Building Construction Chapter 7
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Questions and Answers

What are some disadvantages related to the natural growth of a tree with regards to wood?

  • Wood is never dimensionally true (correct)
  • Wood is always dimensionally true
  • Intrinsic defects in wood do not include knots or insect damage
  • Wood does not change size or shape due to weather conditions

    • What is the practice regarding the matching of standard and stated measurements for finished boards and timbers?

  • The practice is not followed, and they are described in nominal dimensions (correct)
  • They are always matched accurately to standard measurements
  • They are usually smaller than the stated dimensions
  • The practice varies depending on the type of wood

    • What are engineered wood components produced from?

  • Synthetic materials only
  • Solid lumber and adhesive
  • Metallic particles and wood shavings
  • A combination of wood particles and a bonding agent (correct)

    • What affects wood strength?

    <p>Load direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some disadvantages of laminated wood products?

    <p>Quick and unpredictable failure in fire conditions when unprotected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is suitable for transmitting tensile stresses along the length of a beam?

    <p>Scarf joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lumber is primarily used for outside decks and railings due to its resistance to weathering?

    <p>Thermoplastic composite lumber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which engineered wood product uses sheets of veneer peeled from the outer portion of a log?

    <p>Laminated veneer lumber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wood product is made with long strands of wood up to 12 inches in length bonded with resin in a steam pressing process?

    <p>Laminated strand lumber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard size of plywood panels?

    <p>4x8 ft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wood product uses long, strand-like wood particles compressed and glued into 3 to 5 layers?

    <p>Oriented strand board (OSB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what purpose is particleboard generally not used?

    <p>Structural applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material is typically used as the core in structural insulated panels?

    <p>Expanded polystyrene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is firestopping typically required in construction?

    <p>Within stud walls at the ceiling and floor levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wood panels are commonly used as the outer layers of structural insulated panels?

    <p>Oriented Strand Board (OSB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can eliminate the 1-hour fire resistance rating requirement for Type V-A construction?

    <p>Presence of an automatic sprinkler system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual requirement for draftstopping in attic spaces with combustible construction?

    <p>Attic has to be subdivided into areas of 3,000 square feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of wood frame construction are exposed walls with no interior finish usually found?

    <p>Type V-B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial product released during the thermal decomposition of wood?

    <p>Water and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of construction does the International Building Code (IBC) allow fire-retardant treated wood in nonload-bearing partitions?

    <p>Where the required fire resistance is 2 hours or less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total amount of thermal energy that can be released if a fuel is completely burned?

    <p>Heat of combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main methods of fire-retardant treatment for wood?

    <p>Surface coating and pressure impregnation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature does pyrolysis of wood begin?

    <p>Below approximately 392°F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do most fire-retardant chemicals operate in wood?

    <p>By accelerating the formation of charring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of using water-soluble fire-retardant chemicals in wood exposed to high humidity?

    <p>They are not approved for such applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do most fire-retardant chemicals operate in wood?

    <p>By accelerating the formation of charring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of construction features continuous exterior walls from foundation to roof?

    <p>Balloon frame construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of construction is more prone to shrinkage due to the use of more horizontal members in its frame?

    <p>Platform framing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of construction are exterior wall vertical studs not continuous to the second floor?

    <p>Platform construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of construction is characterized by heavy wooden structural supports with a masonry exterior?

    <p>Type IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the identifiable features of heavy timber framing?

    <p>Internal support columns are not less than 8x8 in.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary differences between Type III and Type IV construction?

    <p>Type IV has thicker dimensions of wood structural members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is post and beam framing?

    <p>A form of wood-frame construction with posts and beams using dimensions smaller than Type IV and greater than Type V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Disadvantages of Natural Tree Growth for Wood

    • Variation in wood quality due to environmental factors like soil, moisture, and climate.
    • Natural defects such as knots, splits, and irregular grain patterns can compromise strength and aesthetics.
    • Growth rate can affect density, with slower growth typically resulting in weaker wood.

    Measurement Standards for Wood

    • Finished boards and timbers follow standard measurements to ensure consistency and reliability.
    • Standard sizes help in inventory management and ease of use in construction and furniture making.

    Engineered Wood Components

    • Produced from layers or strands of wood bonded with adhesives, enhancing structural integrity and versatility.
    • Commonly includes laminated veneer lumber and oriented strand board.

    Factors Affecting Wood Strength

    • Wood species and grain orientation significantly influence mechanical properties.
    • Moisture content and treatment processes also play key roles in determining durability and strength.

    Disadvantages of Laminated Wood Products

    • Cost can be higher compared to solid wood due to manufacturing processes.
    • Susceptible to delamination if adhesives fail or in high moisture environments.

    Suitable Joint for Tensile Stresses

    • A butt joint is effective for transmitting tensile stresses along the length of a beam.

    Lumber for Outdoor Use

    • Pressure-treated lumber is primarily used for decks and railings due to its resistance to weathering, pests, and decay.

    Engineered Wood Product with Veneer

    • Plywood utilizes sheets of veneer peeled from the outer portion of logs for its construction.

    Product Made with Long Strands of Wood

    • Strand board is created using long strands of wood, up to 12 inches long, bonded with resin and pressed in a steam process.

    Standard Size of Plywood Panels

    • Commonly sold in 4x8 feet dimensions for versatility in construction and design projects.

    Product from Long, Strand-like Wood Particles

    • Oriented Strand Board (OSB) is made with long wood strands compressed and glued into 3 to 5 layers for strength and stability.

    Particleboard Usage Limitations

    • Generally not used in applications requiring high strength or exposure to moisture, as it lacks durability compared to solid wood.

    Core Material in Structural Insulated Panels

    • Rigid foam insulation is typically used as the core, providing thermal efficiency and structural integrity in these panels.

    Firestopping Requirements in Construction

    • Required at points where fire may travel through concealed spaces, such as walls and ceilings in multi-story buildings.

    Outer Layer of Structural Insulated Panels

    • Oriented Strand Board (OSB) is often used for the outer layers due to its strength and insulation properties.

    Fire Resistance Rating Conditions

    • The requirement can be eliminated if fire-resistant materials are used throughout or if certain occupancy classifications are met.

    Draftstopping in Attic Spaces

    • Usually required to prevent the spread of fire and smoke through concealed spaces, enhancing safety in combustible construction.

    Construction with Exposed Interior Walls

    • Found in Type V construction, which commonly uses wood framing without additional interior finishes.

    Product of Thermal Decomposition of Wood

    • Volatile gases are released, including water vapor, carbon dioxide, and flammable compounds, which can fuel fires.

    Fire-Retardant Treated Wood Regulations

    • Permitted in non-load bearing partitions under the International Building Code (IBC), enhancing safety and compliance.

    Total Thermal Energy Release

    • Known as the heat of combustion, representing the energy available when a fuel is completely burned.

    Fire-Retardant Treatment Methods

    • The two main methods include pressure treatment and surface application of chemicals to enhance fire resistance.

    Temperature for Wood Pyrolysis

    • Begins around 300 to 400 degrees Fahrenheit, initiating the breakdown of wood materials.

    Operation of Fire-Retardant Chemicals

    • Most work by forming a protective char layer or releasing water vapor to inhibit combustion and heat transfer.

    Limitation of Water-Soluble Fire-Retardants

    • Ineffective in high-humidity environments, as moisture can leach out the chemicals, reducing effectiveness.

    Type of Construction with Continuous Walls

    • Platform framing features continuous exterior walls from the foundation to the roof, providing structural stability.

    Construction Prone to Shrinkage

    • Wood frame construction using more horizontal members often experiences increased shrinkage due to moisture changes.

    Construction with Discrete Vertical Studs

    • Balloon framing has vertical studs that do not extend continuously to the second floor, affecting structural integrity.

    Heavy Timber Construction Characteristics

    • Features heavy wooden structural supports, often complemented by a masonry exterior, allowing for unique designs and longevity.

    Features of Heavy Timber Framing

    • Distinctive aesthetics, large exposed beams, and durability; offers natural insulation properties and fire resistance.

    Differences Between Type III and Type IV Construction

    • Type III (Ordinary) uses wood framing with a non-combustible exterior, while Type IV (Heavy Timber) involves large wooden members with masonry.

    Post and Beam Framing

    • Involves vertical posts and horizontal beams creating a framework, allowing for open spaces and flexible design options.

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