Women's Health: Cystitis & Dysmenorrhea

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following alkalinizing agents is included in OTC treatments for urinary symptoms?

Sodium Acetate

Potassium Citrate (correct)

Sodium Chloride

Calcium Carbonate

Why should potassium citrate be diluted with water?

To increase absorption

To decrease side effects

To make the taste more palatable (correct)

To enhance its effectiveness

Who is NOT recommended to take potassium citrate?

Patients with renal issues

Pregnant women (correct)

Women under 25

Athletes

What is the main distinction between primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea?

Presence of organic pathology Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the peak incidence of primary dysmenorrhea typically occur?

17 to 25 years Signup and view all the answers

In women, secondary dysmenorrhea is most commonly seen after which age?

30 years Signup and view all the answers

What should be advised for pain relief in dysmenorrhea for up to 2 days?

Both B and C Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon is often not associated with the start of dysmenorrhea?

Menarche Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of women reported vomiting as a side effect of Ulipristal?

1% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of Ulipristal?

Severe hepatic dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

If a woman vomits within how many hours of taking an emergency contraceptive tablet should she take another tablet?

3 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which condition disallows a woman from taking emergency contraceptive pills?

Severe hepatic dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB)?

Excessive menstrual blood loss Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is known to alter menstrual bleeding patterns?

Cimetidine Signup and view all the answers

Irregular bleeding between periods could suggest what kind of condition?

Structural or pathological abnormality Signup and view all the answers

A pharmacist should contact a doctor when a patient presents with which symptom?

Abnormal vaginal discharge Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is recommended for the symptomatic relief of dysmenorrhea?

Warm bath or heat application Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of NSAIDs in the treatment of dysmenorrhea?

Inhibit prostaglandin production Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum daily dose of Ibuprofen recommended for dysmenorrhea?

1200mg Signup and view all the answers

Which analgesic is considered less effective than NSAIDs for managing dysmenorrhea?

Aspirin Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended dose for Paracetamol in the treatment of dysmenorrhea?

500-1000mg every 4-6 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect is commonly associated with Hyoscine butyl bromide?

Dry mouth Signup and view all the answers

For which condition is Hyoscine butyl bromide contraindicated?

Narrow-angle glaucoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of caffeine in relation to analgesics?

It may enhance the analgesic effect. Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is preferred for menstrual pain when menorrhagia coincides with dysmenorrhoea?

NSAIDs Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum daily dose of tranexamic acid for very heavy menstrual bleeding?

8 g Signup and view all the answers

How do NSAIDs affect ovulatory bleeding in women with menorrhagia?

Decrease it by approximately 30-40% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of vaginal discharge?

Bacterial vaginosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of tranexamic acid?

Stopping the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if there is no improvement in symptoms after using NSAIDs or tranexamic acid for three menstrual cycles?

Stop the treatment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reported side effect of tranexamic acid?

Mild nausea Signup and view all the answers

Which population should avoid taking tranexamic acid?

Patients on anticoagulants Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of vaginal discharge based on its incidence in community pharmacy?

Bacterial vaginosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the symptoms of vaginal thrush is true?

Vaginal thrush commonly presents with vulvar pruritus. Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a patient with vaginal thrush, which age group should always be referred for further evaluation?

Women under 16 and over 60 Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is least likely to be the cause of vaginal discharge?

Urinary tract infection Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered if a patient has recurrent vaginal thrush attacks exceeding two in the past six months?

An underlying cause such as diabetes Signup and view all the answers

How does oestrogen affect the vaginal environment in women of childbearing age?

It promotes the production of glycogen. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom may suggest the presence of a urinary tract infection in relation to vaginal thrush?

Dysuria (pain on urination) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential reason for increased episodes of vaginal candidiasis during pregnancy?

Alteration of the vaginal environment due to hormonal changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended administration time for internal preparations of topical imidazoles?

At night Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs does oral fluconazole interact with?

Anticoagulants Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is true about the safety of topical antifungals during pregnancy?

They are safe and effective. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a patient has vaginal symptoms during their menstrual period?

The treatment should continue without interruption. Signup and view all the answers

How long should sexual intercourse be avoided after treatment for vaginal thrush?

Until the cure is complete Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect experienced by up to 10% of patients taking fluconazole?

GIT disturbances Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for the treatment of an asymptomatic husband when the wife has vaginal thrush?

He needs topical azoles for 6 days. Signup and view all the answers

Which formulation of topical imidazoles is NOT typically available?

Oral capsules Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Women's Health - 1-Cystitis

Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder, common in women, less common in men due to differences in urethra length
Bacteria from gastrointestinal tract often cause cystitis, E. coli being the most common
Symptoms include urinary frequency, urgency, burning pain during urination, and lower abdominal pain; mild cases can be treated with OTC products
About half of cystitis cases clear up within 3 days without treatment

Women's Health - 2-Dysmenorrhea (Period Pain)

Menstrual cycle typically lasts 21-45 days, with menstruation lasting 3-7 days
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is menstrual pain without an underlying organic condition. Secondary dysmenorrhea (SD) is pain associated with a specific condition (e.g. endometriosis)
Women aged 17-25 are most likely to experience PD, while SD is more common in women over 30
Symptoms can include cramping lower abdominal pain starting before or within 24 hours of menstruation, which typically resolves by the end of the first day
Any patient presenting with severe lower abdominal pain should be referred.

Women's Health - 3-Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

PMS is a collection of physical and emotional symptoms linked to the menstrual cycle. They generally begin 2-14 days before menstruation
The cause of PMS is unknown but associated with ovulation and potentially progesterone levels.
Symptoms include bloating, weight gain, swelling in ankles and fingers, breast tenderness, headaches, irritability, tension, depression, difficulty concentrating, and fatigue.
The recommended treatment is pyridoxine (B6), limited to 100 mg daily

Women's Health - 4-Emergency Hormonal Contraception (EHC)

EHC can be used for preventing pregnancy after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure.
Levonorgestrel should be taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex, while ulipristal can be taken within 120 hours (5 days) of unprotected intercourse
Women under 16 years should be referred to a doctor
Existing medical conditions like pregnancy or hypersensitivity to particular drug classes may require a doctor's referral.

Women's Health - 5-Menorrhagia (Heavy Menstrual Bleeding)

Menorrhagia is heavy menstrual bleeding.
Key symptom is bleeding perceived as greater than normal
Other symptoms that may signal underlying issues are bleeding between periods or bleeding after sex

Women's Health - 6-Vaginal Discharge

Vaginal discharge is common and has various causes including bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis (thrush), and trichomoniasis
Thrush is the only common vaginal discharge cause that is treatable OTC.
Vaginal discharge that has a strong odour, is not white and curd-like, should be referred because it suggests different underlying causes

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Description

Explore the common issues of cystitis and dysmenorrhea affecting women's health. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatments for bladder inflammation and menstrual pain. This quiz covers essential knowledge for understanding these conditions.