Wool Quality and Evaluation
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following methods can be used to submit a completed complaint form to USDA?

  • By mail, fax, or email (correct)
  • Only through email to USDA
  • By hand delivery to any USDA office
  • Only through fax to USDA
  • What is the primary benefit of skirting a fleece?

  • To add weight to the fleece
  • To enhance color uniformity
  • To remove low yielding areas (correct)
  • To increase the overall yield percentage
  • Which of the following best describes the environmental benefits of wool?

  • Renewable and biodegradable (correct)
  • Requires extensive chemical processing
  • Non-biodegradable
  • Emits significant greenhouse gases
  • Which factor is NOT emphasized for improving clean wool yield?

    <p>Using colored fleeces for market appeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of wool contributes to its odor-resistant properties?

    <p>Overlapping small scales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the structure of wool fibers contribute to its durability?

    <p>They are elastic and maintain their shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What length of fleece is generally required for optimal processing?

    <p>3 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary reasons shearers cut sheep wool?

    <p>To prevent overheating in warmer months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does crimp in wool indicate?

    <p>The fineness of the wool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What minimum length should wool typically be for quality assessments?

    <p>3 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which housing practice can negatively affect wool yield?

    <p>Using shavings for bedding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the condition of a fleece indicate?

    <p>It should appear fresh and soft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about wool is NOT true?

    <p>Wool burns easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does 'crimp' play in the quality of wool?

    <p>Affects its elasticity and shape retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of black spots affect a predominantly white fleece?

    <p>It decreases its desirability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the broad categories of wool grades based on fiber diameter?

    <p>Fine, Medium, Coarse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of allowing a fleece to become longer than 5 inches?

    <p>It becomes hard to process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the measurement of fiber diameter using a laser?

    <p>Micron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wool grade is especially suitable for close to skin clothing like socks and shirts?

    <p>Fine wool grades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a higher spin count indicate about wool?

    <p>It is finer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wool type is characterized by the largest diameter and most rigidity?

    <p>Coarse grades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of wool grading, what does the term 'Blood Grade' refer to?

    <p>The genetic percentage of Merino</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a staple in wool terminology?

    <p>A fiber bundle with many small fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors are assessed to determine the clean wool yield from fleece?

    <p>Cleanliness and visible dirt content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the determining factor for the clean wool price?

    <p>Clean wool yield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the grease fleece value calculated?

    <p>By multiplying clean price by clean wool yield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a higher clean wool yield indicate?

    <p>More clean wool from the greasy fleece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the grease fleece price is $2.25/lb and the total grease weight is 500 lbs, what is the total wool value?

    <p>$1,125</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT considered when evaluating the quality of wool?

    <p>Grease weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by wool that looks 'frowsy'?

    <p>It has a loose and unkempt appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the clean wool price reported at $3.75/lb relevant for producers?

    <p>It determines their payment for greasy wool.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the grade of wool is 64's, what does this number indicate?

    <p>The diameter of the fibers in microns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Wool Quality and Evaluation

    • Wool is non-flammable and won't stick to skin when it burns
    • Retains 30% of its weight before feeling wet; warm in winter, cool in summer
    • Elastic; wool carpets last long and clothing shape doesn't change after washing
    • Biodegradable, renewable, and emits less greenhouse gasses in production than man-made products
    • Reduces carbon footprint
    • Repels odors due to fiber structure
    • Lighter than other materials of similar bulk due to low density
    • Offers greater UV protection than cotton or most synthetics (30+ UV protection factor)
    • South Dakota produces enough wool to wrap around the world over 1,200 times annually.

    Why is Shearing Necessary?

    Wool Quality Considerations

    • Grade: Micron fineness of the wool (micro-meter measurements)
    • Weight/Yield: Amount of clean wool a fleece generates
    • Length: Minimum 3 inches; longer ideal but not overgrown (>5")
    • Color, Crimp Condition: Bright white (no black spots); presence and tightness of crimp (curly nature) for fineness; overall "fresh" and healthy appearance; no stains

    Wool Grade

    • Based on fiber diameter (fine, medium, coarse)
    • Also sometimes categorized by micron (laser measurement) or spinning count (yarn produced per pound) -higher micron = coarser wool -higher spinning count = finer wool)
    • Older system based on bloodline (Merino genetics); now used mainly in judging contests for youth. Common grades include: Fine, Half, Three-eighths, Quarter, and Low Quarter

    Wool Types

    • Fine: Small diameter, least rigid; best for close-to-skin clothing (socks, etc.)
    • Medium: "Middle" diameter and rigidity; suitable for socks, blankets, sweaters, etc
    • Coarse: Largest diameter, most rigid; used for carpets, blankets, or insulation.

    Terminology

    • Staple: Group of fibers
    • Medullated Fibers: Hollow fiber centers. Dyes can penetrate to the core

    Spinning Count & Micron (by Blood Grade)

    • Chart showing spinning count (lb of wool needed for a yarn) and micron values (fiber diameter) for different blood grades.

    Grease Fleece Weight & Clean Wool Yield

    • Clean wool yield is determined by testing in a lab (Percentage yield)
    • Heavy fleeces can be dirty; dirt and bedding matter reduce yield.

    How to Improve Yield

    • Management:
    • Improve feed to limit vegetable matter (VM), such as forage
    • Reduce the use of overhead hay feeders in favor of forage-based grazing systems
    • Keep houses clean, dry, and bedding to avoid wool contamination
    • Skirting: Removing low-quality wool areas (High VM, medullated fibers, and belly wool)
    • Floor Maintenance: Maintain cleanliness of shearing floor.

    Length

    • Fleeces should be about 1 year of growth
    • Coarser fleeces are typically longer and ideal
    • Avoid overly long fleeces (>5")

    Color, Crimp, Condition

    • Color: Ideal wool color is bright and white with no black spots; colored wool may have less sun bleaching if it is not white
    • Crimp: Small and close = finer and smoother; Large, wavy crimp = coarser
    • Condition: Healthy fleeces are soft and look fresh; strong and springy; no "frowsy" look or appearance of lack of crimps

    Wool Value

    • Grade: Wool's quality
    • Clean Wool Price: Price per pound of clean wool
    • Clean Wool Yield: Percentage of clean wool compared to the total weight of the fleece
    • Weight: Total fleece weight

    Greasy Wool Pricing

    • Clean wool price is reported on the market; however, producers are typically paid for the grease weight of their fleece. Calculation examples given.

    Contact Information

    • Jaelyn Whaley's contact information (name, title, organization, address, phone, and email address).

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    Wool Quality and Evaluation PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential qualities of wool, including its unique properties and benefits over synthetic materials. It delves into why shearing is necessary for quality wool production and the key considerations for evaluating wool grade, weight, and length. Test your knowledge on this valuable natural fiber!

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