Working Memory Overview

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Questions and Answers

What type of questions should be used during the orientation to place procedure?

Only open questions

Only situational questions

A mix of open and closed questions (correct)

Only closed questions

What is the total point value assigned to the 'Orientation to Place' procedure?

5 points (correct)

3 points

2 points

8 points

How many words need to be registered during the 'Registration of Three Words' procedure?

Five words

Four words

Two words

Three words (correct)

Which of the following should be the characteristics of the objects selected for the 'Registration of Three Words'?

Common objects not exceeding two syllables (D) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the patient’s condition is to be noted during the orientation procedure?

Signs and symptoms present at the time of interview (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is assessed during the attention and calculation portion of the assessment?

Attention span and numerical calculation skills (C) Signup and view all the answers

During what aspect of the assessment must a participant remember three objects?

Registration of Three Words (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested behavior of the interviewer while conducting the orientation to place?

To conduct the assessment in an informal enquiry manner (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest possible score on the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE)?

30 (A) Signup and view all the answers

A score of less than what value on the MMSE indicates the presence of cognitive impairment?

24 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which score range denotes mild cognitive impairment on the MMSE?

18-24 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a noted critique of the MMSE based on the content provided?

Too many easy items (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the score range for severe cognitive impairment according to established levels?

0-17 (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the Montreal Cognitive Assessment - Philippines (MOCA-P), what kind of test is the clock drawing exercise considered?

Visuo-constructional skills test (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals is NOT mentioned as an example to be named during the assessment?

Elephant (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that follows after introducing a word list in the context of memory assessment?

Delayed recall (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate capacity of short-term memory?

7 items, plus or minus 2 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to information in short-term memory if it is not rehearsed?

It is lost in about 20 seconds (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for overseeing the flow of information between memories?

Central executive (A) Signup and view all the answers

What technique can help improve short-term memory retention?

Chunking of items (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of information storage in long-term memory?

Permanent (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the phonological loop in working memory?

To facilitate inner speech (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about long-term memory is accurate?

It accumulates information over a lifetime. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of working memory?

Sensory register (C) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) primarily focus on compared to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)?

Attention and executive functions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive ability does the Lotca primarily assess?

Basic cognitive abilities (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Lotca, what is required from a client during the verbal fluency task?

To think of words beginning with a specific letter (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does a high premorbid IQ indicate about a client?

They may be more sensitive to cognitive deficits (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the serial 7’s task?

To evaluate attention and calculation skills (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the concept of abstraction in cognitive assessments?

It gauges recognition of similarities (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which group of individuals is more likely to be assessed using the LOTCA?

Individuals with neurological deficits and mental health issues (B) Signup and view all the answers

Who were the proponents behind the development of the LOTCA?

Itzkovich, Averbuch, Elazar, and Katz (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the LOTCA-G measure?

Selective attention (D) Signup and view all the answers

How is the score calculated in the memory subtest of LOTCA-G?

By dividing total time by the number of symbols detected (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of symbols that can be detected in the visual selective attention test?

20 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is NOT mentioned as part of the LOTCA-G procedures?

Puzzle solving (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the LOTCA-G, what does an auditory elevator with reversal involve?

Listening to a sequence of numbers in reverse order (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the DLOTCA?

It is similar to LOTCA but with additional features (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'elevator counting with distraction' activity?

To test selective attention amid interference (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'non-standardized tools' in the context of LOTCA-G?

Activities that do not follow established scoring protocols (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Working Memory Components

Short-term Memory (STM): Holds information for seconds to minutes with a capacity of 7 ± 2 items; chunking aids memorization.
If not rehearsed, information is lost from STM in about 20 seconds.
Long-term Memory (LTM): Stores information permanently with an unknown or infinite capacity.

Key Components of Working Memory

Central Executive: Oversees information flow, manages STM and LTM interactions, and integrates new information.
Phonological Loop: Involves “inner speech” or self-talk, aiding in task management and memory.

Mini-Mental Status Examination

Conducted via informal inquiry assessing orientation to place and registration of words.
Registration Tasks: Naming three objects (e.g., apple, table, penny) that must be two syllables or less to facilitate memory recall.
Scoring for MMSE ranges from 0 to 30; below 24 indicates cognitive impairment.

Levels of Impairment in MMSE

None: Score of 24-30
Mild: Score of 18-24
Severe: Score of 0-17
Criticisms include low reliability and sensitivity for detecting mild cognitive impairment.

Delayed Recall and Language Tasks

Delayed recall emphasizes attention and executive function; requires participants to remember and recite words after a set interval.
Sentence repetition tests verbal memory and cognitive processing.
Verbal fluency tasks involve naming words that start with a specific letter, assessing word retrieval ability.

LOTCA Cognitive Assessment

Developed by Itzkovich, Averbuch, Elazar, and Katz; assesses cognitive abilities in adults with neurological and mental health issues.
LOTCA-G has a memory subtest, measuring selective attention through tasks like searching symbols on a colored map.
Scoring for attention tasks is based on the number of symbols found within a time limit.

Activities and Tests for Attention and Memory

Uses non-standardized tools to evaluate attention and memory, offering flexibility in assessment.
Includes engaging tasks like elevator counting and visual/auditory symbol searches, adapting to test different cognitive functions.

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Description

Explore the intricacies of working memory, focusing on short-term and long-term memory distinctions. This quiz delves into how short-term memory functions and its capacity limits, along with its role in executive functions. Test your understanding of these concepts and their applications.