World History Chapter 17 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'Renaissance' refer to?

A period of renewed interest in classical culture (correct)

A movement for religious reform

A type of painting

A period of artistic decline

During what period did the Renaissance take place?

1300-1600

What is Humanism?

A Renaissance intellectual movement focusing on human potential and achievements.

What does the term 'secular' mean?

Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Patron?

A person who supports artists, especially financially. Signup and view all the answers

What is perspective in art?

An artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface. Signup and view all the answers

What is the vernacular?

The everyday language of people in a region or country. Signup and view all the answers

What is Utopia?

An imaginary land described by Thomas More in his book. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Printing Press?

A machine for reproducing written material by pressing paper against arrangements of inked type. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Gutenberg Bible?

The first full-sized book printed with movable type and a printing press. Signup and view all the answers

What is an indulgence?

A pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Reformation?

A 16th century movement for religious reform. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Martin Luther?

The founder of a Protestant church based on his teachings. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Peace of Augsburg?

A 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to annul something?

To cancel or put an end to. Signup and view all the answers

What is predestination?

The doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand. Signup and view all the answers

What is Calvinism?

A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin. Signup and view all the answers

What is theocracy?

A government controlled by religious leaders. Signup and view all the answers

What does the word 'Anabaptist' mean?

Baptize again. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Jesuits focus on?

Founded superb schools and converted non-Christians. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Council of Trent?

A meeting of Roman Catholic leaders to rule on doctrines criticized by Protestant reformers. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Act of Supremacy?

This document made the English King the head of the English Church. Signup and view all the answers

What did Machiavelli write?

The Prince Signup and view all the answers

Who were Erasmus and More?

Two main Christian humanists. Signup and view all the answers

What did Rabelais believe about human nature?

Humans are basically good. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the Printing Press?

Rise in literacy and increase in learning. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Council of Trent conclude about the Church's interpretation of the Bible?

It was final. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Marguerite of Navarre?

A woman who protected John Calvin from execution. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Renaissance

A transformative period in European history lasting from approximately 1300 to 1600, marked by a revival of classical culture influencing art and learning.
Emphasis on humanism, showcasing potential and achievements of individuals.

Key Concepts in Renaissance

Humanism: An intellectual movement focused on classical texts highlighting human potential and achievements.
Secularism: An approach prioritizing worldly concerns over spiritual ones.
Perspective: A technique in art that creates the illusion of three dimensions on a flat surface.
Vernacular: Common language spoken by people, used by writers to reach wider audiences.

Printing Revolution

Printing Press: Revolutionized communication by allowing mass production of written material.
Gutenberg Bible: The first significant book printed using movable type, symbolizing the spread of literacy and ideas.
Effects included increased literacy, rise in vernacular literature, and religious reforms.

Religious Transformations

Indulgence: A church practice pardoning individuals from punishment for sins, leading to controversy and reform.
Reformation: A religious movement in the 16th century challenging the Catholic Church’s authority, resulting in new Protestant denominations.
Lutheranism: Founded on Martin Luther's principles; emphasized forgiveness, faith, and scriptural authority.
Protestantism: Unifying term for various Christian groups arising from the Reformation.
Council of Trent: A crucial assembly of church leaders to address reform and clarify doctrines.

Notable Figures and Families

Medici Family: Influential patrons in Florence, playing a pivotal role in the Renaissance.
Machiavelli: Philosopher known for "The Prince," examining political power and leadership.
Erasmus and Thomas More: Key Christian humanists advocating for reform and education.
John Calvin: Founder of Calvinism, promoting ideas of predestination and a disciplined Christian life.
Henry VIII: English monarch whose split from the Catholic Church led to the creation of the Church of England.

Key Events and Terms

95 Theses: Martin Luther’s criticisms of indulgences, catalyzing the Reformation.
Peace of Augsburg: A 1555 agreement allowing German rulers to choose their state's religion.
Act of Supremacy: Declared the English monarch as the head of the Church of England, severing ties with the Pope.
Predestination: A Calvinist belief that God has predetermined who will be saved, fundamental in shaping Protestant theology.

Arts and Literature

Renaissance Artists: Focused on realism, humanism, and classical themes; notable artists include Donatello and Raphael.
Rabelais: His work "Gargantua and Pantagruel" explored humanism’s themes in vernacular French.
Shakespeare: Analyzed human nature and society through plays, examining themes of flaws and virtues.

Women in Reform and Renaissance

Prominent figures like Marguerite of Navarre, Katherina Zell, and Katherina von Bora challenged societal norms and contributed to the discourse surrounding women’s roles during the Reformation.

Final Summation of Reformation Outcomes

Led to a flourishing of Protestant churches, decline of the pope's unifying power in Europe, empowerment of monarchs, and diversification of Christian beliefs.

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Test your knowledge on Chapter 17 of World History with this set of flashcards. Cover key concepts such as Renaissance, Humanism, and more. Perfect for reviewing significant cultural movements and their impacts on European history.