Women’s Health Promotion Quiz

Women's Health Promotion Across the Lifespan

• Preventative health for women involves avoiding tobacco, limiting alcohol intake, addressing high pain tolerances, obtaining preventative care, and practicing safe sex.

Menstrual Disorders

• Amenorrhea: Absence of menstrual periods.

  • Most common cause is pregnancy.
  • Classifications:
    • Primary (absence of periods by a certain age/time frame)
    • Secondary (cessation of periods after previously regular periods)

• Dysmenorrhea: Painful menstrual periods.

  • Causes:
    • Endometriosis
    • Infections
    • Stenosis
    • Fibroids
  • Managed medically and through health promotion.

Menstruation Continued

• Endometriosis: The lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus.
  • Diagnosed through testing.
  • No cure, but can be treated with oral contraceptives or surgery.
• Dysfunctional uterine bleeding: Irregular bleeding with no other known disorder.
  • Requires hormone testing.
  • Ablation might be an option.
• Mid-menstrual cycle pain: Pain related to ovulation.
  • Diagnosed through health history.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

• Recurrent condition during the luteal phase causing physical, psychological, and behavioral changes that interfere with interpersonal relationships and normal activity.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

• Severe form of PMS.
• Medical management with diagnostic tests and medications.

Family Planning Options

• Includes natural, barrier, hormonal methods.
  • Specific examples shown, such as The Pill, Plastic IUD, Shot, Implant, Patch, Vaginal Ring, Copper IUD, Barrier Methods.

Natural Methods

• Coitus interruptus ("pull and pray")
• Tracking menstrual cycles
• Lactational amenorrhea (amenorrhea during breastfeeding)
• Red flag: Potential sign that a method is failing.

Barriers

• Male condoms
• Female condoms
• Spermicides
• Sponge
• Diaphragm/cervical cap

Hormonal Birth Control

• Progesterone or estrogen/progesterone combinations to prevent ovulation.
• Safety concerns: ACH (Abdominal pain, Chest pain, Head pain) are warning signs to report.
• Types:
  • Combined oral contraceptives ("the pill")
  • Progestin-only pill ("mini-pill")
  • Implants
  • Transdermal patch
  • Vaginal ring
  • Injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate

ACHES - Warning Signs To Report

• A: Abdominal pain
• C: Chest pain
• H: Headaches
• E: Eye problems
• S: Severe leg pain, swelling of legs/feet

More Hormones

• Intrauterine device (IUD): T-shaped device implanted in the uterus.
  • Releases progesterone to suppress ovulation.
  • Copper IUD.
• Emergency contraception: Drugs or devices to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex.
  • Examples: Plan B, Plan B One-Step, Copper T IUD

Permanent Contraception: Sterilization

• Women:
  • Tubal ligation: Surgical procedure to block fallopian tubes.
  • Essure system: Microinserts creating a tissue barrier to block sperm.
• Men:
  • Vasectomy: Surgical procedure to block vas deferens. (reversible)

Very Effective vs. Least Effective Contraception Methods

• Charts illustrate different methods' effectiveness.
  • Examples: Intrauterine Device (IUD), Implant, Hormonal Ring, Oral Contraceptives, Contraceptive Injection, Diaphragm, Condom, Pulling Out, Tracking Your Cycle

Infertility

• Infertility: the inability to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse.

• Causes (female):

  • Early menopause
  • Ovulation problems
  • Reproductive tract abnormalities
  • Endometriosis
  • Thyroid problems
  • Cancer treatment

• Causes (male):

  • Inadequate sperm production
  • Problems with delivery of sperm
  • Exposure to toxins
  • Exposure to excessive heat
  • Cancer treatment

• Treatments:

  • Lifestyle adjustments
  • Medications
  • Hormones
  • Surgery
  • Stimulate ovulation with drugs
  • Intrauterine insemination
  • Assisted reproductive technology

Menopause

• Variety of physical and psychological experiences.
  • Hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal atrophy, dyspareunia, osteoporosis.
• Usually occurs in the 40s.
• Can last for over a decade.
• Official menopause: 12 months without menstruation.

Treating Menopause

• Lifestyle changes
• Alternative medicine
• Hormone replacement therapy
• Hot flashes, night sweats, sleep disturbances
• Sexual dysfunction
• Estrogen alone prescribed for women without a uterus.
• Estrogen + progesterone for those with a uterus (decreases risk of endometrial cancer)
• Estrogen contraindications
• Lube
• Alcohol consumption
• Regular exercise & sleep pattern

Postmenopause Symptoms: Treatments

• Initial Steps: lifestyle adjustments (diet, exercise, wholesome habits).
• Two levels of treatment:
  • Alternative medicine: Phytoestrogenic, hormone-regulating, other herbal supplements.
  • Pharmaceutical options: Hormone treatments (HRT), osteoporosis-preventing drugs, estrogen receptor modulators.

Uterine Fibroids

• Most common benign tumor in women.
  • Also known as myomas and leiomyomas.
• Cause unknown.
• Risk factors:
  • Heredity
  • Race
  • Lifestyle
• Diagnostic testing (Pelvic Exam, ultrasound, hysterosonography, hysteroscopy, hysterosalpingography)

Ovarian Cysts

• Fluid-filled sacs in the ovary.
  • Types: Follicle cyst (after follicle rupture)
  • Causes: Hormonal imbalances, endometriosis
  • Diagnosis: Symptoms, ultrasound

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

• Cause: Interconnected factors within the body.
  • Characteristics: Increased androgens, insulin resistance, irregular menstrual periods, buffalo hump.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

• Transmitted through intercourse (both vaginal and oral)
• Treatments available
• Complications if untreated
• Lesbians at equal risk
• Impact on pregnancy and childbirth

STIs - Overview

• 1 in 5 US adults has an STI.
• Nearly 68 million infections in 2018.
• Among 15-24-year-olds in the US, approximately half of new cases of STIs arise.

Vulvovaginitis

• Causes:
  • Candida, bacteria, trichomoniasis
• Treatments:
  • OTC treatments or medical management (e.g., clindamycin, flagyl, monistat, vagisil)

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

• Life-threatening illness caused by Staphylococcus aureus or group A streptococcus.
• Most often associated with menstruating women using superabsorbent tampons and usually develops within 5 days.
• Symptoms include: high fever and chills, influenza-like symptoms, hypotension.

Pelvic Floor Disorders

• Prolapse: Dropping down of pelvic organs.
  • Uterus prolapse
  • Vagina prolapse
  • Causes: Childbirth, obesity, hysterectomy, increased intra-abdominal pressure, aging.
• Cystocele: Prolapse of the bladder.
  • Causes stress incontinence, urinary retention, overflow incontinence.
• Rectocele: Prolapse of the rectum.

Types of Pelvic Organ Prolapse

• Visual diagrams demonstrating different types of pelvic organ prolapse (Normal Anatomy, Cystocele, Uterine prolapse, Rectocele).

Test your knowledge on women's health promotion, focusing on preventative care, menstrual disorders, and conditions like endometriosis and dysmenorrhea. This quiz covers essential information for women's health across different life stages. Understand the importance of awareness and management of these health issues.