Questions and Answers
What is the Portuguese name given to a rigid social structure in Indian society?
What do followers of Hinduism believe in?
A single, universal force called Brahman.
What is the method of training developed by the Hindus that is supposed to lead to oneness with Brahman?
Yoga
What is the force generated by a person's actions that determines how the person will be reborn in the next life?
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What is the name given by Aryans in ancient India to a social structure that divided society into four groups?
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What is the priestly class of ancient Indian society called?
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What is the Hindu belief about reincarnation?
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Who are Brahma the Creator, Vishnu the Preserver, and Shiva the Destroyer?
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Who were the lowest level of ancient Indian society given menial tasks?
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What are the eight steps that Buddhists follow on the path to enlightenment called?
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What does self-denial as a method to achieve an understanding of ultimate reality refer to?
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What is the ultimate reality known as in Hinduism?
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What message did Siddhartha Gautama convey about suffering and desire?
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What does the term Buddha mean?
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Who was the founder of Buddhism?
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What is one way that Buddhism differed from Hinduism?
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What did Buddhists reject in their beliefs compared to Hinduism?
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What does the Eightfold Path include regarding work?
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What type of religious structure was originally meant to house relics of Buddha?
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Who is considered a famous Indian mathematician who used algebra?
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Under which monarch did India's golden age of culture flourish?
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Who is known as the greatest ruler in Indian history?
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What is a literary work about the fictional ruler Rama?
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Who spread over northern India after the collapse of the Mauryan Empire?
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From what did Gupta rulers earn large profits?
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What did Asoka do during his reign?
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What is the warrior class in ancient Indian society called?
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What is the term for commoners, including merchants and farmers in ancient India?
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What is the term for the priestly class in ancient Indian society?
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What was the term for peasants or servants in ancient Indian society?
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What does the term 'emerged' mean?
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What does the term Varnas refer to?
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What is the definition of the caste system in ancient India?
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What is Hinduism?
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What is the practice of yoga in the context of Hinduism?
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What is the definition of reincarnation?
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What does the term 'process' refer to?
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What is the definition of karma?
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What does dharma represent in Hinduism?
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What is Buddhism?
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What does the term 'devote' mean?
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What is the ultimate reality in Hinduism?
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What does the term 'rigidly' mean?
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What is meant by the term 'conversion'?
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What does welfare refer to?
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What is the Silk Road?
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What are pilgrims?
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What are the Vedas?
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Study Notes
Caste System and Society
- The caste system is a rigid social structure in Indian society, defining occupations and social standing.
- Varnas, established by Aryans, divide society into four main groups: Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaisyas (commoners/merchants), and Sudras (peasants/servants).
- Untouchables occupy the lowest tier, facing societal ostracism and often performing menial tasks.
Hinduism Basics
- Hinduism emphasizes belief in a single, universal force known as Brahman.
- Core beliefs include karma (the force of actions influencing rebirth) and reincarnation (rebirth of the soul).
- Yoga serves as a method to achieve oneness with Brahman, promoting spiritual practices and training.
- Key deities include Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Preserver), and Shiva (the Destroyer), representing different aspects of existence.
Buddhist Principles
- Buddhism, founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha), teaches the Four Noble Truths, addressing suffering and desire.
- The path to enlightenment is described by the Middle Path, emphasizing a balanced approach to life.
- Asceticism, or self-denial, is practiced to reach ultimate reality, known as Nirvana, where the self is reunited with the Great World Soul.
Historical Figures and Developments
- Asoka, the greatest ruler in Indian history, is noted for establishing hospitals during his reign and promoting welfare.
- Candra Gupta II oversaw India's golden age of culture, enhancing prosperity and artistic achievements.
- Aryabhata, an influential Indian mathematician, was among the first to use algebra in his work.
Cultural Achievements
- The Ramayana is a significant literary work detailing the adventures of the fictional ruler Rama.
- Stupas are religious structures originally designed to house relics of the Buddha.
- The Silk Road was vital for trade, connecting the Roman Empire to China and facilitating cultural exchanges.
Core Concepts and Terminology
- Dharma represents the divine law governing karma, mandating societal duties based on individual status.
- The Vedas are the earliest known Indian literature, encompassing religious chants and orally transmitted stories.
- Pilgrims journey to sacred sites, reflecting the importance of spiritual travel in various beliefs.
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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms and concepts from World History Chapter 5. Explore important elements such as the caste system, Hinduism, and the practice of yoga. This quiz is designed to reinforce your understanding of Indian society and its historical context.