Women's Health Nursing Course

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Questions and Answers

What does the prevalence of anemia in women measure?

Percentage of women with iron deficiency.

Percentage of pregnant women with low folate levels.

Percentage of women diagnosed with anemia.

Percentage of women screened for hemoglobin levels. (correct)

What is the total fertility rate (TFR) commonly associated with?

Educational levels of women.

Access to prenatal vitamins.

Contraceptive prevalence and reproductive health indicators. (correct)

Economic status of the region.

Which of the following is excluded when measuring the percent of obstetric and gynecological admissions owing to abortion?

Medical abortions.

Planned terminations of pregnancy. (correct)

Surgical abortions.

Spontaneous abortions.

What does the knowledge of HIV-related prevention practices assess?

Correct identification of HIV transmission misconceptions. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of women of reproductive age is considered at risk of infertility?

Women who are sexually active and non-contracepting. Signup and view all the answers

What defines positive syphilis serology prevalence in pregnant women?

Percentage of pregnant women screened with positive serology results. Signup and view all the answers

What age range defines women of reproductive age for total fertility rate calculations?

15-49 years. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT directly measured by the total fertility rate (TFR)?

Infant mortality rate. Signup and view all the answers

What is one criterion for defining maternal death?

Death within 42 days postpartum. Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as maternal death?

Death due to pregnancy terminations or complications within 42 days Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major complication contributing to maternal deaths?

Severe bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What does the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) measure?

The number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of maternal deaths occurred in low and lower middle-income countries in 2020?

95% Signup and view all the answers

During which time period do most maternal deaths occur?

During and following pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key reasons for high maternal death rates in certain regions?

Inequalities in access to quality health services Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered a major complication leading to maternal deaths?

Infectious diseases unrelated to childbirth Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a maternal mortality ratio greater than 250 per 100,000?

Underlying problems with access to healthcare Signup and view all the answers

Which type of care can help save the lives of women and newborns during childbirth?

Care by skilled health professionals Signup and view all the answers

What was the global maternal death rate in 2017?

211 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births Signup and view all the answers

What does the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) indicate?

The number of children a woman would have based on current fertility rates. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) measure?

The percentage of women of reproductive age using contraception. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) represent?

Annual number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Signup and view all the answers

What does Antenatal Care Coverage measure?

The percentage of women attending at least one check-up during pregnancy. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the Percent of Births Attended by Skilled Health Personnel?

The percentage of births that have skilled attendance during delivery. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Availability of Basic Essential Obstetric Care indicate?

Number of healthcare facilities with basic obstetric care available. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Perinatal Mortality Rate (PMR) measure?

The number of perinatal deaths per 1,000 total births. Signup and view all the answers

What signifies a low birth weight prevalence?

Percentage of live births weighing less than 2,500g. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Availability of Comprehensive Essential Obstetric Care indicate?

Number of facilities offering comprehensive obstetric care per population. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a women’s reproductive health indicator?

High school graduation rates. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maternal mortality rate (MMRate) used to measure?

The number of maternal deaths per 1,000 women of reproductive age Signup and view all the answers

What does the lifetime risk of maternal death predict?

A woman's risk of death after each consecutive pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

How is the proportion of maternal deaths among deaths of women of reproductive age (PM) calculated?

Number of maternal deaths divided by total deaths among women aged 15–49 years Signup and view all the answers

What does perinatal mortality primarily indicate about health services?

The quality of intrapartum and immediate postnatal care Signup and view all the answers

At what point does the perinatal period commence according to the World Health Organization?

At 22 completed weeks of gestation Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a live birth?

The expulsion of a product of conception that shows evidence of life Signup and view all the answers

What signifies fetal death?

The absence of breathing or heartbeat before expulsion Signup and view all the answers

What is the perinatal mortality rate defined as?

The number of stillbirths and deaths in the first week of life per 1,000 total births Signup and view all the answers

What was the perinatal mortality rate in Turkey in 2019?

9.1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a measure of maternal mortality?

Total fertility rate Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Istanbul Gelisim University

Istanbul Gelisim University is focused on ecological, economic, and social sustainability.
Website and social media links are provided.

Department of Nursing (ENG)

The department's focus is on Women's Health and Diseases Nursing.
The lecturer is Dr. N. Alper Sahbaz, MD.

Course Information

Course credit: 8
ECTS: 9
GBS Link: https://gbs.gelisim.edu.tr/en/lesson-details-17-319-12715-2
Week: 17

What We Will Learn This Week

Basic concepts of women's reproductive health indicators
Roles and functions of a women's health nurse

Women's Reproductive Health Indicators

Total fertility rate
Contraceptive prevalence
Maternal mortality ratio
Antenatal care coverage
Births attended by skilled health personnel
Availability of basic essential obstetric care
Availability of comprehensive essential obstetric care
Perinatal mortality rate
Prevalence of low birth weight
Prevalence of positive syphilis serology in pregnant women
Prevalence of anaemia in women
Percentage of obstetric and gynaecological admissions owing to abortion
Reported prevalence of women with genital mutilation
Prevalence of infertility in women
Reported incidence of urethritis in men
Prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women
Knowledge of HIV-related preventive practices

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Total number of children a woman would have if she experienced the current fertility rate throughout her childbearing years.
Age-specific (ASFR) and total fertility rates (TFR) are presented, using data from Indonesia (1986-1997).

What is Maternal Death?

Death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy.
Related to or aggravated by the pregnancy (not accidental deaths).
Global rate (2017): 211 per 100,000 live births.
Almost 95% of maternal deaths occur in low and lower-middle-income countries in 2020.

Why Do Women Die?

Complications during and after pregnancy and childbirth.
Majority of complications are preventable and treatable.
Major complications (nearly 75% of maternal deaths) include: severe bleeding, infections, high blood pressure during pregnancy (pre-eclampsia/eclampsia), and complications from delivery, unsafe abortion.

What is Maternal Death? (Measures)

Maternal mortality ratio (MMR): Ratio of maternal deaths to 100,000 live births within a given time period.
Maternal mortality rate (MMRate): Number of maternal deaths in a population per 1,000 women of reproductive age.
Lifetime risk of maternal death: Calculated prediction of a woman's risk of death after childbirth (e.g., per 1,000 women).
Proportion of maternal deaths among deaths of women of reproductive age (PM): Number of maternal deaths divided by the total deaths among women aged 15-49 years.

Maternal Mortality Ratio (2015)

Number of women who die from pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births.
Global reduction target: Less than 70 per 100,000 live births (global target achieved, and all countries less than 140).

Perinatal Mortality Rate

Death of a fetus or neonate within the first week of life.
Includes stillbirths
1,000 live births are used to calculate perinatal deaths.
Data for top 10 countries with the highest perinatal mortality rate (PNMR) in 2012 is provided.

Definitions

Live birth: Complete expulsion of a product of conception after birth, showing evidence of life (breathing, heartbeat, movement).
Fetal death: Death prior to expulsion from the mother, lacking signs of life after separation.
Duration of gestation: Measured from the first day of the last normal menstrual period, expressed in completed days or weeks.

Brief information

Low birth weight (<2500g) accounts for 23.4% of all births globally.
Very low birth weight (<1500g) is also given.
Prenatal (antenatal) period: From embryo formation to birth.
Perinatal period: The period immediately before and after birth.
Postnatal period: The first 6 weeks after birth.

Prenatal Stage

Germinal stage: From fertilization to 2 weeks.
Embryonic stage: 3-8 weeks.
Fetal stage: 9 weeks-birth.

Perinatal Stage

Period immediately before and after birth.
Spans from 22 weeks gestation to 7 days after birth.

Nurses' Roles in Prenatal Care

Education and Counseling
Health Check-ups and Tests
Managing High-risk Pregnancies
Family Planning and Prenatal Guidance
Breastfeeding and Nutrition Education
Emotional Support
Spotting Emergencies and Acting Fast

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy)

Definition: Blood pressure above 140/90mmHg during pregnancy.
Risk factors: Obesity, previous hypertension, diabetes and family history.
Monitoring: Regular blood pressure checks, urine tests to monitor protein.
Complications: Preeclampsia if left untreated.

Preeclampsia/Eclampsia

Preeclampsia: Marked by high blood pressure and protein in the urine after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
Symptoms: Severe headaches, swelling, blurred vision.
Risks: Preterm birth, organ damage, placental separation or abruption.
Eclampsia: Severe complication of pre-eclampsia that leads to seizures or coma.
Risk and complications are life threatening, and require emergency medical care.

Postpartum Care

Nurses' role during the postpartum period: Monitor mother's recovery, ensure baby's health, and help the family adjust.
Complication monitoring: Infections, excessive bleeding, deep vein thrombosis.
Newborn care: Feeding, gaining weight, jaundice.
Breastfeeding support: Proper techniques, challenges, and support systems.
Postpartum depression: Symptoms, risks, treatment, and support.

Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Techniques

Support for couples struggling with infertility.
Education about infertility treatments (e.g., IVF), treatment administration and follow up.
Providing emotional support, options and help explore other support options such as adoption or surrogacy.

Quiz Questions

Multiple choice questions are provided about definitions.
Concepts, risk factors and indications are outlined for each.

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Description

This quiz focuses on key concepts related to women's reproductive health indicators essential for nursing professionals. You'll explore the roles and functions of a women's health nurse and learn about important metrics such as maternal mortality ratio and antenatal care coverage. Prepare to deepen your understanding of women's health issues in this crucial field.

Women's Health Nursing Course - Week 17