CBSE Class 8 Chapter 8: Women, Caste, and Reform
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Questions and Answers

Which group was considered as 'upper castes' in the caste system?

  • Shudras
  • Untouchables
  • Vaishyas
  • Brahmans and Kshatriyas (correct)

Two hundred years ago, women had the right to vote and stand for elections.

False (B)

Who founded the Brahmo Sabha in Calcutta?

Raja Rammohun Roy

Women were forced to practice ______ in some parts of the country.

<p>sati</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following social movements with their focus:

<p>Brahmo Sabha = Reform of social customs Non-Brahman movement = Caste discrimination Education for girls = Women's rights Sati prohibition = Women's safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a restrictor of women's property rights?

<p>Caste system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The development of new forms of communication did not contribute to discussions about social customs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lowest tier in the caste system comprises those considered ______.

<p>untouchable</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one major issue that women organized to address by the end of the nineteenth century?

<p>Female suffrage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Prarthana Samaj believed in the spiritual equality of all castes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who founded the Satnami movement?

<p>Ghasidas</p> Signup and view all the answers

The movement founded by Jyotirao Phule aimed to challenge __________ discrimination.

<p>caste</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individuals with their contributions:

<p>Jawaharlal Nehru = Supported women's equality Jyotirao Phule = Advocated against caste discrimination Shri Narayana Guru = Promoted unity among castes Ghasidas = Founded the Satnami movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Christian missionaries do during the nineteenth century?

<p>Set up schools for tribal and lower-caste children (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who founded the Satyashodhak Samaj?

<p>Jyotirao Phule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Upper-caste landowners had a liberating influence on the lives of people from lower castes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Non-Brahman castes advocate for in the second half of the nineteenth century?

<p>Social equality and justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gulamgiri was written by Phule to address the issue of upper-caste women.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Ambedkar aim to demonstrate through the temple entry movement?

<p>The power of caste prejudices within society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _________ movement was founded by Periyar to promote dignity for lower castes.

<p>Self Respect</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following leaders with their contributions:

<p>Jyotirao Phule = Propagated caste equality B.R. Ambedkar = Led temple entry movements E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker (Periyar) = Founded the Self Respect Movement Sanatan Dharma Sabhas = Upholding caste distinctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group supported Ambedkar's temple entry movement in 1927?

<p>Mahar caste (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Periyar was an advocate of traditional Hindu scriptures.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the aim of the Non-Brahman movement?

<p>To challenge Brahman supremacy and uphold the rights of non-Brahman castes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What practice did Rammohun Roy campaign against?

<p>Sati (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1829, the practice of sati was banned.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who suggested that widows could remarry through ancient texts?

<p>Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first schools for girls were opened in the mid-________ century.

<p>nineteenth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati to support widow remarriage?

<p>Arya Samaj (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most educated women in earlier years were taught at schools rather than at home.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Begum founded a primary school for girls at Aligarh?

<p>Begums of Bhopal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following reformers with their contributions to women's education and rights:

<p>Rammohun Roy = Campaign against sati Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar = Advocated for widow remarriage Pandita Ramabai = Wrote about the lives of upper-caste Hindu women Arya Samaj = Established schools for girls in Punjab</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sati

The practice of a widow immolating herself on her husband's funeral pyre.

Caste System

A social system that divided people into groups based on birth, with unequal rights and privileges. The upper castes were considered superior to the lower castes.

Raja Rammohun Roy

A social reformer who criticized Sati and advocated for widow remarriage.

Brahmo Samaj

A group of people who believed in a more rational and inclusive form of Hinduism.

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Women's Property Rights

The right of women to own and inherit property.

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Social Reform

The process of change in social customs and practices, often driven by reformers and new ideas.

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Non-Brahman Movement

This movement challenged the dominance of the Brahmans and advocated for the rights of other communities.

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Right to Vote

The ability to vote and participate in elections.

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Rammohun Roy

A social reformer who campaigned against Sati and worked to improve the status of widows in India.

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Widow Remarriage

The process of allowing a widow to remarry.

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Education for women

The belief that women should be educated and empowered.

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Arya Samaj

An organization founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati that advocated for widow remarriage and education for girls.

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First Urdu Novels

The first Urdu novels began to appear in the late 19th century, written by women.

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Women Writing About Women

Women writing about women's experiences and challenges.

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Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain

A prominent social reformer who campaigned for women's education and rights. Founder of schools for Muslim girls.

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Female Suffrage

The right to vote, gained by women in the late 19th and early 20th centuries through organized movements and campaigns.

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Prarthana Samaj

A 19th-century reform movement that advocated for the abolition of caste discrimination and promoted social equality.

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Ati Shudras

In India, a group of people historically considered as "untouchables" due to their traditional occupations.

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Satnami Movement

A 19th-century movement founded by Ghasidas, aimed at improving the social status of leather workers.

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Shri Narayana Guru

A reformist who believed in the equality of all people and advocated for social justice.

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Jyotirao Phule

A 19th-century social reformer and thinker who challenged the caste system and the Aryan invasion theory.

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Aryan Invasion Theory

Phule's theory that the Aryans were foreign invaders who subjugated the original inhabitants of India.

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Satyashodhak Samaj

A social movement founded by Jyotirao Phule in 19th century India, advocating for equality and challenging Brahmanical dominance.

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Gulamgiri

A book written by Jyotirao Phule in 1873, criticizing the oppressive caste system and comparing it to slavery, dedicated to American abolitionists.

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Temple Entry Movement

A movement led by Mahatma Jyotirao Phule to challenge the upper caste dominance and advocate for the inclusion of lower castes in society and temples.

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E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker (Periyar)

A social reformer who founded the Self Respect Movement, advocating for the rights of Dalits and challenging the authority of Brahmanical scriptures and traditions.

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Manusmriti (Code of Manu)

An ancient Hindu text interpreted by Periyar as a source of Brahmanical dominance and justification for the oppression of lower castes and women.

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Sanatan Dharma Sabhas and Bharat Dharma Mahamandal

A response to challenges from the Non-Brahman movement and other reform movements, where orthodox Hindu groups tried to defend the caste system and justify it through scriptures.

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Brahman Sabha in Bengal

Organizations formed to uphold the caste system and defend its validity, often citing scriptures and traditional practices.

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Study Notes

Overview of Women, Caste, and Reform

  • CBSE Class 8 Chapter 8 explores women's conditions, caste discrimination, and reform movements.
  • It analyzes how societal norms and practices differed two centuries ago compared to today.
  • The chapter aims to help students better understand historical contexts and perform well in exams.

Women's Rights in the Past

  • Historically, women had limited rights compared to today.
  • Child marriage and forced sati were common in some parts of the country.
  • Women had restricted property rights and lacked access to education.

Caste System

  • The caste system dictated social standing and opportunities.
  • Brahmins and Kshatriyas were considered upper castes, followed by Vaishyas and Shudras.
  • The lowest rung, untouchables, faced severe discrimination.

Social Reform Movements

  • Debates and discussions about societal issues emerged.
  • New communication methods (books, newspapers) facilitated broader discussions.
  • Reformers challenged social norms and injustices.

Raja Rammohun Roy

  • Founded the Brahmo Sabha (later Brahmo Samaj).
  • Advocated for social reforms, including ending sati and promoting women's education.
  • Sought greater freedom and equality for women.

Widow Remarriage

  • Rammohun Roy campaigned against sati, arguing it had no basis in ancient texts.
  • Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar supported widow remarriage based on interpretations of ancient texts.
  • Legislation permitted widow remarriage in 1856.

Education for Girls

  • Schools for girls began opening in the mid-1800s.
  • Some faced resistance from those fearing a disruption of traditional roles.
  • Women began writing about their experiences and the need for change.

Women's Growing Roles

  • Educated women in the early 20th century played significant roles in promoting education among women.
  • Indian women started attending universities, becoming teachers, and doctors.
  • Many Hindu women wrote about the need for equality, health care, education and suffrage.

Caste and Social Reform

  • Reform movements challenged caste distinctions and demanded equality.
  • The Prarthana Samaj and the Paramhans Mandali advocated for caste abolition.
  • Christian missionaries and others established schools for marginalized communities.
  • Increased migration to cities provided economic opportunities, although many faced hardship.

Non-Brahman movements

  • Movements like Satnami and those led by Ghasidas or Narayana Guru challenged the dominance of Brahmins.
  • These movements demanded equality and social justice.
  • Individuals like Jyotirao Phule criticized the caste system and highlighted the inequalities faced by marginalized communities.

Temple Entry

  • Movements emerged to allow access to temples by marginalized groups.
  • Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's work, along with the Mahar caste movement, challenged the hierarchical caste system by seeking equal access to resources.

Challenges and Repercussions

  • Upper-caste groups defended caste distinctions, leading to conflicts.
  • Debates continued regarding the interpretation of scriptures.

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CBSE Class 8 Social Science History Notes - Women, Caste, and Reform PDF

Description

This quiz covers Chapter 8 of CBSE Class 8, focusing on the conditions of women, caste discrimination, and various reform movements in society. Students will learn about historical social norms and practices, exploring their evolution over the past two centuries. Test your knowledge to enhance your understanding of these vital historical contexts and succeed in your exams.

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