Women's Roles in Social Work 1800s Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What was one of the primary roles of women in the early to mid-1800s related to social work?

  • Founding hospitals and clinics
  • Establishing government programs
  • Advocating for women's voting rights
  • Engaging in benevolent work (correct)

Which tradition of women's organizations emerged starting in the 1830s?

  • Rights
  • Benevolence
  • Reform (correct)
  • Welfare

What was a notable feminist organizing group founded during the women's rights tradition?

  • American Red Cross
  • United Nations Women
  • Women's Christian Temperance Union
  • National Women's Suffrage Organization (correct)

Which organizations began forming in the 1870s to coordinate charitable efforts?

<p>Charity Organization Societies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What philosophy partially influenced the Charity Organization Societies, leading to moralistic approaches?

<p>Social Darwinism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did workers in Charity Organization Societies primarily hold?

<p>Volunteers and friendly visitors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which issue was NOT a focus of the women's reform tradition in the 1830s?

<p>Support for public education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of benevolent work was historically emphasized for women?

<p>Enhancing domestic roles in public life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary criterion for decision making in client-driven models of administration?

<p>Achievement of desirable outcomes for clients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Patti (2000), what is one of the instrumental tasks administrators in human service organizations must fulfill?

<p>Acquiring resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change in terminology regarding administration and management emerged over time in social work textbooks?

<p>Management and administration began to be used interchangeably (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the first countries to establish social work education programs?

<p>Chile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major risk accompanies globalization in social work education and practice?

<p>Intellectual colonialism by Western approaches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a concern regarding Western-derived theories in social work?

<p>They may not respect history, culture, and context (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first school of social work established in North Africa and when did it open?

<p>Cairo in 1936 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect do Applewhite, Gao, and Pritzker (2018) emphasize is important for social work educators and managers?

<p>Balancing basic management skills with ethical practice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shift has occurred in community-based practice in Australia and New Zealand over recent years?

<p>Significant contributions to practice with Indigenous peoples (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW) founded?

<p>1928 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary debate in community practice?

<p>Whether to focus on local solutions or systemic change. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which roles can social workers assume in community practice?

<p>All of these roles depending on the context. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one critical skill that social workers need to mobilize communities effectively?

<p>Group work skills. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organizational change began with the Great Depression?

<p>The establishment of large-scale public organizations for human services. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the New Deal programs?

<p>Creation of an organizational framework for human services. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What landmark decision in 1954 played a significant role in the Civil Rights Movement?

<p>Brown v. Board of Education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agency was formed in 1956 as a key player in the administration of federal programs?

<p>Department of Health and Human Services. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization began the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955?

<p>Southern Christian Leadership Conference (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge is highlighted regarding social work administrators?

<p>Their administrative decisions may ignore client needs for efficiency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major social movement emerged as a response to governmental policies affecting Indigenous Americans?

<p>American Indian Movement (AIM) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend has been observed in the education of social work professionals over the years?

<p>Inclusion of diverse curricular focuses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which book is considered a catalyst for the Women's Movement?

<p>The Feminine Mystique (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major concern arose due to the growth of public bureaucracies in social work?

<p>A lack of preparation for macro practitioners. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event in 1969 is regarded as a catalyst for the Gay Liberation Movement?

<p>Stonewall Riots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What persistent theme in social work administration has been recognized over the years?

<p>Creating a defined identity within the field. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the Community Action Program (CAP) created in 1964?

<p>To achieve better coordination of community services with maximum feasible participation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role does NOT typically align with community practitioners?

<p>Financial auditor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which president initiated social welfare initiatives known as the Great Society?

<p>Lyndon B. Johnson (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant focus of community practice regarding context?

<p>Varied roles of organizations depending on mission and size. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which major social work practice model emerged during the 1960s alongside community organization?

<p>Group work (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee primarily focused on which civil rights activity?

<p>Conducting sit-ins and nonviolent protests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Gutierrez and Gant suggest about group work in social work education?

<p>It has become increasingly marginalized over the past decades. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the community practice model evolve over the past century according to Gutierrez and Gant?

<p>From planning focus to community activism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one impact of Martin Luther King Jr.'s leadership in the Civil Rights Movement?

<p>Promotion of nonviolent resistance strategies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant outcome resulted from social justice-oriented social workers' involvement in public services?

<p>Increased focus on large-scale social reform (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The economic initiative proposed by the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 aimed to address which issue?

<p>Enhancing community services and reducing poverty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Michael Harrington’s book The Other America play in social movements?

<p>It highlighted the plight of impoverished communities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the COS movement in addressing poverty?

<p>Reforming individuals who were seen as responsible for their plight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach did settlement houses emphasize in their efforts to address human needs?

<p>Systemic reform addressing societal issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant contribution did settlement houses make to the development of social work organizations?

<p>Establishing the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the goal of the settlement house movement?

<p>To tackle issues of poverty at a systemic level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the primary figures associated with the establishment of settlement houses?

<p>Jane Addams and others like her (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which distinction between micro and macro social work is indicated in the provided content?

<p>Micro social work is influenced by clinical psychology, macro by political movements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the reasons for the shift from volunteers to paid employees in social work?

<p>Emergence of advanced training programs for professionals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the attitude of COS workers towards organized labor movements?

<p>They feared and opposed organized efforts like labor movements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following did the COS movement NOT emphasize in their service provision?

<p>Community organizing initiatives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of knowledge base was sought by macro-level social work practice?

<p>An academic curriculum based on social theory and reform (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following books influenced the micro social work approach?

<p>Social Diagnosis by Mary Richmond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of the settlement house leaders regarding societal reform?

<p>They typically supported organized efforts like labor movements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did early social work education play in the professionalization of the field?

<p>It promoted systematic knowledge gathering on neighborhood issues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What societal vision did settlement houses typically embody?

<p>A pluralistic vision that transcended class and cultural divides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Abraham Flexner's view on the classification of social work?

<p>He regarded it as a semi-profession. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of Flexner's six characteristics of a true profession?

<p>Professions derive their raw material from art. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant work did Mary Richmond publish in 1917 that impacted social work?

<p>Social Diagnosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major influence solidified the focus on diagnosis in social work case practice?

<p>Freudian psychotherapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model besides micro models was developing alongside casework in social work?

<p>Macro-practice models (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which figure is associated with early community organization theory in social work?

<p>Mary Follett (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant societal context that influenced the development of social work in the 1930s?

<p>The Great Depression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Great Depression challenge traditional notions about poverty?

<p>It caused doubts about societal views on the poor's responsibility for their plight. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which legislation in 1935 was crucial for labor rights in the United States?

<p>National Labor Relations Act (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did social workers play during the New Deal era?

<p>They assumed leadership positions in social agencies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shift occurred within social work practice in the 1930s regarding social justice?

<p>Social justice advocates and mainstream social workers collaborated more closely. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the professional identity shift in social work during the early 1940s?

<p>The incorporation of social justice as part of professional identity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of unionization efforts among social workers in the late 1920s and early 1930s?

<p>Collaboration with other professionals to reduce management abuses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of community organization as advocated by early theorists?

<p>Strengthening local communities through primary groups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Benevolent Tradition

Women's organizations and programs in the 1800s focused on helping the poor and vulnerable.

Reform Tradition

Organizations formed in the 1830s pushing for social change, like abolishing slavery and promoting sex education.

Women's Rights Tradition

The movement in the mid-1800s focused on women's rights, including the right to vote.

Charity Organization Societies (COS)

A form of social work that emerged in the late 1800s, using a standardized approach to helping the poor.

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Settlement Houses

Community centers established in the late 1800s that provided social services and community support.

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Social Darwinism

A philosophy that believed in the natural selection of individuals and that the poor were responsible for their own struggles.

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Scientific Charity

The use of moralistic and sometimes judgmental methods to help the poor, often based on the belief that they needed to conform to society's expectations.

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Friendly Visitors

Middle- and upper-class women who volunteered their time to visit and assist poor individuals and families.

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Micro-level social work

A social work approach that focuses on improving individuals by addressing their personal challenges.

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Macro-level social work

A social work approach that aims to enact systemic change to address societal problems.

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Settlement House Movement

A social movement that aimed to address systemic poverty and inequality through community-based initiatives.

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Individualistic perspective on poverty

The belief that societal problems like poverty are caused by individual shortcomings or moral failings.

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Systemic perspective on poverty

The belief that societal problems like poverty are caused by systemic issues, such as unequal access and opportunity.

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Person-in-environment perspective

The idea that social problems arise from the interaction between individuals and their social environment.

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Jane Addams

A key figure in the Settlement House Movement, known for her work at Hull House in Chicago.

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Social Casework

A social work method that utilizes systematic assessment, intervention plans, and case management to address individual issues.

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Community Organization

A social work method that emphasizes community development and social action to create positive change.

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Schools of Social Work

Early training programs for social workers that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Micro vs. Macro Debate

A debate within social work about whether to prioritize individual or societal level interventions.

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Progressive Movement

A movement that advocated for social reforms, including pacifism and economic justice.

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Community Development

A model of social work practice that emphasizes community participation and collective action.

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What was the significance of the 1915 National Conference of Charities and Corrections meeting?

A meeting in 1915 where a prominent medical educator questioned whether social work was a true profession.

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What was Abraham Flexner's view on social work?

Abraham Flexner, a leading figure in medical education, argued that social work lacked key characteristics of a profession and should be considered a semi-profession.

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Why is social work sometimes referred to as a semi-profession?

Social work is considered a semi-profession because it lacks some elements of a true profession, like a scientific foundation for practice.

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List six key characteristics of a true profession according to Abraham Flexner.

Flexner's six characteristics of a true profession include intellectual work, reliance on science, practical application, teachable techniques, self-organization, and altruism.

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How did social work start to become more professional in the early 20th century?

Despite its lack of complete professionalism, social work began to gain a more scientific approach with the publication of Mary Richmond's Social Diagnosis in 1917.

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What did Mary Richmond's Social Diagnosis focus on?

Mary Richmond's Social Diagnosis emphasized one-on-one casework practice, comparing it to a medical diagnosis process.

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What is the medical model in social work?

The medical model in social work refers to the approach that compares casework to medical diagnosis and treatment.

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How did Freudian psychotherapy influence social work?

Freudian psychotherapy became a dominant theoretical basis for social work casework practice in the mid-20th century, influencing the focus on diagnosis.

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What is the role of social work at both micro and macro levels?

Although casework was gaining prominence, social work remained involved in both individual casework (micro) and broader community-level interventions (macro).

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What are some examples of macro-level interventions in social work?

Macro-level interventions include community organizing and policy advocacy, which often involved grassroots efforts and policy development.

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How did the Great Depression influence social work?

The Great Depression, which began in 1929, profoundly impacted social work, challenging the belief that poverty was solely the result of individual failings.

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What were some of the social changes that resulted from the Great Depression?

The Great Depression led to the creation of temporary relief programs and eventually the passage of long-term social welfare measures at the national level.

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How did social workers contribute to the New Deal programs?

Social workers played an important role in advocating for and shaping the New Deal programs during President Franklin Roosevelt's administration.

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How did social justice become more prominent in social work?

Social workers became increasingly involved in social justice advocacy and collaborated with other professions to address social issues.

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What were two significant legislative achievements that reflected the increasing role of social work in social justice?

The Social Security Act (1935) and the National Labor Relations Act (1935) were major achievements that reflected the growing role of social work in social justice.

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Client-Driven Model of Administration

This model of administration prioritizes the needs and outcomes of the clients being served, emphasizing a blend of management skills and social work knowledge.

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Global Perspectives on Social Work

Global economic and political factors significantly influence social work practices across different countries.

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International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW), International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW), and International Council for Social Welfare (ICSW)

These international organizations have played a crucial role in promoting social work, establishing standards, and fostering global collaboration.

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Risks of Globalization in Social Work

Western social work frameworks may not be appropriate for all cultural settings and could interfere with traditional practices and values.

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Social Work in Argentina

Social work practice in Argentina prioritizes community development and social change, rejecting Western influences.

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Addressing Global Asymmetries in Social Work Education

Social work programs acknowledge the challenges faced by students from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds and strive to create a level playing field.

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Intellectual Colonialism in International Social Work

These concerns emphasize the importance of respecting diverse cultural contexts and avoiding the imposition of Western-centric approaches.

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Un Suitability of Western Theories in Global Social Work

Western-derived theories may not be suitable for all cultures and contexts, especially those with unique historical and cultural backgrounds.

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Contributions of Participatory Approaches from the Global South

International collaboration in social work is crucial to acknowledge and learn from the innovative practices developed in various parts of the world.

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Diversity in Social Work Practices

Despite a range of methodologies and approaches, the underlying purpose of social work across countries remains the same: to empower individuals and communities.

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Casework Model

A model of social work focused on individual case management and intervention.

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Community Organization Model

Community organizers focus on collective action and social change to address systemic issues.

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Rank and File Movement

A movement that began in the 1930s and 1940s, emphasizing large-scale social reform.

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Brown v. Board of Education

A landmark 1954 Supreme Court decision that desegregated public schools, paving the way for the Civil Rights Movement.

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Civil Rights Movement

A campaign of nonviolent resistance led by Martin Luther King Jr. in the 1950s and 1960s to combat segregation and discrimination.

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United Farm Workers (UFW)

A labor union founded by Cesar Chavez in the 1960s to organize farmworkers, primarily Chicanos.

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La Raza Movement

A movement during the 1960s aiming to empower Latino/a/xs through political participation and advocacy.

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American Indian Movement (AIM)

A movement that emerged in the 1960s to address issues faced by Indigenous Americans, particularly government policies.

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Women's Movement

A feminist movement that emerged in the 1960s, focusing on social and economic equality for women beyond voting rights.

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Stonewall Riots

A series of protests in New York City in 1969 sparked by police harassment, leading to the Gay Liberation Movement.

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Counterculture Movement

A movement that emerged in the 1960s in response to social and political norms, associated with student activism and anti-war protests.

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Great Society Programs

A series of social programs launched during the 1960s, including the War on Poverty, aimed at improving the lives of low-income individuals and communities.

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Community Action Program (CAP)

One of the most important programs of the War on Poverty, aiming to coordinate services and empower communities through citizen participation.

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Themes of Community Practice

A set of evolving ideas about the purpose and methods of community practice in social work.

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Purpose of Community Practice Debate

The field of social work is actively discussing the goals of community practice; should it focus on local solutions or systemic change, or both?

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Social Worker Roles in Community

Social workers wear many hats in community practice, acting as group workers, community members, planners, and advocates, depending on the situation.

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Context of Community Practice

Community practice occurs in diverse settings, from social movement organizations pushing for large-scale change to small nonprofits working on local initiatives.

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Education and Community Practice

The education of social workers influences the focus of community practice, as different curricula emphasize distinct approaches and skills.

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Importance of Group Work Skills

Group work has been neglected in social work education, though vital for mobilizing people, building teams, and establishing relationships.

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Administrative Skills in Human Services

Administrators in human service organizations require specialized skills to navigate complex systems, budgets, and diverse needs.

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Rise of Social Work Administration

The emergence of the journal "Administration in Social Work" and the creation of ACOSA reflect the growing recognition of administrative and management skills in social work.

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Balance Efficiency and Client Needs

Concerns have been raised that administrative decisions in human service organizations might prioritize efficiency over client needs and service effectiveness.

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The Great Depression and Public Welfare

With the rise of public welfare organizations during the Great Depression, federal programs provided a safety net for the most vulnerable.

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Roosevelt's New Deal and Social Security

Roosevelt's New Deal programs created an infrastructure for federal-level programs that distributed relief funds and formed the basis of ongoing social security policies.

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Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now Health and Human Services) combined various federal insurance and assistance programs under a single cabinet-level organization.

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Early Social Work Education Focus

The early focus of social work education aimed to prepare administrators for small, private agencies, emphasizing skills like fundraising and supervision.

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Evolution of Human Service Organizations

The growth of large public bureaucracies and extensive private-sector agencies led to changes in the size, complexity, and roles of human service organizations.

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Evolving Skills for Human Service Administrators

Increased size, complexity, and diverse service demands required social work administrators to acquire new skills in budgeting, policy, and organizational management.

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Importance of Social Work Leadership

Concerns emerged about the risk of leadership in human service organizations being taken over by individuals without training in social work principles.

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Study Notes

Origins and Development of Social Work

  • Women played a crucial role in the early development of social work, establishing organizations focused on benevolence, reform, and rights.
  • Starting in the late 1700s, benevolent work included missionary outreach and orphan asylums.
  • In the 1830s, reform movements emerged to address slavery, prostitution, and sexual coercion.
  • The 1840s to 1860s saw women's rights organizations advocating for suffrage and other causes.
  • This work was often seen as an extension of women's domestic roles.

Charity Organization Societies (COS) and Settlement Houses

  • Charity Organization Societies (COS) emerged in the 1870s, coordinating various charities.
  • Informed by Social Darwinism, COS agencies emphasized moral reform and individual responsibility for poverty.
  • COS workers—often middle- and upper-class women—acted as friendly visitors, focusing on individual reform rather than systemic issues.
  • COS work laid the groundwork for social casework and micro-level interventions.
  • Settlement houses, exemplified by Hull House, addressed societal problems in urban slums, emphasizing systemic and community-level change.
  • Settlement houses supported immigrants and social reform, often collaborating with labor movements and other progressive causes.
  • Settlement houses fostered the development of macro-level social work.

Early Social Work Education

  • The need for formalized training and skills in both COS and settlement house models led to the establishment of social work schools.
  • Early schools, like the New York School of Philanthropy and the Boston School of Social Work, arose in response to demands from local COS agencies.
  • The Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy was influenced by the settlement house movement.
  • Debate emerged regarding the focus: micro (case-level assistance) versus macro (social reform).
  • Abraham Flexner, in 1915, questioned the professional status of social work.
  • Mary Richmond's "Social Diagnosis" highlighted casework practice, influenced by the medical model and Freudian psychoanalysis.
  • Despite a focus on micro-practice, macro practice models also concurrently developed.

Recognizing the Importance of Macro Roles

  • Macro-practice, initially less prominent, received attention through books and organizational theorists.
  • A social justice focus during the 1920s and 30s, bolstered by the Great Depression, spurred broader social reform initiatives.
  • Social workers collaborated and organized with labor movements, advocating for workers' rights and improved living conditions.

Effects of the Great Depression

  • The Great Depression highlighted the societal factors contributing to poverty, undermining the individual responsibility perspective.
  • This fueled the creation of relief programs (e.g., FERA) and ultimately the New Deal.
  • Social workers played key roles in the New Deal programs, including people like Harry Hopkins and Frances Perkins.

Community Organization and Social Reform

  • More collaboration between social justice advocates and mainstream social work leaders emerged in the 1930s.
  • The Social Security Act and other legislation helped unify efforts.
  • Large governmental agencies became major providers of human services, altering the landscape of social work practice.

Civil Rights and Social Change Movements

  • The 1950s laid the groundwork for significant social change in the 1960s, exemplified by the Brown v. Board of Education decision and the Civil Rights Movement.
  • Other social movements, including the Latino/a/x, Indigenous American, Women's, and Gay Liberation Movements, continued to shape the field.
  • These movements provided practical training opportunities for future social workers.

Expanded Governmental Social Programs

  • Renewed awareness of poverty, particularly with books like "The Other America", influenced expanded social welfare programs.
  • The Great Society programs, particularly the Community Action Programme (CAP), offered opportunities for community-level interventions.
  • Community organizing became increasingly recognized as a legitimate social work practice.

Administration, Management, and Planning in Social Work

  • Social work transitioned from smaller, volunteer-based agencies to larger, complex public and private sector organizations.
  • Skills like fundraising, administrative decisions, client needs, resources, and ethical practice were valued.
  • The importance of administration, management, and planning in social work education gained momentum.

Global Perspectives on Social Work

  • Social work developed internationally, with the establishment of the International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW) and other organizations.
  • Early programs in South America, Africa, India and Australia contributed diverse perspectives and methodologies.
  • However, there are risks associated with imposing Western approaches on other cultural contexts.

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Test your knowledge on the significant roles of women in social work during the early to mid-1800s. This quiz covers the emergence of women's organizations, key feminist groups, and the evolution of charitable efforts. Explore how societal beliefs influenced these movements and the various focuses of women's reform traditions.

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