Women, Caste, and Reform Movements in India
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Questions and Answers

What was a common societal belief regarding girls and education in the nineteenth century?

  • Girls were not allowed to learn religious texts.
  • Girls were encouraged to travel alone to school.
  • Girls should pursue higher education just like boys.
  • Girls ought to learn at home to fulfill domestic duties. (correct)

    • What medium did Rashsundari Debi use to learn secretly at night?

  • Oil lamps
  • Natural sunlight
  • Flickering candles (correct)
  • Fluorescent lights

    • Which group was instrumental in establishing schools for girls in Punjab?

  • All India Muslim League
  • Indian National Congress
  • Arya Samaj (correct)
  • Brahmo Samaj

    • What was believed about the curriculum for girls compared to boys?

    <p>It ought to be less demanding than that for boys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did girls in aristocratic Muslim households in North India learn to read the Koran?

    <p>By home visits from female teachers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was a reformer that reinterpreted verses from the Koran to support women's education?

    <p>Mumtaz Ali</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marked the beginning of Urdu novel writing?

    <p>The emergence of literary works in the late nineteenth century.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a prominent concern regarding girls attending school in the nineteenth century?

    <p>They had to travel through public spaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main subject of Tarabai Shinde's book, Stripurushtulna?

    <p>A comparison of social differences between women and men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Pandita Ramabai criticize in her work regarding Hinduism?

    <p>The oppressive nature toward women in Hindu society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiative did Pandita Ramabai establish to aid women?

    <p>A widows' home for shelter and support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concern did Hindu nationalists express regarding women adopting Western ways?

    <p>It would corrupt Hindu culture and family values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element of society did both Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai seek to address?

    <p>Gender inequality and oppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of women's lives did Pandita Ramabai emphasize in her criticism?

    <p>The impact of economic stability on women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metaphor does Tarabai Shinde use to describe the perceived differences between men and women?

    <p>Men are made from pure gold while women are made from less valuable materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did orthodox society react to the reforms advocated by women like Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai?

    <p>They were alarmed and resisted these changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Shri Narayana Guru's perspective on caste?

    <p>All humankind belongs to the same caste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects Shri Narayana Guru's beliefs about religion?

    <p>There should be one religion for all humankind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did leaders from Non-Brahman castes play according to the content?

    <p>They worked to change contemptuous habits among dominant castes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was recognized as a vocal leader among the low-caste community?

    <p>Jyotirao Phule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main arguments Jyotirao Phule made against the Brahmans?

    <p>Their claims of superiority were based on false premises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Jyotirao Phule's education influence his views?

    <p>He gained new insights from Christian missionary schools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Shri Narayana Guru advocate for among the subordinate castes?

    <p>Self-esteem and unity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the phrase 'oru jati, oru matam, oru daivam manushyanu'?

    <p>It expresses the idea of one caste, one religion, one god.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant development in the early nineteenth century contributed to discussions about social customs?

    <p>New forms of communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Raja Rammohun Roy?

    <p>A prominent Indian reformer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Brahmo Sabha, later known as the Brahmo Samaj?

    <p>A religious reform association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did printing affect ordinary people's ability to engage with social issues?

    <p>It empowered them to read and write in their languages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the primary reasons for increased public discussions in the new cities in the early 19th century?

    <p>Development of new communication methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of practices were Indian reformers like Rammohun Roy aiming to challenge?

    <p>Social customs and unjust practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way did the printing revolution affect debates about social issues?

    <p>It increased the volume and reach of discussions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following issues could now be debated due to advancements in communication?

    <p>Social, political, economic and religious issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leader is associated with the establishment of Khalsa College in Amritsar?

    <p>Leaders of the Singh Sabha movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What social reform movement is associated with combining modern instruction and traditional teachings?

    <p>The Singh Sabha movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding social reformers is true?

    <p>Reformers had to abandon ancient texts for initiating social reforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the Child Marriage Restraint Act passed?

    <p>1829</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason Ambedkar started the temple entry movement?

    <p>To confront Brahman priests about caste prejudices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement emerged in the early twentieth century in response to Brahmanical power?

    <p>The Non-Brahman movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following social reformers advocated for women's rights and education?

    <p>Jyotirao Phule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topic was NOT addressed by the social reformers in their discussions?

    <p>Colonial governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action was taken by Dalits that outraged Brahman priests during the temple entry movement?

    <p>Using water from the temple tank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the British government play in social reforms during their rule in Bengal?

    <p>They framed laws regulating various social practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was known as Periyar and was a key figure in the Non-Brahman movement?

    <p>E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the temple entry movements led by Ambedkar between 1927 and 1935?

    <p>Increased awareness of caste prejudices in society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reformers is NOT correctly matched with their legacy?

    <p>Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar - Resistance to modernization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What argument did the non-Brahman castes make about the origin of Brahmans?

    <p>They are the heirs of Aryan invaders from the north.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Ambedkar's fellowship to the US allow him to do?

    <p>Write extensively about social issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During Ambedkar's education, where was he segregated within the school system?

    <p>Outside the classroom on the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Women, Caste, and Reform

    • Reform movements during the 1800s and 1900s challenged existing social norms regarding women, caste, and education.
    • Children's lives 200 years ago were vastly different from today's norms involving education and marriage.
    • Girls from middle-class families today typically attend school with boys, can choose their spouses in marriage, and widows can remarry.
    • In the past, children were often married young, and men sometimes had multiple wives.
    • Widow burning, known as sati, was a practice in some parts of India, where widows might choose to die by burning themselves on their deceased husband's funeral pyre.
    • Women's access to education and property rights was limited.
    • Reformers like Raja Rammohun Roy campaigned against sati, advocating improvements in women's rights.

    Working Towards Change

    • During the 1800s and 1900s, there were ongoing debates regarding traditional social customs and practices in India.
    • The development of printed materials, such as books, newspapers, and pamphlets, expanded the reach and accessibility of information regarding social issues.
    • Reformers and Indian reformers initiated discussions on social, political, economic, and religious issues.
    • Figures like Raja Rammohun Roy initiated reform movements, advocating for change.
    • Reformers attempted to alter traditional practices through arguments based on ancient texts.

    Changing Lives of Widows

    • Rammohun Roy actively campaigned against sati.
    • British officials also started to criticize Indian traditions.
    • In 1829, sati was outlawed, and the strategy adopted by reformers was used by later reformers.
    • Reformers drew on ancient texts to challenge traditional practices that seemed harmful.

    Law Against Child Marriage

    • The growth of women's organizations and writings led to momentum for reform regarding child marriage.
    • People challenged the custom of child marriage.
    • The Child Marriage Restraint Act was passed in 1929.
    • The act outlawed marriage for men under 18 and women under 16.

    Caste and Social Reform

    • Reformers questioned caste inequalities.
    • Rammohun Roy translated a Buddhist text critical of caste.
    • Reformers, often from higher castes, worked privately to end caste discrimination.
    • Reformers' efforts included establishing schools for lower castes, and advocating for reforms regarding caste practices.

    Organizing for Reform

    • Various reform movements emerged, including the Brahmo Samaj, advocating for the abolition of idolatry and sacrifice.
    • Figures like Swami Vivekananda emphasized social service.
    • Derozio and Young Bengal promoted freedom of thought and radical ideas.
    • Reformers argued in favor of women's education.

    The Non-Brahman Movement

    • The Non-Brahman movement arose in the 1900s.
    • Non-Brahmin castes challenging Brahmanical dominance and advocating equal rights began advocating for change in social issues and equal rights.
    • Figures like E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker (Periyar) actively protested religious traditions and social inequities.
    • Reformers sought change in religious practices as well.

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    Women, Caste and Reform PDF

    Description

    Explore the significant reform movements during the 1800s and 1900s that aimed to challenge social norms surrounding women and caste in India. This quiz delves into historical practices such as child marriage and sati, while highlighting the efforts of reformers like Raja Rammohun Roy. Test your knowledge of how these reforms transformed women's rights and education over time.

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