World History Chapter 13

Chapter 13

• Cultural Crossroads: A geographic area where multiple cultures and ethnic groups interact, often due to trade, migration, or political interaction.
• Regions of Europe: Europe can be divided into regions based on geographic, cultural, historical, or economic factors. Commonly recognized regions include East and Mediterranean.
• Art and Literature: Refers to cultural products like visual arts (painting, sculpture, architecture) and written works.
• Christianity: A major monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
  • Roman Catholic: A branch of Christianity that follows the Pope and includes sacraments, emphasis on Church authority, and tradition.
  • Eastern Orthodoxy: A branch of Christianity originating in Eastern Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean, distinct from Roman Catholicism. The Eastern Orthodox Church does not recognize the authority of the Pope.
• Bubonic Plague (Black Death): A devastating pandemic (1347-1351) that killed an estimated one-third of the population in Europe (25 million).
• Holocaust: The systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by Nazi Germany and its allies during World War II.
• Nordic Countries: A region in Northern Europe comprising Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, sharing historical, cultural, and linguistic ties.
• Euro: The official currency of Europe.
• Balkanization: The process of fragmentation or division of a region or country into smaller, often hostile, political units.
• Satellite Nation: A country formally independent, but heavily influenced or controlled by a more powerful nation (through political, military, or economic means).
• Anti-Semitism: Prejudice, discrimination, or hostility against Jews, existing for centuries in various religious, social, economic, and racial forms.