Women's Movement in India

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Questions and Answers

What is the main objective of the Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA)?

To improve the working conditions of women through a process of training, technical aid, legal literacy, collective bargaining, and to teach values of honesty, dignity and simplicity.

What is the name of the organization that supported the Dalit Mahila Samiti (DMS) in Uttar Pradesh?

Vanangana

What year did the Indian constitution abolish 'untouchability'?

1950

What is the name of the first feminist publishing house in India?

<p>Kali for Women</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the Centre for Women's Development Studies (CWDS) established?

<p>19th April 1980</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the organization that helped organize the first national meeting of Dalit women in Bangalore in 1987?

<p>Women's Voice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that Jana Everett (1979) identified as contributing to the formation of reformist Indian women's movements?

<p>The Western education system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The All India Women's Conference (AIWC) was formed in 1972.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Sati

The practice of a woman burning herself on her husband's funeral pyre.

Purdah

The practice of veiling and secluding women from public view.

Child Marriage

The practice of marrying girls at a very young age, often before puberty.

Patriarchy

The belief that women are inherently inferior to men.

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Women's Movement

A social movement focused on achieving equal rights and opportunities for women.

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Women's Liberation Movement

A social movement focused on challenging the existing social and economic structures that oppress women.

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Women's Rights Movement

A social movement focusing on improving the lives of women through reforms within existing structures.

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Black Feminist Movement

A movement that addresses both racism and sexism experienced by women.

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Socialist Feminist Movement

A movement linking women's empowerment to social structures and policies.

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Womanist Movement

A group advocating for empowering women by focusing on their cultural strength and experiences.

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Feminist Movements

A collective term used to describe the various movements addressing women's rights and issues globally.

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All India Women's Conference (AIWC)

A women's organization established in 1927 to advocate for women's rights and social reform in India.

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International Women’s Decade (1975-1985)

A crucial moment in history that highlighted the importance of women´s rights and resulted in the establishment of organizations.

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Anti-Dowry Movement

A movement focused on ending the practice of brides being killed for not providing enough dowry by their families.

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Dalit Women's Movement

A women's organization that emerged to bring together women facing oppression due to their caste.

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Anti-Arrack Movement

A powerful movement that aimed to curb the consumption of alcohol, particularly in rural areas.

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Anti-Rape Movement

A movement focused on raising awareness and providing help to victims of sexual violence.

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Emergence of Anti-Rape Movement

This movement emerged from the excesses during the Emergency Rule in India. What triggered it?

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Dowry

The practice of giving a bride's family money or gifts before marriage.

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Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA)

A group of women who came together to address the issues of poverty and discrimination faced by working-class women.

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Casteism

The system of untouchability and caste-based discrimination prevalent in India.

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Globalizing Women's Movements

The economic globalization process impacted women's lives. What significant development emerged during this period?

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Kali for Women Publisher

The first feminist publishing house in India, established in 1984.

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Centre for Women's Development Studies (CWDS)

A research institute focused on women's development founded in 1980.

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Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)

This legal framework, adopted in 1979, aimed to address discrimination against women.

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Impact of Social Reform Movements

What important factor contributed to the growth of women's organizations and the emergence of the women's movement in India?

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Gender Equality

This concept is at the heart of women's movements aiming to bring about change in power structures and create a more equitable society.

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Movements Where Women Participate

The practice of women participating in social movements alongside men, but not necessarily focusing on issues specific to women.

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Women’s Liberation Movements

These movements specifically focus on issues directly impacting women's lives and challenging the existing power structures.

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Women's Self-Help Groups

The establishment of self-help groups and microfinance programs played a significant role in empowering women in India. What is the foundation of this approach?

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Study Notes

Women's Movement in India

  • Women's status has been low for centuries, with no documented historical record explaining the reasons for this secondary position in society.
  • Indian women inherited a complex social and cultural pattern shaping their perceived low status in the 19th century.
  • Perceived indicators of low status, such as purdah, sati, female infanticide, child marriage, and enforced widowhood, became rallying points for social reformers.
  • Social reformers, organized associations, and journals played a role in raising awareness of women's issues starting in the 19th century.
  • The movement aimed to broadly improve Indian women's status and roles, advocating for their rights, equality, and participation in society.
  • The women's movement in India encompasses diverse forms and has impacted different parts of the country.
  • The movement faces challenges of potential regression and societal backlash to any progress made.
  • Women's movements are recognized as important crusades of modern social movements.
  • Women's movements have taken numerous forms—from suffrage campaigns to grassroots actions.

Women's Movements: Goals and Structures

  • Women's movements often reflect aspirations and opportunities unique to middle-class women of a given era.
  • Some movements focused on legal equality, others on challenging cultural norms.
  • Women's groups vary in size and focus; some have a broad appeal while others focus on particular issues or subgroups.

Historical Context of Women's Movements in India

  • Women's movements have a long history in India, predating contemporary movements.
  • Religious and cultural traditions like Shakti (female power) have influenced views about women in the past.
  • Women's movements evolved through different stages, and shifts in goals and approaches occurred over time.
  • These changes are influenced by factors such as local, national, and international levels.

Types of Women's Movements

  • The diverse goals and structures of women's movements reflect the different needs and experiences of women within Indian society.
  • Women's movements are characterized by objectives like equality, liberation, and challenges to cultural practices.

Key Stages of Women's Movements

  • Early movements addressed social reforms within the freedom struggle.
  • A phase from 1947 to 1975 that focused on further action and improvements in women's status.
  • A more recent phase focusing on women's movement as a whole, starting in the 1970s and onward.

Key Organizations and Figures

  • Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA)
  • All India Women's Conference (AIWC)
  • Various other NGOs and organizations supporting women's movements.

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