World History Chapter 13

Study Notes

Chapter 13

Cultural Crossroads: A geographic area where multiple cultures and ethnic groups interact, often due to trade, migration, or political interaction.
Regions of Europe: Europe can be divided into regions based on geographic, cultural, historical, or economic factors. Commonly recognized regions include East and Mediterranean.
Art and Literature: Refers to cultural products like visual arts (painting, sculpture, architecture) and written works.
Christianity: A major monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
- Roman Catholic: A branch of Christianity that follows the Pope and includes sacraments, emphasis on Church authority, and tradition.
- Eastern Orthodoxy: A branch of Christianity originating in Eastern Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean, distinct from Roman Catholicism. The Eastern Orthodox Church does not recognize the authority of the Pope.
Bubonic Plague (Black Death): A devastating pandemic (1347-1351) that killed an estimated one-third of the population in Europe (25 million).
Holocaust: The systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by Nazi Germany and its allies during World War II.
Nordic Countries: A region in Northern Europe comprising Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, sharing historical, cultural, and linguistic ties.
Euro: The official currency of Europe.
Balkanization: The process of fragmentation or division of a region or country into smaller, often hostile, political units.
Satellite Nation: A country formally independent, but heavily influenced or controlled by a more powerful nation (through political, military, or economic means).
Anti-Semitism: Prejudice, discrimination, or hostility against Jews, existing for centuries in various religious, social, economic, and racial forms.