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What are the two different wool yarn manufacturing systems?
What type of wool is normally used to make worsted yarn?
Fleece wool
Worsted yarn manufacturing requires gilling and combing.
True
Which method does woollen yarn follow for spinning?
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What characteristics define worsted yarn compared to woollen yarn?
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Fleece wool with staples longer than 60 mm is used for the ______ system.
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Woollen yarn is usually created from fibres of the sheep's fleece that are greater than ______ in length.
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Match the following wool types with their respective systems:
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Which of the following is a distinctive feature of rotor spinning compared to ring spinning?
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Rotor spinning can have production rates that are 6-8 times higher than ring spinning.
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What type of yarn is primarily produced using rotor spinning?
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The maximum rotor speed in rotor spinning can reach up to _____ rpm.
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What implication does the absence of combing and roving operations have in rotor spinning?
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What is one of the reasons rotor spinning is considered cost-effective?
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In rotor spinning, yarn defects are cleared using a _____ device.
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Synthetic staple fibers like polyester can be effectively open-end spun.
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Match the following properties with their respective rotor spinning implications:
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Study Notes
Wool Yarn Manufacturing
- There are two main types of wool yarn: Woollen and Worsted
- Worsted yarn is made from longer, finer wool fibers that are less contaminated.
- Woollen yarn is made from shorter, more variable wool fibers.
- Worsted yarn manufacturing involves gilling and combing to create a sliver.
- Worsted yarn uses the drawn-spun method for yarn spinning.
- Woollen yarn manufacturing does not include gilling or combing.
- Woollen yarn uses the condenser-spun method for yarn spinning.
Choosing the Right Wool System
- Worsted system typically utilizes fleece wool with staples longer than 60 mm and a diameter of 12-24μm.
- Worsted system wool is often referred to as "combing wool".
- Woollen system utilizes shorter fibers (less than 40-50 mm or greater than 80-120 mm) with a diameter of 20-30μm.
- Woollen system wool is often referred to as "carding wool".
Worsted vs. Woollen Yarn Properties
- Worsted yarns are smooth and uniform, used for lighter and smoother fabrics.
- Woollen yarns are bulkier than worsted yarn and used for thicker, heavier fabrics, often for warmth.
History of Open-End/Rotor Spinning
- Rotor spinning is a newer yarn formation method compared to ring spinning.
- It was widely adopted by the denim industry in the 1970s because of its efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Working Principles of Rotor/O-E Spinning
- Involves feeding sliver into a machine, where it's combed and individualized by an opening roller.
- Fibers are then deposited into a rotor, where air current and centrifugal force distribute them along the rotor's groove.
- The fibers are twisted together by the rotor's spinning action, and the yarn is continuously drawn from the rotor's center.
- The yarn is then cleared of defects and wound onto a package.
Implications of the 3 Distinctive Features
- Twisting without a spindle: Allows for faster rotor speeds (up to 160,000 rpm), leading to quicker twist insertion and yarn delivery. This results in 6-8 times higher production rates compared to ring spinning.
- Direct sliver feeding: Eliminates the need for combing and roving operations, resulting in lower capital, labor, and energy costs.
- Direct winding onto a package: Eliminates the need for separate yarn winding machines and simplifies the process.
Production-Related Setting Parameters for Rotor Yarn
- Fiber Length: Natural and man-made fibers up to 60 mm
- Rotor Speed: 35,000-160,000 rpm
- Yarn Delivery Speed: 70-350 m/min
- Tpm/Tpi: 200-1500 / 5-40
- Package Weight: Up to 6 kg or 270-350 mm diameter
Specific Applications of Rotor Yarn
- Commonly used for cotton in the medium count (50 Ne, 12 tex) to coarse count (6 Ne, 100 tex) range.
- Also effectively used for polyester-cotton blends and other short and medium staple systems.
Cost Effectiveness of Rotor Spinning
- Rotor spinning is more cost-effective than ring spinning due to:
- Eliminated need for roving and combing machines.
- Less energy required during yarn manufacturing.
- Elimination of separate yarn winding machines.
- Higher productivity due to continuous operation.
Properties of Rotor Yarn
- Rotor spun yarns are typically coarser and less smooth than ring-spun yarns, but have a good level of strength, bulk, and a more open structure.
- They often show some neps, particularly for the coarser yarns.
- Rotor spinning is used for high-volume production, especially in applications where yarn characteristics like bulk and softness are desired.
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Description
This quiz covers the manufacturing processes of wool yarn, focusing on the differences between Woollen and Worsted yarns. Learn about the methods, systems, and technical specifications involved in each type of wool yarn production.
