Word Formation and Classes

Word Formation

• Prefixes: attached to the beginning of a word to change its meaning (e.g., un-, re-, de-)
• Suffixes: attached to the end of a word to change its meaning (e.g., -ful, -less, -ly)
• Root words: core words that can be modified with prefixes and suffixes (e.g., run, write)
• Compounding: combining two or more words to create a new word (e.g., bookshelf, toothbrush)

Word Classes

• Nouns: people, places, things, and ideas (e.g., dog, London, happiness)
• Verbs: actions or states of being (e.g., run, eat, be)
• Adjectives: describe nouns or pronouns (e.g., happy, big, blue)
• Adverbs: describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., quickly, very, well)
• Pronouns: replace nouns in a sentence (e.g., he, she, it)
• Prepositions: show relationships between words (e.g., in, on, at)
• Conjunctions: connect words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., and, but, or)
• Interjections: express emotion or feeling (e.g., oh, wow, ouch)

Vocabulary Building Strategies

• Contextual learning: learn words in context, rather than as isolated vocabulary lists
• Mnemonics: create associations between words and memorable images or phrases
• Repetition: review words regularly to reinforce learning
• Active learning: engage with words through writing, speaking, and listening activities

Word Lists

• Homophones: words that sound the same but have different meanings (e.g., to, two, too)
• Homographs: words that are spelled the same but have different meanings (e.g., bank, bank)
• Idioms: phrases with non-literal meanings (e.g., "break a leg," "bend over backwards")
• Collocations: common word combinations (e.g., "strong tea," "high hopes")

Word Formation Strategies

• Prefixes are attached to the beginning of a word to change its meaning, such as un-, re-, and de-.
• Suffixes are attached to the end of a word to change its meaning, such as -ful, -less, and -ly.
• Root words are core words that can be modified with prefixes and suffixes, such as run, write.
• Compounding involves combining two or more words to create a new word, such as bookshelf, toothbrush.

Word Classes and Their Characteristics

• Nouns represent people, places, things, and ideas, such as dog, London, happiness.
• Verbs express actions or states of being, such as run, eat, be.
• Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns, such as happy, big, blue.
• Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, such as quickly, very, well.
• Pronouns replace nouns in a sentence, such as he, she, it.
• Prepositions show relationships between words, such as in, on, at.
• Conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses, such as and, but, or.
• Interjections express emotion or feeling, such as oh, wow, ouch.

Effective Vocabulary Building Strategies

• Contextual learning involves learning words in context, rather than as isolated vocabulary lists.
• Mnemonics create associations between words and memorable images or phrases.
• Repetition involves reviewing words regularly to reinforce learning.
• Active learning engages with words through writing, speaking, and listening activities.

Word Lists and Their Characteristics

• Homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings, such as to, two, too.
• Homographs are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings, such as bank, bank.
• Idioms are phrases with non-literal meanings, such as "break a leg," "bend over backwards."
• Collocations are common word combinations, such as "strong tea," "high hopes."