World History Chapter 21 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

When did the United States enter WWI?

1917

Who was the monarch who wanted to make Germany a world power in the late 1800's?

Wilhelm II

What year did Wilhelm II gain the throne of Germany?

1888

Who were Germany's allies in WWI?

Austria-Hungary and Italy Signup and view all the answers

Who were England's allies in WWI?

France and Russia Signup and view all the answers

What did the alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia become known as?

The Triple Entente Signup and view all the answers

Why did Russia not want Austria-Hungary to take over Serbia?

Russia saw itself as the protector of the Slavic nations Signup and view all the answers

What allowed the United States to have a long-term strategic reserve of trained soldiers and sailors?

The Davis Act of 1908 and the National Defense Act of 1916 Signup and view all the answers

When war broke out in Europe in 1914, what was President Wilson's official stance?

neutrality Signup and view all the answers

What threatened the neutrality of the United States in WWI?

Trade and financial relations with the Allied nations Signup and view all the answers

What date and month did the Germans sink the RMS Lusitania?

May 1915 Signup and view all the answers

What was the actual start of WWI?

Serbia's refusal to meet the Ultimatums given by Austria-Hungary following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Signup and view all the answers

On what date did Austria-Hungary declare war on Serbia?

July 28, 1914 Signup and view all the answers

What day did Germany declare war on Russia?

August 1, 1914 Signup and view all the answers

What made Great Britain declare war on Germany?

Germany's failure to respect Belgium's neutrality Signup and view all the answers

When did Great Britain declare war on Germany?

August 4, 1914 Signup and view all the answers

What was the general outcome of WWI in the year 1915?

stalemate Signup and view all the answers

When did Tsar Nicholas II's regime collapse?

March 1917 Signup and view all the answers

What helped usher the United States into WWI?

The Zimmerman Telegram Signup and view all the answers

What was the Zimmerman Telegram?

A telegram sent by Arthur Zimmerman, offering support to the Mexican government in taking over Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona Signup and view all the answers

When did the United States Congress declare war on Germany?

April 4, 1917 Signup and view all the answers

What allowed the United States to conscript men into military service?

The Selective Service Act Signup and view all the answers

What allowed the United States to imprison protesters and critics of the war?

The Espionage Act and the Sedition Act Signup and view all the answers

When was an armistice declared in WWI?

November 11, 1918 Signup and view all the answers

How many American men served in all branches of the military during WWI?

4.7 million Signup and view all the answers

What killed more men in WWI than combat?

Influenza Signup and view all the answers

Where did the deadly strain of the flu start in 1918?

Haskell County, Kansas Signup and view all the answers

How did this deadly flu spread?

through Camp Funston, where military trainees brought it to other camps and then to Europe Signup and view all the answers

What group was disproportionately affected by this flu?

People aged 18-35 Signup and view all the answers

What officially ended WWI?

the Treaty of Versailles Signup and view all the answers

What was the Red Summer?

A long series of riots in the summer of 1919 fueled by postwar racial tension Signup and view all the answers

What issue most concerned American diplomats prior to WWI?

expanding transatlantic trade Signup and view all the answers

What technologies did General John "Black Jack" Pershing use in his attempt to capture Pancho Villa?

wireless telegraph, recon aircraft, and motorized vehicles Signup and view all the answers

What was the particular spark that ignited World War I?

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and Grand Duchess Sophie Signup and view all the answers

Where did Germany first invade in WWI?

Belgium Signup and view all the answers

How did black leaders respond to WWI?

They lobbied to get black soldiers on the front lines to prove their worth Signup and view all the answers

What position were female military doctors and nurses not granted during WWI?

that of a commissioned officer Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Russian army disintegrate?

The Russian Revolution Signup and view all the answers

What was the Kaiserschlacht?

Germany launching five major attacks in spring, all of which failed Signup and view all the answers

What disease proved most deadly during and in the immediate aftermath of World War I?

influenza Signup and view all the answers

Why did the League of Nations fail?

American refusals to join Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the King-Crane Commission?

Discovery that most Middle Easterners favored an independent state free of European control Signup and view all the answers

How did the United States respond to the Bolshevik Revolution?

They opposed it but did not help Signup and view all the answers

What was the Red Summer of 1919?

Racial violence in twenty-five American cities Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

United States and WWI

The United States entered World War I in 1917.
President Wilson's official stance at the war's outbreak in 1914 was neutrality.
The Davis Act of 1908 and the National Defense Act of 1916 enabled a long-term reserve of trained soldiers and sailors.
An armistice was declared on November 11, 1918.
Congress declared war on Germany on April 4, 1917.

Key Figures and Alliances

Wilhelm II sought to establish Germany as a world power in the late 1800s, ascending to the throne in 1888.
Germany's WWI allies were Austria-Hungary and Italy; England's allies included France and Russia.
The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia formed what was known as the Triple Entente.

Causes and Events Leading to War

Russia opposed Austria-Hungary’s ambition to take over Serbia, positioning itself as the protector of Slavic nations.
The war's European roots can be traced to Serbia's refusal of ultimatums following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914, with Germany declaring war on Russia on August 1, 1914, and Great Britain declaring war on Germany on August 4, 1914 due to violation of Belgium's neutrality.
The Zimmerman Telegram was critical in drawing the U.S. into the war, proposing support for Mexico in reclaiming territories.

Combat and Outcomes

Approximately 4.7 million American men served in various military branches during WWI.
Stalemate characterized much of the fighting in 1915.
The most lethal factor contributing to casualties, exceeding combat-related deaths, was an influenza pandemic, which began in Haskell County, Kansas, in 1918.

The Selective Service Act allowed the U.S. to conscript men for military service.
The Espionage Act and Sedition Act enabled the imprisonment of war critics and protesters.
Female military doctors and nurses were not granted commissioned officer status during WWI.
Black leaders advocated for front-line service of African American soldiers to demonstrate their capabilities during the war.

Post-War Context

The Treaty of Versailles officially ended WWI, while the League of Nations ultimately failed due to the U.S. refusal to join.
The King-Crane Commission indicated support among Middle Easterners for independence free of European control.
The Red Summer of 1919 was marked by significant racial violence across twenty-five American cities, reflecting post-war tensions.

Miscellaneous

The Kaiserschlacht refers to Germany’s series of failed major spring attacks in 1918.
The Russian army disintegrated because of the Russian Revolution.
The outbreak of racial violence in 1919 was a direct consequence of the societal disruptions caused by WWI and the subsequent return of troops.

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Description

Test your knowledge of World War I events and key figures with these flashcards from Chapter 21. Learn about the United States' involvement, important leaders like Wilhelm II, and the alliances formed during the war. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of this pivotal time in history.