Indian literature containing religious chants and stories originally passed down orally. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Caste System and Society

The caste system is a rigid social structure in Indian society, defining occupations and social standing.
Varnas, established by Aryans, divide society into four main groups: Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaisyas (commoners/merchants), and Sudras (peasants/servants).
Untouchables occupy the lowest tier, facing societal ostracism and often performing menial tasks.

Hinduism Basics

Hinduism emphasizes belief in a single, universal force known as Brahman.
Core beliefs include karma (the force of actions influencing rebirth) and reincarnation (rebirth of the soul).
Yoga serves as a method to achieve oneness with Brahman, promoting spiritual practices and training.
Key deities include Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Preserver), and Shiva (the Destroyer), representing different aspects of existence.

Buddhist Principles

Buddhism, founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha), teaches the Four Noble Truths, addressing suffering and desire.
The path to enlightenment is described by the Middle Path, emphasizing a balanced approach to life.
Asceticism, or self-denial, is practiced to reach ultimate reality, known as Nirvana, where the self is reunited with the Great World Soul.

Historical Figures and Developments

Asoka, the greatest ruler in Indian history, is noted for establishing hospitals during his reign and promoting welfare.
Candra Gupta II oversaw India's golden age of culture, enhancing prosperity and artistic achievements.
Aryabhata, an influential Indian mathematician, was among the first to use algebra in his work.

Cultural Achievements

The Ramayana is a significant literary work detailing the adventures of the fictional ruler Rama.
Stupas are religious structures originally designed to house relics of the Buddha.
The Silk Road was vital for trade, connecting the Roman Empire to China and facilitating cultural exchanges.

Core Concepts and Terminology

Dharma represents the divine law governing karma, mandating societal duties based on individual status.
The Vedas are the earliest known Indian literature, encompassing religious chants and orally transmitted stories.
Pilgrims journey to sacred sites, reflecting the importance of spiritual travel in various beliefs.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms and concepts from World History Chapter 5. Explore important elements such as the caste system, Hinduism, and the practice of yoga. This quiz is designed to reinforce your understanding of Indian society and its historical context.