Workshop Technology - Hand Tools

Workshop Technology - Hand Processes

• Hand tools are used to remove small amounts of material from small areas of the workpiece.
• Hand tools are used when:
  • No machine is available.
  • The workpiece is too large.
  • The workpiece shape is complicated.
  • It is too expensive to set a machine.

Sample Hand Tools

• Screwdriver
• C-Clamp
• Pliers
• File
• Hammer
• Chisel
• Hacksaw
• Copying Saw
• Wood File
• Bench Drill
• Hand Drill
• Grinder
• Gimlet
• Adjustable Spanner
• Spanner/Wrench
• Vise

Other Hand Tools

• Engineer's files: Made of high carbon and heat-treated steel alloys, tougher than the materials being filed.
• Hacksaw: Used to cut various materials (steel, plastics, wood). The frame can be adjusted to accommodate different blade sizes. Blade size is measured by the number of teeth per inch (TPI). Higher TPI = finer blade.
• Cold Chisels: Used to cut metal, wood, or plastic. Made from hardened and tempered high-carbon steel. Types include firmer, bevel-edge, mortise, and gouge chisels. Correct cutting angle is crucial; 90° for digging, 0° for slipping.
• Scrapers: Used in metalworking to remove surface defects and high spots on machined parts. Also used in woodworking to smooth curved surfaces.
• Hammers: Made of hardened and tempered high-carbon steel. Vary in mass (0.1kg to 1kg). Usually have a wooden handle. Two ends: Face (flat striking surface) and Pein (various shapes for specific applications). Soft-faced hammers are used for soft metals like aluminum, often with copper or plastic inserts.
• ScrewDrivers: Common tools made of toughened alloy steel. Used only for tightening or loosening screws.

Hand Files

• Classified by:
  • Length
  • Shape
  • Cut (tooth shape)
• Types:
  • Flat (hand) Files: Used for general filing of metals like steel. Rectangular in section, safe edges.
  • Half Round Files: Used for filing curved surfaces not suitable for flat files.
  • Three Square Files: Useful for filing tight corners/sharp angles. Have three rectangular surfaces on a triangular section and allows fit into corners.
  • Round Files: Very thin and fit into small holes/openings.
  • Square Files: Thin and useful for filing slots with right corners.
• Grades: Rough, Bastard, Second Cut, Smooth, Very Smooth, based on teeth roughness/smoothness.

General Remarks

• Hand tools are used for scratching, filing, cutting, chiseling, and hammering.
• They are made from hardened and tempered high-quality steels.

Explore the essential hand processes in workshop technology through this quiz. Learn about various hand tools, their functions, and when to use them instead of machinery. Test your knowledge on tools like screwdrivers, clamps, and chisels.